Tài liệu Y Dược Huế: tiếng anh guyton 12 song ngu

Một số cụm tiếng Anh dùng khi nêu ý kiến, sự tán đồng hay bất đồng Khi tham gia cuộc thảo luận, sẽ thật hữu dụng khi ta biết các kĩ thuật thu hút sự chú ý của người khác hay tự cho mình thời gian suy nghĩ trong khi sắp xếp ý tưởng. Đây là một số cụm hữu ích khi cần đưa ra ý kiến về vấn đề gì. Thân mật: o If you ask me (Nếu anh hỏi tôi ) o You know what I think? I think that (Anh biết tôi nghĩ gì không? Tôi nghĩ là ) o The point is (Vấn đề là )  Wouldn't you say that ? (Anh sẽ không nói rằng ?)  Don't you agree that ? (Anh có đồng ý là không?)  As I see it (Như tôi hiểu nó )  I'd just like to say that I think that (Tôi chỉ muốn nói tôi nghĩ rằng ) Trang trọng:  I'd like to point out that (Tôi muốn chỉ ra rằng ) Nếu không muốn trình bày ý kiến quá mạnh dẫn đến tranh cãi, bạn có thể diễn đạt ý kiến với ý thăm dò hơn bằng cách dùng các mẫu sau:  I sometimes think that (Đôi khi tôi nghĩ rằng )  Well, I've heard that (À, tôi có nghe là )  Do you think it's right to say that ? (Anh có nghĩ nó đúng khi nói rằng ?)  It's my feeling that (Tôi cảm thấy là ) Khi đồng tình với ý kiến người khác nêu ra, bạn có thể dùng các mẫu sau:  Exactly. (Chính xác)  I couldn't agree more. (Tôi không thể đồng ý hơn.)  That's just what I was thinking. (Đó chính là những gì tôi đang nghĩ.)  You know, that's exactly what I think. (Anh biết đấy, đó chính xác là những gì tôi nghĩ.)  That's a good point. (Thật là một ý hay.) Ngược lại khi không đồng tình bạn sẽ nói:  Yes, that's quite true, but (Ừ, điều đó khá đúng, nhưng )  I'm not sure if I agree (Tôi không chắc là tôi đồng ý )  Well, you have a point there, but (Ừm, anh có ý, nhưng )  Maybe, but don't you think that ? (Có thể, nhưng anh không nghĩ là sao?) Khi quan hệ rất thân thiết, bạn có thể bày tỏ sự không đồng ý thẳng thắn bằng cách dùng:  Are you kidding? (Anh đùa à?)  Don't make me laugh! (Đừng làm tôi mắc cười chứ!)  Come off it! (Thôi đi, đừng có nói như vậy!) Khi bạn chưa hiểu rõ ý người khác muốn nói, bạn có thể dùng những mẫu bên dưới để nhờ họ giải thích rõ hơn.  I didn't follow what you said about (Tôi không theo kịp những gì anh nói về )  Sorry, I don't see what you mean. (Xin lỗi, tôi không hiểu ý anh.)  I don't exactly see what you're getting at. (Tôi không hiểu chính xác những gì anh đang muốn nói.)  What exactly are you trying to tell me? (Chính xác thì anh đang muốn nói với tôi cái gì?) Khi họ đưa ra lời giải thích, họ có thể dùng các cụm sau:  That's not exactly what I mean (Điều đó không thật sự là những gì tôi muốn nói )  Let me put it another way (Để tôi trình bày nó theo cách khác )  Sorry, let me explain (Xin lỗi, để tôi giải thích )  Let me try that again (Để tôi thử lại ) Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology Functional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the “Internal Environment” The Cell and Its Functions Genetic Control of Protein Synthesis, Cell Function, and Cell Reproduction Unit I Unit I Giới thiệu Sinh lý học: Tế bào Và sinh lý học tổng quát Chức Tổ chức thể người kiểm soát “Môi trường nội bộ” Các tế bào chức Kiểm soát gen tổng hợp protein, chức tế bào sinh sản tế bào chapter The goal of physiology is to explain the physical and chemical factors that are responsible for the origin, development, and progression of life Each type of life, from the simple virus to the largest tree or the complicated human being, has its own functional characteristics Therefore, the vast field of physiology can be divided into viral physiology, bacterial physiology, cellular physiology, plant physiology, human physiology, and many more subdivisions Human Physiology.  In human physiology, we attempt to explain the specific characteristics and mechanisms of the human body that make it a living being The very fact that we remain alive is the result of complex control systems, for hunger makes us seek food and fear makes us seek refuge Sensations of cold make us look for warmth Other forces cause us to seek fellowship and to reproduce Thus, the human being is, in many ways, like an automaton, and the fact that we are sensing, feeling, and knowledgeable beings is part of this automatic sequence of life; these special attributes allow us to exist under widely varying conditions Cells as the Living Units of the Body The basic living unit of the body is the cell Each organ is an aggregate of many different cells held together by intercellular supporting structures