Discovering the life span 2nd edition feldman test bank

Chapter The Start of Life: Prenatal Development 2-1 What is the name of the new cell formed by the process of fertilization? a) b) c) d) sperm zygote ovum gametes Answer: b Page: 43 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-2 What is the basic unit of genetic information? a) b) c) d) zygote sperm gene gametes Answer: c Page: 43 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-3 The male reproductive cell is called a(n) a) b) c) d) sperm ovum gametes zygote Answer: a Page: 42 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-4 The female reproductive cell is called the a) b) c) d) gamete sperm zygote ovum Answer: d Page: 42 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-5 About an hour or so after the sperm enters the ovum, the two gametes suddenly fuse, becoming one cell called a 57 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved a) b) c) d) chromosome ovum zygote genes Answer: c Page: 43 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-6 The potential for the vast diversity of human beings primarily resides in the nature of the processes that underlie cell division a) b) c) d) sperm ovum chromosome gamete Answer: d Page: 43 Level: Difficult Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-7 Male and female reproductive cells are also known as a) b) c) d) gametes zygotes genes chromosomes Answer: a Page: 43 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-8 The blueprints for creating a person are stored and communicated in our a) b) c) d) zygote genes gametes ovum Answer: b Pages: 43 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-9 Name the substance that genes are composed of that determines the nature of each cell in the body and how it will function a) b) c) chromosomes gametes zygotes 58 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved d) DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) Answer: d Page: 43 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-10 What is the name of the rod-shaped portions of DNA that are organized in 23 pairs? a) b) c) d) genes gametes chromosomes ovum Answer: c Page: 43 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-11 All genes are composed of specific sequences of _ molecules a) b) c) d) DNA zygote ovum sperm Answer: a Page: 43 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-12 Genes are arranged in specific locations and in a specific order along chromosomes a) b) c) d) 52 23 46 54 Answer: c Page: 43 Level: Difficult Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-13 Rod-shaped chromosomes, portions of DNA, are organized in pairs a) b) c) d) 52 23 46 54 Answer: b Page: 43 Level: Difficult Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 59 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved 2-14 The chromosomes in the new zygote contain the genetic blueprint that will guide cell activity for the rest of the individual’s life a) b) c) d) 52 46 54 32 Answer: b Page: 43 Level: Difficult Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-15 The process of _ accounts for the replication of most types of cells, so nearly all the cells of the body will contain the same 46 chromosomes as the zygote a) b) c) d) meiosis cell division mitosis reproduction Answer: c Pages: 44 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-16 When gametes are formed in the human body, this is called a) b) c) d) division meiosis mitosis genetic instruction Answer: b Page: 44 Level: Difficult Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-17 The ultimate outcome of meiosis, in combination with other processes, is tens of _ of genetic combinations a) b) c) d) billions millions thousands trillions Answer: d Page: 44 Level: Difficult Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-18 Twins who are genetically identical are called twins a) gamete 60 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved b) c) d) monozygotic dizygotic zygote Answer: b Page: 44 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-19 Jason and Justin are twins and are genetically identical They are twins a) b) c) d) gamete dizygotic monozygotic zygote Answer: c Page: 44 Level: Medium Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-20 Any differences in future development of monozygotic twins can be attributed only to _ factors a) b) c) d) genetic chromosome environmental DNA Answer: c Page: 44 Level: Medium Type: Conceptual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-21 Twins who are produced when two separate ova are fertilized by two separate sperm at roughly the same time are called twins a) b) c) d) dizygotic monozygotic gamete zygote Answer: a Page: 44 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-22 Evan and Evelyn are twins but are not genetically identical They are twins a) b) c) d) gamete dizygotic monozygotic zygote 61 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved Answer: b Page: 44 Level: Medium Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-23 twins are no more genetically similar than two siblings born at different times a) b) c) d) Dizygotic Monozygotic Gamete Zygotic Answer: a Page: 44 Level: Medium Type: Conceptual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-24 Which of the following are NOT likely to have multiple births? a) b) c) d) older women women who take fertility drugs families in which multiple births runs in the family younger women Answer: d Page: 44 Level: Medium Type: Conceptual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-25 Multiple births have _ in the last 25 years due to fertility drugs and the rising average age of mothers giving birth a) b) c) d) decreased remained the same increased varied up and down Answer: c Page: 44 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-26 The 23rd pair of chromosomes in males contains the _- shaped chromosome a) b) c) d) XX XY YX YY Answer: b Page: 44 Level: Difficult Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-27 If the child