– THE GRE QUANTITATIVE SECTION– 191 The area of a sector is found in a similar way to finding the length of an arc. To find the area of a sector, sim- ply multiply the area of a circle, πr 2 , by the fraction ᎏ 36 x 0 ᎏ , again using x as the degree measure of the central angle. Example: Given x = 60 º and r = 8, find the area of the sector: A = ᎏ 3 6 6 0 0 ᎏ ϫ ( )8 2 A = ᎏ 1 6 ᎏ ϫ 64( ) A = ᎏ 6 6 4 ᎏ ( ) A = ᎏ 3 2 2 ᎏ ( ) Polygons and Parallelograms A polygon is a closed figure with three or more sides. TERMS RELATED TO POLYGONS ■ Ve rt ice s are corner points, also called endpoints, of a polygon. The vertices in the previous polygon are A, B, C, D, E, and F. ■ A diagonal of a polygon is a line segment between two nonadjacent vertices. The two diagonals indi- cated in the previous polygon are line segments BF and AE. ■ A regular (or equilateral) polygon’s sides are all equal. ■ An equiangular polygon’s angles are all equal. FE D C B A r x r o – THE GRE QUANTITATIVE SECTION– 192 ANGLES OF A QUADRILATERAL A quadrilateral is a four-sided polygon. Since a quadrilateral can be divided by a diagonal into two trian- gles, the sum of its angles will equal 180 + 180 = 360 degrees. INTERIOR ANGLES To find the sum of the interior angles of any polygon, use this formula: S = 180(x – 2) where x is the number of polygon sides. Example: Find the sum of the angles in the following polygon. S = (5 – 2) ϫ 180 S = 3 ϫ 180 S = 540 EXTERIOR ANGLES Similar to the exterior angles of a triangle, the sum of the exterior angles of any polygon equals 360 degrees. 5 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 m∠1 + m∠2 + m∠3 + m∠4 = 360° SIMILAR POLYGONS If two polygons are similar, their corresponding angles are equal and the ratio of the corresponding sides is in proportion. Example: These two polygons are similar because their angles are equal and the ratio of the corresponding sides is in proportion. Parallelograms A parallelogram is a quadrilateral with two pairs of parallel sides. In this figure, A ෆ B ෆ ʈ C ෆ D ෆ and B ෆ C ෆ ʈ A ෆ D ෆ . A parallelogram has the following characteristics: ■ Opposite sides are equal (AB = CD and BC = AD). ■ Opposite angles are equal (mЄA = mЄC and mЄB = mЄD). ■ Consecutive angles are supplementary (mЄA + mЄB = 180 º ,mЄB + mЄC = 180 º , mЄC + mЄD = 180 º ,mЄD + mЄA = 180 º ). ■ Diagonals bisect each other. SPECIAL TYPES OF PARALLELOGRAMS There are three types of special parallelograms: ■ A rectangle is a parallelogram that has four right angles. D A B C 60° 10 4 6 18 120° 60° 120° 5 2 3 9 – THE GRE QUANTITATIVE SECTION– 193 ■ A rhombus is a parallelogram that has four equal sides. ■ A square is a paralleloram in which all angles are equal to 90 degrees and all sides are equal to each other. DIAGONALS In all parallelograms, diagonals cut each other in two equal halves. ■ In a rectangle, diagonals are the same length. ■ In a rhombus, diagonals intersect to form 90-degree angles. DC AB AC = DB D CB A AB = BC = CD = DA ∠A = m∠B = m∠C = m∠D m D Direct your dreams in a positive way Direct your dreams in a positive way Bởi: Joe Tye “The cultural bias toward the waking state as ‘real’ and any other state as ‘unreal’ – and therefore unworthy of attention or study – exists as a mental block for many Yet if we assume that little can be learned from any state other than waking, we largely ignore any state other than waking and thus perpetuate the bias.” Robert Waggoner: Lucid Dreaming: Gateway to the Inner Self Do you ever have a recurring dream that seems to prey upon your greatest fears? I If those dreams are real and vivid enough – and if I let them – they can cast a shadow over the entire next waking day Here’s one that is particularly anxiety-provoking I give a hundred or so speeches every year So you can imagine how disconcerting it is for me to wake from a dream where I have showed up late for a presentation where I have no idea of what I’m supposed to be speaking about or what I’m going to say – not that it would matter much because no one in the hall has the slightest interest anyway Now when I have this dream in any of its many variations I practice what I think of as Directed Dreaming, my own version of lucid dreaming (technically, some lucid dreaming experts would say that it is not possible to “direct” dreams, but this works for me) When I realize that I’ve been playing a part in this subconscious drama in one act, before I get out of bed I’ll reimagine that dream, only in a way that lets me play the hero instead of playing the buffoon For example, I’ll visualize the group’s leader coming up to the podium and demanding attention, then saying “I regret that our