Each type of cell is specially adapted to perform one or a few particular functions For instance, the red blood cells, numbering 25 trillion in each human being, transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues Although the red cells are the most abundant of any single type of cell in the body, there are about 75 trillion additional cells of other types that perform functions different from those of the red cell The entire body, then, contains about 100 trillion cells Although the many cells of the body often differ markedly from one another, all of them have certain basic characteristics that are alike For instance, in all cells, oxygen reacts with carbohydrate, fat, and protein to release the energy required for cell function Further, the general chemical mechanisms for changing nutrients into energy are basically the same in all cells, and all cells deliver end products of their chemical reactions into the surrounding fluids Almost all cells also have the ability to reproduce additional cells of their own kind Fortunately, when cells of a particular type are destroyed, the remaining cells of this type usually generate new cells until the supply is replenished Extracellular Fluid—The “Internal Environment” About 60 percent of the adult human body is fluid, mainly a water solution of ions and other substances Although most of this fluid is inside the cells and is called intracellular fluid, about one third is in the spaces outside the cells and is called extracellular fluid This extracellular fluid is in constant motion throughout the body It is transported rapidly in the circulating blood and then mixed between the blood and the tissue fluids by diffusion through the capillary walls In the extracellular fluid are the ions and nutrients needed by the cells to maintain cell life Thus, all cells live in essentially the same environment—the extracellular fluid For this reason, the extracellular fluid is also called the internal environment of the body, or the milieu intérieur, a term introduced more than 100 years ago by the great 19th-century French physiologist Claude Bernard Cells are capable of living, growing, and performing their special functions as long as the proper concentrations of oxygen, glucose, different ions, amino acids, fatty substances, and other constituents are available in this internal environment Differences Between Extracellular and Intra­ cellular Fluids.  The extracellular fluid contains large amounts of sodium, chloride, and bicarbonate ions plus nutrients for the cells, such as oxygen, glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids It also contains carbon dioxide that is Unit I Functional Organization of the Human Body and Control of the “Internal Environment” chapter Mục tiêu sinh lý học để giải thích yếu tố vật lý hóa học chịu trách nhiệm nguồn gốc, phát triển tiến triển sống Mỗi loại sống, từ virus đơn giản đến lớn người phức tạp, có đặc điểm chức riêng Do đó, lĩnh vực sinh lý học rộng lớn chia thành sinh lý học vi khuẩn, sinh lý học vi khuẩn, sinh lý tế bào, sinh lý học thực vật, sinh lý học người, nhiều phân ngành khác Sinh lý người Trong sinh lý học người, cố gắng giải thích đặc tính chế cụ thể thể người làm cho trở thành sinh vật sống Sự thật sống kết hệ thống kiểm soát phức tạp, ...Học từ vựng tiếng Anh qua các thành ngữ về thời gian Hôm nay, tôi xin chia sẻ với các bạn một phương pháp học từ vựng tiếng Anh thật hiệu quả qua các thành ngữ về thời gian. Hi vọng nó sẽ giúp bổ sung thêm vào vốn từ vựng của bạn. Các thành ngữ sử dụng để diễn tả việc thiếu thời gian Lack of time: thiếu thời gian 1. pressed for time : không có nhiều thời gian Eg: I'm a bit pressed for time at the moment. Do you mind if we have the meeting tomorrow? Tôi không có nhiều thời gian vào lúc này. Anh có phiền nếu chúng ta họp mặt vào ngày mai không? 