has an XX pairing on the 23rd chromosome, the child will be 62 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved a) b) c) d) male monozygotic dizygotic female Answer: d Page: 44 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-28 The fact that the determines the gender of the child is leading to the development of techniques that will allow parents to increase the chances of choosing the child’s gender a) b) c) d) woman’s ovum man’s sperm chromosome type chromosome similarity Answer: b Page: 45 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-29 The one trait that is expressed when two competing traits are present is called a) b) c) d) recessive genotype dominant phenotype Answer: c Page: 45 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-30 A trait within an organism that is present but not expressed is called a) b) c) d) dominant genotype phenotype recessive Answer: d Page: 45 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-31 An observable trait, the trait that is actually seen, is labeled a) b) c) d) dominant recessive a genotype a phenotype 63 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved Answer: d Page: 45 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-32 The underlying combination of genetic material present (but not outwardly visible) in an organism is called a) b) c) d) a genotype a phenotype dominant recessive Answer: a Page: 45 Level: Difficult Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-33 When a child inherits similar genes for a given trait from his/her parents, the child is said to be for that trait a) b) c) d) genotype homozygous phenotype heterozygous Answer: b Page: 45 Level: Difficult Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-34 Eric has blue eyes Since the gene for blue eyes is recessive, Eric must be for that trait a) b) c) d) genotype homozygous phenotype heterozygous Answer: b Page: 45 Level: Difficult Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-35 When a child receives different forms of a certain gene from his/her parents, he or she is said to be a) b) c) d) dominant phenotype homozygous heterozygous Answer: d Page: 45 Level: Difficult Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 64 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved 2-36 What is the name of the inherited disorder in which a child is unable to make use of an essential amino acid present in proteins found in milk and other foods and that has the potential to cause brain damage and mental retardation? a) b) c) d) heterozygous phenylketonuria (PKU) homozygous chromosome deficiency Answer: b Page: 46 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L02 2-37 In inheritance, a combination of multiple gene pairs is responsible for the production of a particular trait a) b) c) d) X-lined PKU polygenic heterozygous Answer: c Page: 46 Level: Difficult Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L02 2-38 What type of gene is considered recessive and located only on the X chromosome? a) b) c) d) heterozygous X-linked homozygous dominant Answer: b Page: 46 Level: Medium Type: Conceptual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L02 2-39 What is the term applied to studying the effects of heredity on psychological characteristics and behavior? a) b) c) d) gene sequence mapping behavioral genetics human genome Answer: c Page: 47 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L02 2-40 What is the term for the inherited blood-clotting disorder that has been a problem throughout the royal families of Europe, such as the descendants of Queen Victoria? 65 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved a) b) c) d) X-linked PKU disease polygenic inheritance hemophilia Answer: d Page: 46 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L02 2-41 Humans have about genes a) b) c) d) 50,000 25,000 100,000 10,000 Answer: b Page: 47 Level: Difficult Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L02 2-42 Sometimes genes, for no known reason, change their form in a process called a) b) c) d) spontaneous acceleration spontaneous combustion spontaneous mutation spontaneous malformation Answer: c Page: 47 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L02 2-43 Jose has an extra chromosome on the twenty-first pair of chromosomes The disorder was once referred to as mongolism This will cause him to have a) b) c) d) hemophilia fragile X syndrome sickle-cell anemia Down syndrome Answer: d Page: 48 Level: Medium Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L02 2-44 Jamal has an extra chromosome on the twenty-first pair of chromosomes, causing him to have a) b) c) hemophilia fragile X syndrome Down syndrome 66 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved Pages: 46 Level: Medium Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L02 2-294 Briefly explain how mutations can damage the fetus Answer: Genes may become physically damaged due to wear and tear or chance events during the cell division processes of meiosis and mitosis, or may spontaneously change their form in a process called spontaneous mutation When damaged genes are passed on to a fetus, the results can be disastrous in terms of future physical and cognitive development Page: 47 Level: Medium Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L02 2-295 Explain what is meant when researchers say that the role of genetics is to produce a tendency toward a future course of development Answer: When or whether a behavioral characteristic will actually be displayed depends on the nature of the environment in which the person is raised or lives Page: 51 Level: Medium Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L04 2-296 Briefly explain how reproductive technologies are becoming increasingly sophisticated, permitting parents to choose the sex of the baby Answer: One technique is to separate sperm carrying the X and Y chromosome and later implanting the desired type into the woman’s uterus In another technique, eggs are removed from a woman and