featured speaker Anthony Robbins has been unavoidably detained and will not be with us today.” Groans of disappointment from the audience “However,” the man at the podium continues with a flourish in my direction, “it is our vast good fortune that Joe Tye just happened to be staying at our convention hotel, and he has agreed to share a few words with us.” Thunderous applause, cheers, and hurrahs Once more motioning for silence the emcee says, “Mr Tye warned me that he knows nothing about our conference topic of bovine genetics, but I assured him that we’d much rather hear him speak about values and culture – am I right?” Fade to a rapturous standing ovation as I walk onstage 1/2 Direct your dreams in a positive way Grandiose and ridiculous? Guilty on all charges But tell me, how would you rather start your day: having awoken from a dream where you’ve showed up in your underwear to give a speech you don’t know to people who don’t care, or to a standing ovation for having been at the right place at the right time with the right message? 2/2 Majumdar and Mazaleni Journal of the International AIDS Society 2010, 13:20 http://www.jiasociety.org/content/13/1/20 Open Access RESEARCH © 2010 Majumdar and Mazaleni; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and repro- duction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Research The experiences of people living with HIV/AIDS and of their direct informal caregivers in a resource-poor setting Basanti Majumdar* †1 and Nomathemba Mazaleni †2 Abstract Background: HIV/AIDS is a critical concern in South Africa, where extreme poverty and gender issues are major determinants of health. A comprehensive home-based care programme is needed to lessen the burden placed on the caregivers of those suffering from HIV/AIDS. The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the challenges faced by people who are living with HIV/AIDS and by their caregivers in resource-poor, remote South African villages. Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with nine persons living with HIV/AIDS and their nine direct informal caregivers. Interviews explored the themes of physical, emotional and social wellbeing. Two focus groups, one involving community leaders and one with local health care providers, were conducted to build on themes emerging from the in-depth interviews. A thematic analysis of the transcripts was performed. Results: This study sheds light on the needs of persons living with HIV/AIDS and the needs of their direct informal caregivers in a rural area of the Eastern Cape province of South Africa. These needs include: physical/medical, social, material, financial, physiological/emotional, gender issues, and instrumental. Conclusions: In developing home-based care programmes, it is vital to consider the perceived needs of persons living with HIV/AIDS and their direct informal caregivers. The results from this study serve as a basis for the development of a home-based care programme in one resource-poor setting of South Africa and could provide a model for such programmes in similar areas. Background The latest AIDS Epidemic Update, published by the Joint United Nations Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) and the World Health Organization (WHO), estimates that 33.2 million people were living with HIV in 2007 [1]. With an estimated 5.5 million people infected [2], South Africa is burdened with the largest HIV-infected popula- tion in the world [1]. Although South Africa is considered to be a middle- income country, it has one of the highest levels of income inequality in the world. While the wealthiest 10% of the population account for 51% of the country's income, the poorest 10% account for only 0.2% [3]. Despite post- apartheid policies that have increased health spending in poor districts, rural and African residents bear the largest burden of illness [3,4]. Conditions created by apartheid, Leveraging IP to Raise Funding and Improve Your Valuations in a Bear Market by John Cronin, CEO ipCapital Group, Inc. . April 15th , 2001 Leveraging IP to Raise Funding and Improve Your Valuations in a Bear Market by John Cronin, CEO ipCapital Group, Inc. . April 15th , 2001 © 2001, ipCapital Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 2 www.ipcapitalgroup.com Agenda Agenda Today’s Environment Challenges Lets discuss IP and leveraging Protected Innovation SM Case Studies Actions Your Can Take © 2001, ipCapital Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 3 www.ipcapitalgroup.com Today’s Environment Today’s Environment © 2001, ipCapital Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 4 www.ipcapitalgroup.com