2. run out of time : không còn thời gian nữa Eg: We've run out of time on this project. Chúng tôi không còn thời gian cho dự án này nữa. 3. a race against time : cuộc chạy đua với thời gian Eg: The villagers raced against time to protect their town against the flood Người dân đang chạy đua với thời gian để bảo vệ ngôi làng của họ khỏi cơn lũ này. 4. no time to lose : không có thời gian để lãng phí Eg: There's no time to lose. We've got to get going. Không còn thời gian để lãng phí nữa. Chúng ta phải vào cuộc thôi. Have enough time (Có đủ thời gian) 1. have all the time in the world : có nhiều thời gian Eg: You don't need to hurry. We have got all the time in the world. Anh không cần phải vội vàng. Chúng tôi có rất nhiều thời gian. 2. have spare(free) time = có thời gian rảnh Eg: What do you do in your spare time? Cô làm gì trong thời gian rảnh của mình? 3. have time on sb's hands / time to kill : quá nhiều thời gian Eg: Now that her children are all at school, she has a lot of time on her hands Lũ trẻ đang ở trường nên cô ta có rất nhiều thời gian rảnh. 4. take your time : cứ bình tĩnh Eg: Take your time answering the question. Cứ bình tĩnh trả lời câu hỏi. 5. in your own time: làm điều gì mà không cần lo về thời gian Eg: I'll fix the car in my own time! Tôi sẽ sửa xe mà không phải vội! 6. make good time : làm điều gì đó nhanh hơn bạn nghĩ Eg: We made good time. It only took us an hour to get here. Chúng tôi đã hoàn thành nhanh chóng. Chỉ mất một tiếng là chúng tôi đến đây thôi. 7. time on your side : trẻ và còn nhiều thời gian ở phía trước Eg: You've got time on your side, so you shouldn't feel pressured into making a career decision now. Bạn còn nhiều thời gian ở phía trước, vì vậy bạn không nên cảm thấy bị áp lực khi ra quyết định cho sự nghiệp bây giờ. Đừng quên thực hành những thành ngữ về thời gian trong những buổi học tại CELI nhé! TÀI LIỆU BỒI DƯỠNG HSG KHỐI 12 I. Choose the best word from A, B, C or D that fits each blank. 1. The hotel room was furnished with only a bed, a wardrobe, and an ancient armchair. A. thinly B. sparsely C. lightly D. sketchily 2. The main disadvantage to our house is that the only to the garden is through a bedroom. A. passage B. doorway C. access D. communication 3. The demonstrations in one hundred students being arrested. A. culminated B. erupted C. escalated D. concluded 4. Although he was a hardened criminal, his one feature was his love of children. A. saving B. redeeming C. recovering D. acquitting 5. Following the accident, he was prosecuted for driving. A. rash B. heedless C. irresponsible D. reckless 6. In many places in Wales we found that place-names in English had been with green paint – the work of ardent Welsh Nationalists. A. suppressed B. disguised C. obliterated D. destroyed 7. She took up so many hobbies when she retired that she had hardly any time A. on her hands B. in hand C. at her hand D. at hand 8. He was hardened criminal without a scrap of for his crimes. A. pity B. reproach C. remorse D. penance 9. We might just as well have stayed at home the enjoyment we had. A. on account of B. as far as C. for all D. concerning 10. Don’t stick your elbows out when you eat. them in by your sides. A. tuck B. bend C. place D. turn 11. Nothing was arranged – it was all very . A. take away B. worn out C. slapdash D. slap up 12. She gave me the same advice you did. A. like B. than C. as D. who 13. He was with an extraordinary musical ability. A. ensured B. entrusted C. entreated D. endowed 14. Not being able to find my phone number is a pretty excuse for not contacting me. A. fragile B. frail C. feedble D. faint 15. Fearing for his life, he the muggers for mercy. A. pleaded B. petitioned C. urged D. begged 16. I am sorry to have bothered you – I was under the that you wanted me to call you. A. mistake B. miscalculation C. misconception D. misapprehension 17. A special committee was set up to on the problem of football hooliganism. A. investigate B. inform C. research D. report 18. After the flash flood, all the drains were overflowing storm water. A. from B. with C. by D. for 19. The factory is working below because of the shortage of essential materials. A. range B. scope C. capacity D. density 20. If the work-force respected you, you wouldn’t need to your authority so often. A. assert B. affirm C. maintain D. inflict 21. I’ve had my car examined three times now but no mechanic has been able to the problem. A. pinpoint B. focus C. specify D. highlight 22. Our hosts had prepared a meal withseven courses to celebrate our arrival. A. generous B. profuse C. lavish D. spendthrift 23. I explained that I wanted to my legal right to consult a solicitor. A. entertain B. exercise C. grant D. insist 1 24. We were all rather in awe the new computers when they arrived. A. about B. before C. by D. of 25. The case was by the judge for lack of evidence. A. disallowed B. dismissed C. abandoned D. discarded 26. Once she’s a few tears she’ll resign herself to the situation. A. shed B. split C. sobbed D. released 27. the regular written work, you will