fertilized with sperm using in vitro fertilization Three days after fertilization, the embryos are tested to determine their sex If they are the desired gender, they are implanted into the mother Page: 62 Level: Difficult Type: Applied Module 2.2: Prenatal Growth and Change Learning Objective: L07 2-297 Briefly explain how the father’s behavior may influence prenatal development Answer: Fathers should avoid smoking because secondhand smoke may affect the mother’s health, which in turn affects the unborn child A father’s smoking has been linked to lower birthweight in babies A father’s use of alcohol and illegal drugs impair sperm and may lead to chromosomal damage that may affect the fetus at conception Use of alcohol and drugs, as well as physical and/or emotional abuse, may increase stress in the mother’s, and therefore the unborn child’s, environment A father’s exposure to environmental toxins, such as lead or mercury, may cause toxins to bind to sperm and cause birth defects Pages: 69 Level: Difficult Type: Applied Module 2.2: Prenatal Growth and Change Learning Objective: L08 126 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved 2-298 Identify and describe some factors affecting the mother’s health that can influence preterm and low-birthweight deliveries, and give a brief description of why these are factors Answer: 1) adequate nutrition; 2) level of prenatal medical care; 3) environmental stress; and 4) economic support Members of racial minorities have disproportionately lower incomes and higher stress The mother’s age (less than 17 or over 34) is a factor due the maturity level of the woman’s reproductive system Whether the woman is married also is a factor with regard to increased stress and lack of financial/economic support, which can bring about low socioeconomic status Multiple prior pregnancies and spontaneous miscarriages can also be a factor in determining whether a mother can carry her baby to full term Low socioeconomic status and lack of financial support can affect the mother’s access to proper nutrition Page: 66-67 Level: Difficult Type: Applied Module 2.2: Prenatal Growth and Change Learning Objective: L08 2-299 What are some of the things that countries other than the U.S provide to decrease their infant mortality rate? Answer: Other countries have a lower percentage of low birthweight and preterm deliveries Other countries not have as high a population living in poverty as the U.S Other countries have better prenatal care, which is low in cost or sometimes free Some other countries have paid maternity leave, which sometimes lasts up to 51 weeks Some other countries have a comprehensive package of services including an obstetrician and midwife In some countries, pregnant women get free transportation to health care and living expenses to stay near the hospital when they are ready to deliver Pages: 82 Level: Medium Type: Applied Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L011 2-300 Briefly describe the meaning of “states of arousal.” Answer: Newborn infants cycle through various states of arousal, including various degrees of sleep and wakefulness that range from deep sleep to great agitation Page: 88 Level: Medium Type: Conceptual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L012 2-301 Discuss some of the important points of social competence and a baby’s ability to imitate behavior Answer: Research from the late 1970s suggests that babies are able to imitate a behavior modeled by an adult if the behavior is something that the infant already performed spontaneously Psychologist Tiffany Field reported that infants could discriminate between basic facial expressions, such as happiness, sadness, and surprise Subsequent research has disproved some of this in that it was found that babies could not demonstrate imitative skills consistently, 127 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved and that they could only produce a single imitative movement such as sticking out the tongue, which may actually be more of an exploratory action Aspects of newborns’ behavior act as forerunners for more formal types of social interactions when they grow and develop Pages: 87-88 Level: Difficult Type: Applied Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L012 TRUE/FALSE 2-302 It is clear that the father’s sperm does not determine the gender of the child Answer: False Page: 44 Level: Easy Type: Conceptual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-303 In the mid-1800s, the Austrian monk Gregor Mendel produced a series of simple experiments of cross-pollination of pea plants Answer: True Page: 45 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-304 Mendel’s pea plant experiments established the existence of dominant and recessive traits Answer: True Page: 45 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-305 Even though a child’s parents both have the recessive gene for PKU, the child only has a 25% chance of inheriting the disorder Answer: True Page: 46 Level: Difficult Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L02 2-306 Relatively few traits are governed by a single pair of genes Most traits are the result of polygenic inheritance Answer: True Page: 46 Level: Medium Type: Conceptual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L02 2-307 Genes vary in terms of their reaction range, which is the potential degree of variation in the actual expression of a trait due to environmental conditions Answer: True Page: 48 Level: Medium Type: Conceptual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L02 2-308 The basics of heredity involve the genetic transmission of characteristics from biological parents to their children 128 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved Answer: True Pages: 45 Level: Easy Type: Conceptual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-309 The field of behavioral genetics specializes in the consequences of heredity on behavior and psychological characteristics Answer: True Page: 42 Level: Easy Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-310 The blood disorder hemophilia is an example of a disease that is produced by X-linked genes Answer: True Page: 46 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L02 2-311 With 25,000 human genes, humans have many more genes than other far less complex organisms Answer: False Page: 47 Level: Medium Type: Conceptual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-312 Scientists have discovered that all humans share 99.9% of the gene sequence Answer: True Page: 47 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-313 The field of behavioral genetics studies psychological disorders, such as depression, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia Answer: True Page: 47 Level: Easy Type: Conceptual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-314 The field of behavioral genetics is a combination of psychology and genetics that studies the effects of genetics on behavior Answer: True Page: 47 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L01 2-315 Sometimes genes, for no known reason, spontaneously change their form, which is a process called spontaneous mutation Answer: True Page: 47 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L02 129 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved 2-316 If a disorder has genetic roots, it means that there were no environmental factors that played a role in the manifestation of the disease Answer: False Page: 47 Level: Medium Type: Conceptual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L02 2-317 Genetic counselors are trained to use a variety of data to help people deal with issues related to inherited disorders, including the age of the mother and the father Answer: True Page: 48 Level: Easy Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L03 2-318 The newest role of genetic counselors involves testing people to identify whether they are susceptible to future disorders because of inherited genetic abnormalities Answer: True Page: 48 Level: Easy Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L03 2-319 Genetic testing does not raise difficult practical and ethical questions Answer: False Page: 50 Level: Easy Type: Conceptual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L03 2-320 Genetic testing can always provide a simple yes or no answer as to whether an individual will be susceptible to a disorder Answer: False Page: 50 Level: Medium Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L03 2-321 As developmental research accumulates, it is becoming apparent that to view behavior as due to either genetic or environmental factors is inappropriate Answer: True Page: 51 Level: Easy Type: Conceptual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L04 2-322 Research on pregnant women who were severely malnourished during famines during World War II found that their children were, on average, unaffected physically or intellectually as adults Answer: True Page: 51 Level: Easy Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L04 2-323 If people eat a diet rich in health foods, it is possible for them to grow beyond their genetically imposed limitations in height Answer: False Page: 52 Level: Easy Type: Applied 130 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L04 2-324 It is the unique interaction of inherited and environmental factors that determines people’s patterns of development Answer: True Page: 55 Level: Easy Type: Conceptual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L04 2-325 One drawback to using nonhumans as research subjects is that we cannot be sure how well the obtained findings can be generalized to people Answer: True Page: 52 Level: Easy Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L04 2-326 Developmental researchers and other scientists study how heredity and the environment work in tandem to create and shape human beings and how that knowledge can be used to improve people’s lives Answer: True Page: 53 Level: Easy Type: Conceptual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L04 2-327 The data from studies of identical twins raised in different environments are always without bias Answer: False Page: 53 Level: Medium Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L04 2-328 The general conclusion among researchers is that virtually all traits, characteristics, and behaviors are the joint result of the combination and interaction of nature and nurture Answer: True Page: 53 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L04 2-329 Dizygotic twins are a good example of the fact that the more genetically similar two people are, the more likely they are to share physical characteristics Answer: False Page: 53 Level: Medium Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L04 2-330 By comparing behavior within pairs of dizygotic twins (fraternal twins) with that of pairs of monozygotic twins (identical twins), researchers can determine if monozygotic twins are more similar on a particular trait, on average, than dizygotic twins Answer: True Pages: 53 Level: Medium Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L04 131 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved 2-331 Obesity does not have a strong genetic component Answer: False Page: 53 Level: Easy Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L05 2-332 Physical characteristics, such as blood pressure, respiration rates, and longevity are not strongly influenced by genetics Answer: False Page: 54 Level: Medium Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L05 2-333 A person’s intelligence is the result of some combination of natural mental ability and environmental opportunity Answer: True Pages: 54 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L05 2-334 Intelligence is a central human characteristic that differentiates humans from other species, and genetics plays a significant role in intelligence Answer: True Pages: 54 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L05 2-335 The IQ scores of dizygotic twins become increasingly