Variations in Family Life tài liệu, giáo án, bài giảng , luận văn, luận án, đồ án, bài tập lớn về tất cả các lĩnh vực ki...
[...]... is essentially one about the family life, work and health of socalled midlife and older women in Jamaica in the early 1990s Here reference is being made to two groups of women who are usually kept separate in demographic studies At the point of data collection and in the data analysis these women are recognizable as being in midlife (fifty to fifty-nine years old) and older (sixty to seventy-four... sexuality, older women are portrayed as caregivers.1 The paucity of research on this age group in the 1980s and early 1990s was not unique, and middle-aged and older women were frequently overlooked Sennott-Miller (1989, 1) makes the point that “little is known about women at midlife and older in the Caribbean” In Jamaica for that period, the few in- depth 2 rawlins-book-01.indb 2 Midlife and Older Women. .. analyse the relationships in which the women lived, a number of theories and concepts were explored, including concepts of power and class The concept “power” was used to understand better the multifaceted relationships in which midlife and older women were involved on a daily basis.2 THEORETICAL UNDERPINNINGS OF THE RESEARCH Midlife and older women in Jamaica are involved in complex relationships,... relationships in which middle-aged and older women are involved Many important issues are raised, which include familial interdependence and sexuality In chapter 3, the issue of paid and unpaid work in the life of middle-aged and older women within the formal and informal sectors is explored and the societal expectations about work for women of this age group are analysed The health of women of the age group under... support within the family, the community and the nation as a whole and to the power relations in which such women exist; 4 to analyse the health situation of middle aged and older women and the power relations that come into play as they seek to ensure health care for themselves; and 5 to examine the issues relating to the intimate relations of their lives, taking into consideration the negativity in the... Canada and Britain Examples of some of these mass migrations would include those of the 1950s and 1960s to Britain, in which large numbers of men as well as women were involved Earlier migrations involved mainly men who travelled off the island to work in Cuba, Panama and as farm workers in the United States Other large-scale movements took place to destinations in the United States in the 1970s and 1980s... from manual and unskilled jobs in the informal sector to jobs in the professions, such as engineering, law, medicine and the media Jamaican women Variations in Family Life Variations in Family Life Bởi: OpenStaxCollege The combination of husband, wife, and children that 99.8 percent of Americans believes constitutes a family is not representative of 99.8 percent of U.S families According to 2010 census data, only 66 percent of children under age 17 live in a household with two married parents This is a decrease from 77 percent in 1980 (U.S Census 2011) This two-parent family structure is known as a nuclear family, referring to married parents and children as the nucleus, or core, of the group Recent years have seen a rise in variations of the nuclear family with the parents not being married Three percent of children live with two cohabiting parents (U.S Census 2011) More than one quarter of American children live in a single-parent household (Photo courtesy of Ross Griff/flickr) Single Parents Single-parent households are on the rise In 2010, 27 percent of children lived with a single parent only, up from 25 percent in 2008 Of that 27 percent, 23 percent live with their mother and three percent live with their father Ten percent of children living with their single mother and 20 percent of children living with their single father also live with the cohabitating partner of their parent (i.e., boyfriends or girlfriends) Stepparents are an additional family element in two-parent homes Among children living in two-parent households, percent live with a biological or adoptive parent and a 1/11 Variations in Family Life stepparent The majority (70 percent) of those children live with their biological mother and a stepfather Family structure has been shown to vary with the age of the child Older children (ages 15–17) are less likely to live with two parents than adolescent children (ages 6–14) or young children (ages 0–5) Older children who live with two parents are also more likely to live with stepparents (U.S Census 2011) In some family structures a parent is not present at all In 2010, three million children (4 percent of all children) lived with a guardian who was neither their biological nor adoptive parent Of these children, 54 percent live with grandparents, 21 percent live with other relatives, and 24 percent live with non-relatives This family structure is referred to as the extended family, and may include aunts, uncles, and cousins living in the same home Foster parents account for about a quarter of non-relatives The practice of grandparents acting as parents, whether alone or in combination with the child’s parent, is becoming widespread among today’s families (De Toledo and Brown 1995) Nine percent of all children live with a grandparent, and in nearly half of those cases, the grandparent maintains primary responsibility for the child (U.S Census 2011) A grandparent functioning as the primary care provider often results from parental drug abuse, incarceration, or abandonment Events like these can render the parent incapable of caring for his or her child Changes in the traditional family structure raise questions about how such societal shifts affect children U.S Census statistics have long shown that children living in homes with both parents grow up with more financial and educational advantages than children who are raised in single-parent homes (U.S Census 1997) Parental marital status seems to be a significant indicator of advancement in a child’s life Children living with a divorced parent typically have more advantages than children living with a parent who never married; this is particularly true of children who live with divorced fathers This correlates with the statistic that never-married parents are typically younger, have fewer years of schooling, and have lower incomes (U.S Census 1997) Six in ten children living with only their mother live near or below the poverty level Of those being raised by single mothers, 69 percent live in or near poverty compared to 45 percent for divorced mothers (U.S Census 1997) Though other factors such as age and education play a role in these differences, it can be inferred that marriage between parents is generally beneficial for children Cohabitation Living together before or in lieu of marriage is a growing option for many couples Cohabitation, when a man and woman live together in a sexual relationship without being married, was practiced by an estimated 7.5 million people (11.5 percent of the population) in 2010, which shows an increase of 13 percent since 2009 (U.S Census 2010) This surge in cohabitation is likely due to the decrease in social stigma pertaining to the practice In a 2010 National Center for Health Statistics survey, only 38 percent of 2/11 Variations in Family Life the 13,000-person sample thought that cohabitation negatively impacted society (Jayson 2010) Of those who cohabitate, the majority are non-Hispanic with no high school diploma or GED and grew up in a single-parent household (U.S Census 2010) Cohabitating couples may choose to live together in an effort to spend ...STRENGTHENING HEALTH AND FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION IN THE REGION The Implementation, Monitoring, and Evaluation of HFLE in Four CARICOM Countries Published by the United Nations Children’s Fund, Barbados and the Eastern Caribbean Ofce First Floor, UN House, Marine Gardens, Christ Church, Barbados. Tel |246| 467-6000 Fax |246| 426-3812 email bridgetown@unicef.org website www.unicef.org/barbados © UNICEF. All rights reserved 2009 The statements in this publication are the views of the author(s) and may not necessarily reect the policies or the views of UNICEF. UNICEF|BECO|2009|King UNICEF|BECO|2003|Baldeo UNICEF|BECO|2006|McClean-Trotman STRENGTHENING HEALTH AND FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION IN THE REGION The Implementation, Monitoring, and Evaluation of HFLE in Four CARICOM Countries UNICEF|BECO|2007|McClean-Trotman Acknowledgements UNICEF|BECO|2009|King UNICEF|BECO|2003|Baldeo UNICEF|BECO|2009|King The UNICEF Barbados and Eastern Caribbean Ofce wishes to express appreciation for the input from numerous teachers, HFLE Coordinators and other technical staff and consultants whose valuable expertise and insights helped in the design and implementation of this Evaluation. These include: The Technical Team in Health and Human Development Programs at Education Development Center, Inc.who served as Lead Consultants for the Curriculum Development and Evaluation, namely: - Ms. Connie Constantine, Senior Project Director; Dr. Ann Stueve, Senior Evaluator; Dr. Lydia O’Donnell, Principal Investigator; Dr. Gail Agronick, Evaluator; Dr. Cheryl Vince-Whitman, Technical Monitor Dr. Jennifer Crichlow, HFLE Consultant and Ms. Elaine King, UNICEF/BECO Adolescent and HIV/ AIDS Specialist who worked closely with countries in developing lessons, facilitating teacher training and carrying out classroom observations and relevant informant interviews. Dr. Morella Joseph, Deputy Programme Manager, Human Resource Development, CARICOM who provided technical inputs and worked with countries to support the implementation process. HFLE Country Coordinators – Ms. Maureen Lewis, Antigua; Ms. Patricia Warner, Barbados; Ms. Hermione Baptiste, Grenada; Ms. Arthusa Semei, HFLE Coordinator, St. Lucia – who supported national processes and provided invaluable leadership in training teachers as well as classroom monitoring and support. The contribution of myriad teachers in CARICOM countries who worked tirelessly to develop, review and test the lessons in classroom. A special thanks is due to the many teachers and students in participating schools who provided input and made this project possible. Concept, design and layout of this study was done by Cullen J. Kong of Whirlwind Designs-Barbados. Table of Contents UNICEF|BECO|2008|McClean-Trotman UNICEF|BECO|2008|Knight UNICEF|BECO|2009|King I. Executive Summary ………………………………………………………. 1 II. Introduction to Study and Goals………………………………………… 13 III. Evaluation Methodology………………………………………………… 17 IV. Findings from Process Evaluation…………………………………… 23 V. Monitoring Student Health Indicators………………………………… 38 VI. Findings from Impact Evaluation……………………………………… 44 VII. Challenges and Recommendations ……………………………………. 60 Student Survey Data » Appendix 1 Antigua & Barbuda Form 1 Student Baseline Survey 64 » Appendix 2 Antigua & Barbuda Form 3 Student Baseline Survey 84 » Appendix 3 Barbados Form 1 Student Baseline Survey 104 » Appendix 4 Barbados Form 3 Student Baseline Survey 124 » Appendix 5 Grenada Form 1 Student Baseline Survey 144 » Appendix 6 Grenada Form 3 Student Baseline Survey 164 » Appendix 7 St. Lucia RESEARC H Open Access Quality of care and health-related quality of life of climacteric stage women cared for in family medicine clinics in Mexico Svetlana Vladislavovna Doubova Dubova 1* , Sergio Flores-Hernández 2 , Leticia Rodriguez-Aguilar 1 , Ricardo Pérez-Cuevas 1 Abstract Objectives: 1) To design and validate indicators to measure the quality of the process of care that climacteric stage women receive in family m edicine clinics (FMC). 2) To assess the quality of care that climacteric stage women receive in FMC. 3) To determine the association between quality of care and health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) among climacteric stage women. Methods: The study had two phases: I. Design and validation of indicators to measure the quality of care process by using the RAND/UCLA Appropriateness Method. II. Evaluation of the quality of care and its association with HR- QoL through a cross-sectional study conducted in two FMC located in Mexico City that included 410 climacteric stage women. The quality of care was measured by estimating the percentage of recommended care received (PRCR) by climacteric stage women in three process components: health promotion, screening, and treatment. The HR-QoL was measured using the Cervantes scale (0-155). The association between quality of care and HR-QoL was estimated through multiple linear regression analysis. Results: The lowest mean of PRCR was for the health promotion component (24.1%) and the highest for the treatment component (86.6%). The mean of HR-QoL was 50.1 points. The regression analysis showed that in the treatment component, for every 10 additional points of the PRCR, the global HR-QoL improved 2.8 points on the Cervantes scale (coefficient -0.28, P < 0.0001). Conclusion: The indicators to measure quality of care for climacteric stage women are applicable and feasible in family medicine settings. There is a positive association between the quality of the treatment component and HR- QoL; this would encourage interventions to improve quality of care for climacteric stage women. Introduction The climacteric stage is the transition