End of the Bull Market End of the Bull Market Nasdaq Composite Index, 1974 - date Nasdaq Composite Index, 1974 - date © 2001, ipCapital Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 5 www.ipcapitalgroup.com VC Funding is Dropping VC Funding is Dropping PWC MoneyTree™, February 6, 2001 © 2001, ipCapital Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 6 www.ipcapitalgroup.com Internet Investors are Shying Away Internet Investors are Shying Away $0 $2,000 $4,000 $6,000 $8,000 $10,000 $12,000 $14,000 $16,000 $18,000 Dollars in Million s Q1 96 Q2 96 Q3 96 Q4 96 Q1 97 Q2 97 Q3 97 Q4 97 Q1 98 Q2 98 Q3 98 Q4 98 Q1 99 Q2 99 Q3 99 Q4 99 Q1 00 Q2 00 Q3 00 Q4 00 Internet-Related Venture Capital Investments 1996 - 2000 PWC MoneyTree™, February 6, 2001 © 2001, ipCapital Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 7 www.ipcapitalgroup.com New Expectations are Emerging New Expectations are Emerging "We are moving into the stage of the cycle when growth is strong, inflationary pressures build up and interest rates rise. Investors prefer the security of profits today to the promise of profits in the future." Owain Evans, global strategist at Merrill Lynch © 2001, ipCapital Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 8 www.ipcapitalgroup.com Knowledge will Drive Future Economic Growth Knowledge will Drive Future Economic Growth “Intellectual property rights is an area of law and business management which is enjoying a recent explosion in significance. Many governments and businesses believe that knowledge will increasingly drive economic performance in the industrialized countries.” Ruth Soetendorp, Director, Centre for Intellectual Property Policy and Management, Bournemouth University © 2001, ipCapital Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 9 www.ipcapitalgroup.com VCs are Recognizing the Value of IP VCs are Recognizing the Value of IP “The venture capital arena is quite savvy to the importance of an intellectual property portfolio.” Lance D. Reich, partner Bockhop & Reich, LLP © 2001, ipCapital Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 10 www.ipcapitalgroup.com IP is Becoming a Strategic Issue IP is Becoming a Strategic Issue “Intellectual property management has become a new corporate strategy issue. A patent strategy can help Wall Street see a company’s true competitive prospects and earnings potential.” Kevin G. Rivette & David Kline, authors Rembrandts in the Attic [...]...Companies are Taking Action to Manage Their IP “The new economy barters, trades, and produces one integral asset more than any other: intellectual © 2001, ipCapital Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 22 www.ipcapitalgroup.com IP Position in Ideas to Reality IP Position in Ideas to Reality IP Wave Companies Leveraging means understanding the “Position” of IP in the flow of ideas to reality! IP Wave Companies Leveraging means understanding the “Position” of IP in the flow of ideas to reality! © 2001, ipCapital Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 23 www.ipcapitalgroup.com IP Rings – Across all areas IP Rings – Across all areas Build your IP in surrounding Rings to raise your value IP.COM © 2001, ipCapital Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 24 www.ipcapitalgroup.com Very New Markets Very New Markets Strategy dictates the size of your IP Rings to raise your value © 2001, ipCapital Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 25 www.ipcapitalgroup.com Improvement Markets Improvement Markets Strategy dictates the size of your IP Rings to raise your value IP.COM © 2001, ipCapital Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 26 www.ipcapitalgroup.com IP is Global – take advantage of the laws GNP vs. IP Strength of IP Laws Size of GNP of a Country Value of Intellectual Property Value of Intellectual Property DEVELOPING COUNTRIES USA © 2001, ipCapital Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 27 www.ipcapitalgroup.com IP is related to your Market Cap Market Cap vs. IP: Where are you? # of Patents + Execution Market Cap of Company LOW TECH INDUSTRY HIGH TECH INDUSTRIES Value of Intellectual Property Value of Intellectual Property © 2001, ipCapital Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 28 www.ipcapitalgroup.com Mergers & Acquisitions Valuation vs. IP B M K 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 $ For Merger # of Patents Value of Intellectual Property Value of Intellectual Property © 2001, ipCapital Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 29 www.ipcapitalgroup.com Venture financing is related to IP IP enhances upside “Own your space” IP reduces downside risk Creates barrier for entry in market MM M K $ For Venture Depth of your IP Story Value of Intellectual Property Value of Intellectual Property © 2001, ipCapital Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 30 www.ipcapitalgroup.com Raising Money Angel Rounds – IP is the almost only tangible asset First/Second Rounds – IP Valuation Story shows a serious business especially if IP story is Comprehensive Related to the business plan IPO – Stock market wants insurance Value of Intellectual Property Value of Intellectual Property © 2001, ipCapital Group, Inc. All Rights Reserved. 