be required to submit a long essay. A. Apart from B. Beside C. In addition D. Beyond 28. the difficulty of the task, I shall be lucky to complete it by May. A. Regarding B. Given C. Presuming D. Accepted 29. He was so in answer to my questions that I knew he has something to hide. A. effusive B. elusive C. allusive D. evasive 30. There is no for hard work and perseverance if you want to succeed. A. alternative B. substitute C. equivalent D. imitation 31. People in this village have got an appetite for now. A. inexorable B. inevitable C. insatiable D. inedible 32. Hardly had he §Ò luyÖn thi tèt nghiÖp Sè 1– I. Choose one word that has different pronunciation from others. 1. a. play b. today c. radio d. manage 2. a. afraid b. mistake c. appointment d. organism 3. a. different b. contribute c. tiny d. investigate 4. a. shortage b. manage c. village d. animal 5. a. export b. method c. provide d. information II. Choose the underlined words that must be corrected. 1. If the question were not so difficult, I will be able to answer it. 2. He didn’t get the job despite of his experience in the field. A B C D 3. If I were you, I didn’t buy that old building A B C D 4. I get a bad mark. I wish I did my homework last night. A B C D 5. Some mistakes were made in the brochure, but they might corrected before you get back. A B C D 6. His brother can’t walk to work now because his broken leg. A B C D 7. I will tell John about it when I will see him this afternoon. A B C D 8. The teacher said the class that hot air rises and cold air sinks. A B C D 9. Sundy called from Miami during the storm and said she was swimming here A B C D 10. The house painted more than 3 years ago, but I’m not going to have it done. A B C D III. Choose the best answer. 16. My brother is interested in doing research.…… a. scientific b. science c. scientist d. scientifically 17. If there weren’t the pull of the earth, everyone of the same weight.… a. would be b. is c. will be d. are 18. Mary: “ I’m going to play tennis today” (a week later) Peter: “ Mary said that she was going to play tennis ”… a. that day b. today c. tomorrow d. this day 19. We must our forests and woodlands for future generations.… a. conserving b. conserve c. conservation d. conservational 20. The old building is in a good state of except for the wooden floors.… a. preserving b. preserve c. preservation d. preserved 21. is the great mass of salt water that covers most of the Earth’s surface.… a. River b. Lake c. Pond d. Ocean 22. There are many . between living in a city and living in a country.… a. difference b. differently c. differences d. different 23. Last month, our class made a two-day . to Yen Tu pagoda.… a. travel b. excursion c. flight d. voyage 24. The nature of language is the documentary programme 15.15 VTV2… … a. at/on b. on/at c. at/ in d. in/at 25. The . of my village has changed a lot due to the introduction of technology.… a. method b. lifestyle c. villagers d. crops IV. Read the following passage then choose the best answer. There is much more water than land on the . of the earth. The seas and oceans cover nearly .of the whole… … world, and only one-fifth of land. If you traveled over the earth in different directions, you would have to spend… . more of your time on water than on roads or railways. We sometimes forget that for every mile of land . four… … … miles of water. There is so much water on the surface of our earth that we .to use two words to describe. We use the word… SEAS .those parts of water surface which . only a few hundreds of miles wide, the word OCEANS to describe the… … huge area of water are thousands of miles wide and very deep.… 26. a. cover b. surface c. outer d. outside 27. a. four- fives b. four-fifth c. four- fifths d. fourth-fifths 28. a. it is b. it’s c. its d. them are 29. a. many b. much c. few d. too 30. a. to move b. move c. moved d. moving 31. a. there are b. there is c. there has d. have 32. a. must b. should c. have d. would 33. a. describing b. describes c. describe d. to describe 34. a. is b. are c. has d. will be 35. a. that’s b. which c. where d. whose V. Read the following passage then choose the best answer. Ordinary houses are full of hazardous waste. The most important hazardous waste in the homes is batteries. When you throw them out with your other garbage, they break open at the landfill. The poison inside them moves through rain water and other liquids to the bottom of the landfill. Then it can pollute the natural water in the ground. We should use rechargeable batteries. Another hazardous TÀI LIỆU BỒI DƯỠNG HSG KHỐI 12 I. VOCABULARY I. Use the correct form of each of the words given in parentheses to fill in the blank in each sentence. Exercise 1. 