from the repro- ductive to the non-rep roductive period during the life of women [1], and comprises 2-8 years before and after menopause [2]. During the clima cteric stage, the decline in ovarian hormones and aging contribute to the appearance of climacteric symptoms, decrease in bone mass density, and increase in chronic diseases [2]. This complex scenario may negatively affect the woman’s healt h-related quality of life (HR-QoL) [3] and increases her need for health services [4]. The definition of HR-QoL is as follows: “the perception of a person about his/her physical and psychological health, level of independence and social relationships” [5]. HR -QoL is a proxy for health status, and an outcome variable of epi- demiological, clinical, and health systems research stu- dies; it is also an independent predictor for the analysis of the use and cost of health services [6,7]. Measuring the HR-Q oL is relevant during the Hãy tìm tự do cá nhân được thể hiện trong cuộc sống gia đình người Mỹ Nói đến tự do trong gia đình của người Mỹ, đây là nét quan trọng và rất khác biệt đối với Việt Nam chúng ta. Tại sao lại như vậy? Tại sao cuộc sống của các thành viên trong gia đình người Mỹ lại có tính độc lập tự do cao? Việt Nam có học hỏi được bài học gì từ đó không? Đây là những vấn đề mà chúng ta cần biết và nên biết. Trước tiên, để hiểu được vấn đề, ta cần có sự nhìn nhận, thấu hiểu rõ vấn đề: như thế nào là sự tự do trong cuộc sống gia đình? Theo tôi nghĩ vấn đề tự do trong gia đình đó chính là sự tôn trọng lẫn nhau giữa các thành viên trong gia đình. Tuy nhiên, trong gia đình, các thành viên có sự góp ý lẫn nhau nhưng quyền quyết định thuộc về quyền của mỗi thành viên trong gia đình. Các thành viên không can thiệp sâu vào đời riêng tư của nhau. Con cái có quyền quyết định cho tương lai của đời mình. Speaking of freedom in the American family, this is a very important feature and different for us Vietnam. Why so? Why are the lives of the members of the American family has the high independence, freedom? Vietnam has learned any lessons from that? These are issues that we need to know and should know. First, to understand the problem, we need to have the recognition, understanding the problem: how is the freedom of family life? I think the issue of freedom of the family that is the mutual respect between family members. However, in family members with input from each other but to decide the rights of each member of your family. Members of non-interference into each other's private life. Children have the right to decide the future of his life. 1. Những vấn đề ảnh hưởng đến tự do cá nhân trong gia đình Tự do cá nhân trong cuộc sống gia đình người Mỹ bắt nguồn từ sự tự do cá nhân. Trong mấy thập niên qua, tại nhiều quốc gia, cuộc sống gia đình đã trải qua nhiều thay đổi tận gốc. Tuy nhiên, tình thế tại Mỹ là khác biệt nhất so với các quốc gia khác. Người Mỹ đã ủng hộ các mô thức mâu thuẫn nhau về cuộc sống bản thân và gia đình. Có mô thức nhấn mạnh tới cam kết chia rẽ cuộc đời với một người khác nhưng lại có mô thức quá nhấn mạnh tới việc phát triển và thăng tiến bản thân. Đây cũng là vấn đề làm ảnh hưởng đến tính tự do trong gia đình người Mỹ. Người Mỹ có tính tự quyết cao. Ngay từ còn nhỏ, họ đã làm quen với phong cách sống độc lập, tự chủ trong cuộc sống. Đa số họ được sống trong một môi trường rất là tốt 1 cả về giáo dục lẫn kinh tế tài chính. Phát luật đã quy định quyền nhân quyền từ rất sớm. Họ đã tiếp nhận và ảnh hưởng sâu sắc đến vấn đề này. 1. The issues affecting individual freedom in the American family Individual liberty in American family life rooted in personal freedom. In recent decades, in many countries, family life has undergone many radical changes. However, the situation is different in America compared to other nations. The United States supported the conflicting paradigms of their own lives and families. There are patterns to emphasize commitment to divide his life with another model but with the emphasis on developing and improving oneself. This is also a problem affecting the freedom of American families. The Americans have high self-determination. Right from childhood, they have become acquainted with the lifestyle of independence, autonomy life. Most of them are living in an environment very well both in education and financial economics. Development rights law has provisions for human rights from an early age. They took over and profound effect on to this problem. Người Mỹ có phong cách sống rất phóng