similar over the course of time Answer: False Pages: 54 Level: Medium Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L05 2-336 Researchers are 100% confident that differences in behaviors of identical, monozygotic twins are due to differences in their environments Answer: False Page: 54 Level: Medium Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L05 2-337 Developmental psychologist Sandra Scarr suggests that society should be asking what can be done to maximize the intellectual potential of every individual Answer: True Page: 57 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L05 2-338 Humans possess a novelty-seeking gene that affects the production of the brain chemical dopamine, which makes some people more prone to seek out novel situations and to take risks Answer: True Page: 56 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L05 132 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved 2-339 Researchers believe that political attitudes, religious interests, values, and attitudes toward human sexuality not have genetic components Answer: False Page: 56 Level: Medium Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L05 2-340 Because identical, monozygotic twins are identical genetically, any variations in their background must be entirely due to environmental factors Answer: True Pages: 56 Level: Easy Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L05 2-341 The researcher Jerome Kagan suggests that Chinese children enter the world temperamentally calmer, and, therefore, Buddhist philosophical notions of serenity are more in tune with their natural inclinations Answer: True Page: 55 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L05 2-342 Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that runs in families with some families showing an unusually higher incidence than other families Answer: True Page: 57 Level: Easy Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L05 2-343 Data illustrates that genetics alone influence the development of schizophrenia Answer: False Pages: 57 Level: Medium Type: Conceptual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L05 2-344 Inherited genetic factors, environmental influences, structural abnormalities, and chemical imbalances are all factors that contribute to a person developing schizophrenia Answer: True Pages: 57 Level: Medium Type: Conceptual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L05 2-345 A genetically-driven temperament of a child may also evoke environmental influences For example, a child who learns songs easily and sings frequently around the house may prompt a parent to give the child music lessons Answer: True Page: 58 Level: Easy Type: Applied Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L05 2-346 Human characteristics and behavior are a joint outcome of genetic and environmental factors 133 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved Answer: True Page: 58 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.1: Prenatal Development Learning Objective: L05 2-347 The brain becomes sophisticated during the fetal state, and the neurons become coated with an insulating material called myelin that helps speed the transmission of messages from the brain to the rest of the body Answer: True Page: 61 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.2: Prenatal Growth and Change Learning Objective: L06 2-348 A mother’s use of illegal drugs but not legal drugs poses serious risks to the unborn child Answer: False Page: 67-68 Level: Easy Type: Applied Module 2.2: Prenatal Growth and Change Learning Objective: L07 2-349 Increasing evidence suggests that ingestion of even small amounts of alcohol and nicotine by a pregnant mother can disrupt the development of the fetus Answer: True Pages: 68-69 Level: Easy Type: Applied Module 2.2: Prenatal Growth and Change Learning Objective: L07 2-350 Research indicates that fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is now the primary preventable cause of mental retardation Answer: True Page: 68 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.2: Prenatal Growth and Change Learning Objective: L07 2-351 A father’s use of alcohol and illegal drugs has no significant effect upon the development of the fetus Answer: False Pages: 69 Level: Easy Type: Applied Module 2.2: Prenatal Growth and Change Learning Objective: L07 2-352 The protein called corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) triggers the release of various hormones that lead to the process of birth Answer: True Pages: 71 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L09 2-353 When the protein called corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) reaches a high enough concentration, the mother’s uterus begins periodic contractions Answer: False Page: 71 Level: Difficult Type: Factual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L09 134 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved 2-354 In the first stage of labor, contractions increase in frequency, duration, and intensity until the baby’s head is able to pass through the cervix Answer: True Page: 71 Level: Easy Type: Applied Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L09 2-355 In the second stage of labor, the baby moves through the cervix and birth canal and leaves the mother’s body Answer: True Page: 72 Level: Easy Type: Applied Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L09 2-356 In the third stage of labor, the umbilical cord and the placenta are expelled from the mother Answer: True Page: 72 Level: Easy Type: Applied Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L09 2-357 The number of episiotomies has increased drastically in the last decade Answer: False Page: 72 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L09 2-358 Immediately after birth, the birthing attendants examine the neonate using the Apgar measurement system Answer: True Pages: 73 Level: Easy Type: Applied Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L09 2-359 Developmental