Fundamentals of Logistics

This ebook licensed to H DH DH DH D. Unauthorized reproduction or distribution of this ebook is illegal. 21BD1AF1-BA62-4ACF-868F-588A423B525B A complete professional course for artistsBarrington Barber 21BD1AF1-BA62-4ACF-868F-588A423B525B This edition published in 2006 by Arcturus Publishing Limited 26/27 Bickels Yard, 151–153 Bermondsey Street, London SE1 3HACopyright © 2006 Arcturus Publishing LimitedAll rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in aretrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means,electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise,without written permission in accordance with the provisionsof the Copyright Act 1956 (as amended). Any person or personswho do any unauthorised act in relation to this publication maybe liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.ISBN-13: 978-1-84193-448-8ISBN-10: 1-84193-448-8Printed in China 21BD1AF1-BA62-4ACF-868F-588A423B525B ContentsIntroduction 6Getting started 8Drawing still life in colour 56Landscape 78Animals 98The human figure 114Portraits 144Drapery 166Composition and colour 178Significant colours 194Index 208 21BD1AF1-BA62-4ACF-868F-588A423B525B 6‘Drawing in colour’ is a slightly unusual title, because the obviouscomment is, ‘How does that differ from painting?’ Well, in thisbook I examine no fewer than four methods of drawing invarious colour mediums, only one of which is connected withpainting. I will be showing examples – and how to go about them– of drawing in coloured pencil, pastel or crayon, coloured inksand watercolour painting, which can be heavily conditioned by drawing.It is very easy to get confused by the many techniques ofintroducing colour into the already complex area of drawing intone, line and texture. I believe the solution is to approach it asthough learning to draw afresh. Understanding colour is quite acomplex affair, and the book begins by assuming that readers willbenefit from an introduction to the basics of colour theory. Thisneed not delay you, however, because even if it is not whollygrasped at once, the simple practice of applying colour in yourdrawings will provide you with valuable experience, leading youto work out tonal values to your own satisfaction. And pleasedon’t believe that there is only one correct way; try out everyvariation that occurs to you while working, and you may discoveryet more interesting ways of manipulating colour schemes.I have set as many exercises in the use of colour as seemedpractical, and have tried to include all the really essentialmethods. You will find it useful to look at the work of otherartists, both living and dead, and to observe how they worked outthe chromatic schemes in their own pictures. Some are exponentsof very subtle and restrained values, while others are far morevibrant or strident in the way they use their pigments. The keyalways seems to come down to two things: first, harmony; andsecond, contrast. Of course, all artists have used both at sometime in their careers, but they often have a Prof Dr Klaus-Michael Fortmann Slides for the course Fundamentals of Logistics Fachhochschule Gelsenkirchen Fachbereich Wirtschaft Standort Gelsenkirchen Special thanks for my colleagues Mrs Dipl Kauffrau Angela Kallweit and Miss Dipl.Betr.wirt Angela Büttner, who helped me developing parts of the german version! halotit.ppt Fundamentals of Logistics Weekly Semester Hour Lecturer: Prof Dr Klaus-Michael Fortmann Aim of unit and content: Logistics is the process of planning, implementing, and controlling the efficient, cost-effective of raw materials, in-process inventory, finished goods, and related information from the point of origin to the point of consumption for the purpose of conforming to customer requirements The objectives of this course are to provide the student with: • the basic-terms, concepts and principles of logistics, • the information, how components of logistics interrelate and interface with other functions of the firm, • the traditional logistics functions such as customer service, transportation, warehousing, and inventory management, • analytical tools for solving logistics problems and • the most important key data (key performance indicators KPI) which are used to ensure the efficiency and effectiveness of logistics processes Method: A combination of lecture, class discussions, logistics-videos and excursions to firms Literature: Schulte, Christof: Logistik, München, 1999 ; Fortmann/Kallweit: Logistik, Stuttgart 2000 Douglas M Lambert, James R Stock, Lisa M Ellram, Fundamentals of Logistics Management, Boston etc 1998, ISBN 0-07-115752-2; Richard J Tersine, Principals of Inventory and