31 www.ipcapitalgroup.com Maximize the Defensive Value of IP Maximize the Defensive Value of IP Legal Lawsuits cost $$ Lawsuits delay product introduction Lawsuit impact company stock value Market Share Kicked out of markets – Kodak & Polaroid People People switch companies – unprotected IP moves with them Processes Can’t compete against competitors who have systematically owned the space [...]... Owning your IP space enables you to “prove” your business model and technologies Owning your IP space enables you to “prove” your business model and technologies “Proving” your business model and technologies attracts Investors “Proving” your business model and technologies attracts Investors © 2001, ipCapital Group, Inc All Rights Reserved www.ipcapitalgroup.com 39 Increasing Valuation Situation A. .. Invention (IP) 34 Connect Innovation vs Invention (IP) Human Capital Human Capital IP Products Innovation © 2001, ipCapital Group, Inc All Rights Reserved www.ipcapitalgroup.com Invention Pro React Build complex front-end applications in a composable way with React — Cássio de Sousa Antonio Pro React Cássio de Sousa Antonio Pro React Copyright © 2015 by Cássio de Sousa Antonio This work is subject to copyright All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed Exempted from this legal reservation are brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’s location, in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer Permissions for use may be obtained through RightsLink at the Copyright Clearance Center Violations are liable to prosecution under the respective Copyright Law ISBN-13 (pbk): 978-1-4842-1261-5 ISBN-13 (electronic): 978-1-4842-1260-8 Trademarked names, logos, and images may appear in this book Rather than use a trademark symbol with every occurrence of a trademarked name, logo, or image we use the names, logos, and images only in an editorial fashion and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks, and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein Managing Director: Welmoed Spahr Lead Editor: Louise Corrigan Technical Reviewer: Jack Franklin and Tyler Merry Editorial Board: Steve Anglin, Louise Corrigan, Jim DeWolf, Jonathan Gennick, Robert Hutchinson, Michelle Lowman, James Markham, Susan McDermott, Matthew Moodie, Jeff Olson, Jeffrey Pepper, Douglas Pundick, Ben Renow-Clarke, Gwenan Spearing Coordinating Editor: Melissa Maldonado Copy Editor: Mary Behr Compositor: SPi Global Indexer: SPi Global Artist: SPi Global Distributed to the book trade worldwide by Springer Science+Business Media New York, 233 Spring Street, 6th Floor, New York, NY 10013 Phone 1-800-SPRINGER, fax (201) 348-4505, e-mail orders-ny@springer-sbm.com, or visit www.springer.com Apress Media, LLC is a California LLC and the sole member (owner) is Springer Science + Business Media Finance Inc (SSBM Finance Inc) SSBM Finance Inc is a Delaware corporation For information on translations, please e-mail rights@apress.com, or visit www.apress.com Apress and friends of ED books may be purchased in bulk for academic, corporate, or promotional use eBook versions and licenses are also available for most titles For more information, reference our Special Bulk Sales–eBook Licensing web page at www.apress.com/bulk-sales Any source code or other supplementary material referenced by the author in this text is available to readers at www.apress.com For detailed information about how to locate your book’s source code, go to www.apress.com/source-code/ To my wife, Mel, for all the support, inspiration, and love You make it all worthwhile Contents at a Glance About the Author��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� xiii About the Technical .. .Direct your dreams in a positive way Grandiose and ridiculous? Guilty on all charges But tell me, how would you rather start your day: having awoken from a dream where you’ve showed up in your. .. up in your underwear to give a speech you don’t know to people who don’t care, or to a standing ovation for having been at the right place at the right time with the right message? 2/2