khoáng cả trong tư tưởng, lễ giáo, giáo điều. Họ có thể công nhận cả tình trạng hôn nhân giao ước và hôn nhân đồng tính. Đây là điều hầu như không thể đối với các nước phương Đông nói chung và Việt Nam nói riêng. Chính vì vậy mà vấn đề ly dị từ lâu vốn là một thành phần của văn hóa và nó từng được hợp pháp từ lâu. Đây cũng là yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến vấn đề tự do cá nhân trong gia đình ở Mỹ. INTERNET IN FAMILY LIFE EDUCATION By Zhou Linlin (Bachelor of Law, Peking University) A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SOCIAL SCIENCES (SOCIAL WORK) NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF SINGAPORE 2005 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am grateful to the National University of Singapore for the research scholarship which made this research possible I would like to give my special thanks to my supervisor, Dr Tan Ngoh Tiong for his constant guidance and invaluable support in every stage of this thesis My thanks also go to all the respondents who participated voluntarily in the online survey I am also very grateful to Mrs Wangshu for providing all the technical support for the online survey voluntarily Last but not least, I am grateful to my family members and all my friends for their encouragement and support in my research I Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .I SUMMARY IV CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Rationale for Research Research Problem Why Study Adult Singletons Why Study Full-time Mothers Research Questions Nominal Definitions Family Life Education Needs Singleton CHAPTER II LITERATURE REVIEW 10 Theoretical Framework 10 The Life Course Perspective 10 Framework for Life-Span Family Life Education 13 Helping Models 16 Adult Learning Theory 20 The Internet and Online Social Services 22 Family Life Research in China 25 Research on Singletons 27 CHAPTER III METHODOLOGY 32 Research Methods 32 Sample 33 Procedures 34 Technical Preparation 34 Recruitment of Respondents 36 Data Collection 36 Data Management 37 Data Analysis 37 Observation of BBS 38 Online Focus Group 38 Ethical Issues in the Research 38 II Advantages of the Research Method 39 Limitations of the Research Method 41 CHAPTER IV RESULTS 42 Profile of Respondents 42 Family Life Education Topics 47 Gender Comparisons 51 Age Comparisons 52 Role Comparisons 53 FLE Needs of Adult Singletons 53 FLE Needs of Full-time mothers 56 Regression Analysis 60 CHAPTER V DISCUSSION 64 Potential Audience 64 Interests on Family Life Education Topics 66 FLE Needs of Adult Singletons 71 FLE Needs of Full-time Mothers 74 Implications for Online FLE 76 Implications for Policy 78 Limitations of the Study 80 CHAPTER VI SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS 81 Key Findings and Suggestions 81 Conclusion 85 References 86 Appendix A: Questionnaire (English Version) 100 Appendix B: Questionnaire (Chinese Version) 106 III SUMMARY The overall purpose of this study was to find empirical evidence for providing online family life education to Chinese families This study explored the profile of potential audience, their interests in family life education topics and their Internet experiences with current available family-related websites A combination of both quantitative and qualitative methods was used for the study The sample was recruited from three popular Chinese family-related websites Data were collected through online survey and online focus groups A total of 2,459 valid responses were received within one month The profile of the respondents displayed both similarities and diversities among the users of the three websites The majority of the respondents have a higher education of a diploma and above Few respondents come from low-income families This indicates the existence of the digital divide that Internet access is limited to a higher educated and middle- and high-income ... surge in cohabitation is likely due to the decrease in social stigma pertaining to the practice In a 2010 National Center for Health Statistics survey, only 38 percent of 2/11 Variations in Family. .. 0.29 percent in Wyoming to 4.01 percent in the District of 3/11 Variations in Family Life Columbia (U.S Census 2011) Legal recognition of same-sex couples as spouses is different in each state,... unmarried status, as many women in this category have found success in their education 4/11 Variations in Family Life and careers In general, women feel more independent and more prepared to