Materials Management, London 1994, ISBN 0-13-126484-2 " Fundamentals of Logistics " - Definition of Terms - Definition of Logistics Logistics define the integrated planning, realising, usage and control of • all kinds of transport processes, • the storage of goods and • the corresponding information processes within companies and between companies Information Order flow Requirements planning I Production planning I I Purchase order quantity planning I Purchase order I = Information Materials flow Client T Warehouse T = Transport T Production T Warehouse T Supplier " Fundamentals of Logistics " - Definition of Terms - Definition of Logistics: Explanations A system contains subsystems An integrated system is characterized by the fact, that the subsystems are connected by adapted interfaces (physically, by information technology or both) With reference to logistics this means: Entire system = company logistics Subsystems: procurement logistics, in-house logistics resp production logistics, distribution logistics, reverse logistics Integrated planning: Logistics must be planned in context to all subsystems, i.e all interfaces shall work well together Realisation: building of logistic facilities (warehouses, materials flow systems), organisation of logistic processes, design and programming of logistic ITSystems (PPC production planning and control system, MPC merchandise ); Materials flow: In a broader sense all processes of transportation are subject of logistic concepts, i.e as well the transportation of men (train, ship, plane) " Fundamentals of Logistics " - Definition of Terms Definition of Logistics: Explanations Relations between flow of information and materials flow: examples Opposite flow of information against the material flow Concurrent flow of information: reference manual, invoice, delivery order, consignment note (way bill), freight list Advance flow of information: lists of announced deliveries (package numbers) (Packstücknummern), order confirmation (or acknowledgement) Onward flow of information: invoice with separate mail " Fundamentals of Logistics " - Definition of Terms - Sphere of Influence Converting Industry/Manufacturing Industry of Logistics Purchasing Production Selling Purchasing Selling Primary Industry Cycle of Logistics Transforming Selling Recycling Collecting Recycling Industry loingb06.ppt Commerce Selling Mining Raw Materials Storage Final Consumer " Fundamentals of Logistics " - Definition of Terms - Hints on the german law of closed loop materials economy (Kreislaufwirtschaftsgesetz KrWG) Priority: • Avoiding of waste is better than • Recycling of waste is better than • Elimination of waste Therefore the law says that in the year 2010 all rests of consumptiom must be returned into a closed loop of materials The logistics in this context has a lot of tasks " Fundamentals of Logistics " - Aims Main Aim of Logistics: Optimisation the Efficiency of Logistics Efficiency of Logistics = Output/Input Ratio of the Logistics System System Input: Valued Factor Input • Costs of Inventory • Costs of Storage • Costs of Handling • Costs of Control • Costs of System • Costs of Transp Logistics System: Logistics of Company Personnel and Equipment in the Areas • Procurement Logist • Production Logistics • Distribution Logist • Reverse Logistics System Output: The "R" of Logistics • ...function loc_iir()% Chi tieu ky thuat cua bo loc so:wp =0.2*pi; % digital Passband freq in Hzws =0.3*pi; % digital Stopband freq in HzRp = 1; % Passband ripple in dBAs = 15; % Stopband attenuation in dB% Chi tieu ky thuat cua bo loc tuong tu: Anh xa nguocT = 1; Fs =1/T; % Dat T=1OmegaP = (2/T)*tan(wp/2);OmegaS = (2/T)*tan(ws/2);% Tinh toan bo loc tuong tu:[cs, ds] = afd_chb1(OmegaP,OmegaS,Rp,As);% Bien doi song tuyen:[b,a] = bilinear(cs,ds,Fs);%[db,mag,pha,grd,w] = freqz_m1(b,a);%plotfigure(37); clf;%subplot(2,2,1); plot(w/pi,mag);axis([0,1,0,1.2]); gridtitle('Amplitude Response');xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('|Hr(w)|');%subplot(2,2,3); plot(w/pi,db);axis([0,1,-30,10]); gridtitle('Magnitude Response');xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Decibels');%subplot(2,2,2); plot(w/pi,pha/pi);axis([0,1,-1,1]); gridtitle('Phase Response');xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Angle(Hr(w))');%subplot(2,2,4); plot(w/pi,grd);axis([0,1,0,15]); gridtitle('Group Delay');xlabel('frequency in pi units'); ylabel('Samples'); function [db,mag,pha,grd,w] = freqz_m1(b,a)% Phien ban sua doi cua ham freqz% -------------------------------------% db = Do lon tuong doi theo dB tren doan tu 0 den pi% mag = Do lon tuyet doi tren doan tu 0 den pi% pha = Dap ung pha tren doan