1. The unresponsive audience made the lecturer somewhat (heart). What a same. 2. She’s quite an (eye)! 3. His family suffered from his (expend). 4. The (edit) staff consists of ten experienced journalists. 5. This leads to more pressure being put on the (adequate) public transport system. 6. Switzerland is a (mountain) country. 7. The nineteenth-century faith in the power of science is now very (question). 8. A person with an (inferior) complex can be very disagreeable. 9. There was loud (laugh) as the clown fell off the ladder. 10. Although he is now middle-aged, he still looks quite (youth). Exercise 2. 1. Alison’s (shy) made it hard for her to speak in public. 2. He had the (annoy) habit of borrowing books and then fogetting to return them. 3. Remind me of my appointment. I am (forget). 4. For one who has spent his life in town, a trip into the mountains could prove an (forget) experience. 5. He had been (expect) delayed at the office and was now in a hurry to keep his (appoint) with the dentist. 6. Recently health foods have increased in (popular). 7. The old lady hid all her (save) under the floor. 8. The gas from the chemical factory was extremely (harm). 9. Unless something is done about unemployment, the (look) for the future is not good. 10. The (conclude) is that the plan will fail. Exercise 3. 1. Bill was given a medal in (recognise) of his services. 2. All (apply) must be received before July 20 th 2007. 3. Karen and Catherine are (identity) twins. 4. You look rather (occupy). Are you worried about something? 5. I’m sure that the whole problem is a simple (understand). 6. Going swimming everyday would have very (benefit) effects. 7. It’s much more (economy) to buy large size packets. 8. My ankle is really (swell) and I can’t walk easily. 9. The government’s (compromise) approach has brought criticism. 10. The meeting adopted a (resolve) calling for Smith to resign. Exercise 4. 1. Please (know) our letter of the 14 th . We have not had a reply. 2. Keith’s exam results turned out to be (disaster). 3. There will be no pay rises in the (see) future. 4. Jim is one of the most (speak) members of the committee. 5. What are the entry (require) at this university? 6. Jackie suffered as a child from a very strict (bring). 7. I think that your (assume) about the cost are wrong. 8. This statue (memory) the soldiers who died in the war. 1 9. The idea that the sun ‘rises’ is a popular (conceive). 10. Ruth has gone back to college to get a teaching (qualify). Exercise 5. 1. The villages in the mountains are quite (access) during winter. 2. The inquiry decided that the police were not entirely (blame). 3. Sam was accused of stealing some (confidence) documents from the safe. 4. You do not have to go. Your decision must be entirely (volunteer). 5. How do you like my latest (acquire) for my stamp collection? 6. The minister gave (evade) answers to the interviewer’s questions. 7. The two prisoners are to be (trial) next month. 8. Most people agree that Cristmas has become too (commerce). 9. The dancer’s movements were extremely (grace). 10. The cost of (admit) to the show is quite reasonable. Exercise 6. 1. People used to suffer from their life-time physical (normal). 2. Unless we do research on (sun) energy, wind power, (tide) power , our fossil fuels will run out. 3. In my opinion, this book is just (intellect) rubbish. 4. The alpine (land) is very dramatic. 5. The slight (form) in his left hand was corrected by surgery. 6. It may be (produce) to force them into making a decision, and if you upset them they’re quite likely to overact. ... physiology can be divided into viral physiology, bacterial physiology, cellular physiology, plant physiology, human physiology, and many more subdivisions Human Physiology. In human physiology,... cho thy mi ln mỏu chy qua c th, nú cng chy qua phi Mỏu s ly oxy ph nang, ú ly c oxy cn thit cho t bo Mng t bo v phi mng mao mch phi, dy ch dy 0,4 n 2,0 micromet, v oxy hũa tan nhanh qua chuyn ng... I Introduction to Physiology: The Cell and General Physiology system regulates many muscular and secretory activities of the body, whereas the hormonal system regulates many metabolic functions