tu 0 den pi% grd = Tre nhom tren doan tu 0 den pi% w = Cac mau tan so doan tu 0 den pi% b = Cac he so da thuc tu so cua H(z) (voi FIR: b=h)% a = Cac he so da thuc mau so cua H(z)(voi FIR: a=[1]) [H,w] = freqz(b,a,1000,'whole');H = (H(1:1:501))';w = (w(1:1:501))';mag = abs(H);db = 20*log10((mag+eps)/max(mag));pha = angle(H);grd = grpdelay(b,a,w); 0 0.5 100.51Amplitude Responsefrequency in pi units|Hr(w)|0 0.5 1-30-20-10010Magnitude Responsefrequency in pi unitsDecibels0 0.5 1-1-0.500.51Phase Responsefrequency in pi unitsAngle(Hr(w))0 0.5 1051015Group Delayfrequency in pi unitsSamples SaigonCTT , ,SSP 123 Truong Dinh street District 3 HochiMinh CityVietnamFundamentals of LinuxLEU-118Student Guide Linux Computing Environment 1Objectives , :Upon completion of this module you should be able to• List the four main components of a computer• Describe the three main components of the Linux operating system• Identify the three most common shells in the Linux system• , ,Distinguish between the multitasking multiuser and distributed processing capabilities of the Linux systemDiscussion – Several different components work together to make up a computer system .and a networked environment What are some of these components?Introduction to Linux & .The UNIX operating system was originally developed at AT T Bell Labs in 1969 .It was created as a tool set by programmers for programmers The early source code .was made available to universities all over the country Programmers at the University of California at Berkeley made significant modifications to the original ( ) .source code and called it BSD Berkeley Software Distribution UNIX They sent this new version of the UNIX environment to other programmers around , .the country who then added tools and code as they saw fit Possibly the most important advance made to the software by the programmers at Berkeley was the addition of networking software which allowed the operating system to function in ( ).a local area network LAN - , ,Linux is a UNIX like operting system developed by Linus Torvalds a student at ,Helsinki University in Finland .in 1991 I , ,t is a modern flexible mature and free . ,operating system Although it started life on the Intel platform it has since been , , ,ported to many other platforms such as Amiga DEC Alpha Apple Power PC Sun , . :workstations and others Linux boasts many other features • Multitasking . .Linux is a true preemptive multitasking operating system All processes run independently of each other and leave processor management to .the kernel• Symmetrical multiprocessing . .Linux currently scales up to 16 processors• Networking . .Linux supports a multitude of networking protocols• Multiuser . .Linux handles multiple users at one time logged on to a machine• Advanced memory management . Traditional UNIX systems use swapping to ,manage memory where the entire memory structure of a program is written to . ,disk when the system is running low on memory Linux uses paging a method that intelligently allocates memory when system memory is running low by .prioritizing memory tasks• POSIX support . -POSIX defines a minimum interface for UNIX type . . .operating systems Linux currently supports POSIX 1003 1 This ensures that - .POSIX compliant UNIX programs will port easily to Linux• Multiple file systems . ,Linux supports several different file system formats / , / , .including DOS Windows OS 2 and Novell formats This makes .interoperability a reality between operating systemsMain Components of a Computer The four main components of a computer are the r andom a ccess m ( ),emory RAM the c entral p rocessing u ( ),nit CPU the i /nput o ( / ),utput I O and the hard disk or ptg8286261 ptg8286261Praise for Learning JavaScript“Between modern web interfaces, server side technologies, and HTML5 games, JavaScript has never been a more important or versatile tool. To anyone just starting out with JavaScript or looking to deepen their knowledge of the practical core of the language, I would highly recommend Learning JavaScript.”—Evan Burchard, Independent Web Developer“Although I’ve read a couple of books about JavaScript before, as a backend developer, I was thrilled to see Tim Wright’s Learning JavaScript. 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Fundamentals of Logistics " - Definition of Terms - Definition of Logistics Logistics define the integrated planning, realising, usage and control of • all kinds of transport processes, • the storage of. .. Valued Factor Input • Costs of Inventory • Costs of Storage • Costs of Handling • Costs of Control • Costs of System • Costs of Transp Logistics System: Logistics of Company Personnel and Equipment