researchers failed to find supporting evidence that bonding within the first few hours after birth is essential for a lasting responsive relationship between mother and child Answer: True Pages: 73 Level: Medium Type: Conceptual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L09 2-360 Although mother-child bonding is not critical, it is important for the newborn to be gently touched and massaged soon after birth Answer: True Pages: 73 Level: Easy Type: Applied Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L09 2-361 People of lower-income groups have as much access to Lamaze training as other socioeconomic groups Answer: False Page: 74 Level: Easy Type: Applied Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L09 135 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved 2-362 Around the world, only people in the lowest socioeconomic groups have their babies at home Answer: False Page: 75 Level: Medium Type: Conceptual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L09 2-363 Research indicates that babies born to mothers who received anesthetics during childbirth cry less than babies whose mothers not receive anesthesia Answer: False Page: 75 Level: Medium Type: Applied Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L09 2-364 Most research suggests that the drugs that are currently used during labor produce only minimal risks to the fetus and neonate Answer: True Page: 76 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L09 2-365 The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists suggest that a woman’s request for pain relief during childbirth shall be honored only as a last resort following the failure of other forms of childbirth techniques Answer: False Page: 76 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L09 2-366 Mothers who spend more time in the hospital following the birth of a child better than those discharged after a shorter period Answer: True Page: 76 Level: Easy Type: Applied Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L09 2-367 In the 1990s, insurance companies advocated hospital stays of 48 hours following a birth in order to reduce costs Answer: False Page: 76 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L09 2-368 The American Academy of Pediatrics and the U.S Congress disagree about mandating a minimum insurance coverage of 48 hours for hospitalization for childbirth Answer: False Page: 76 Level: Medium Type: Conceptual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L09 2-369 The exact number of tests performed on a newborn is the same from state to state in the United States 136 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved Answer: False Page: 76 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L09 2-370 More than 10% of all babies are born early Answer: True Page: 78 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L010 2-371 Small-for-gestational-age babies are also always considered preterm Answer: False Page: 78 Level: Medium Type: Conceptual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L010 2-372 Because of the difficulties they experience at birth, regardless of what kind of special care preterm infants receive, they never develop normally in the long run Answer: False Page: 78 Level: Medium Type: Conceptual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L010 2-373 An infant who is born prior to 30 weeks is considered a low-birthweight infant Answer: False Page: 78 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L010 2-374 Very-low-birthweight infants are tiny, with eyes that are fused shut, darkened skin color (despite race), and earlobes that look like flaps of skin on the sides of their heads Answer: True Page: 79 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L010 2-375 The point at which an infant can survive prematurely is about 22 weeks—4 months earlier than the term of a normal delivery Answer: True Page: 79 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L010 2-376 A baby born earlier than 25 weeks has a 75% chance of survival Answer: False Page: 79 Level: Medium Type: Conceptual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L010 2-377 The “age of viability” is 22 weeks Answer: True Page: 79 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L010 137 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved 2-378 Once a very-low-birthweight child reaches his/her first year of age, the medical care costs for that child decrease drastically Answer: False Page: 79 Level: Easy Type: Conceptual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L010 2-379 Ethical debates have ensued because the astronomical costs of medical care for a verylow-birthweight child cannot guarantee that the child has a better than 50% chance of survival Answer: True Page: 79 Level: Easy Type: Conceptual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L010 2-380 “Kangaroo Care” is a term that applies to medical intervention of preterm infants that has infants held skin-to-skin against their parents’ chests Answer: True Page: 79 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L010 2-381 “Kangaroo Care” is a term that applies to medical intervention of small-for-gestational infants where the mother carries the child in a small bag that hangs around the mother’s stomach Answer: False Page 79 Level: Easy Type: Conceptual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L010 2-382 Wives of older fathers are more likely to have preterm deliveries Answer: True Pages: 80 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L010 2-383 Infants who remain inside their mother’s womb and unborn for two weeks after the mother’s due date are at no risk Answer: False Page: 80 Level: Easy Type: Conceptual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L010 2-384 There is no association between successful birth consequences and the rate of cesarean deliveries Answer: True Page: 81 Level: Medium Type: Conceptual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L010 2-385 There is research to indicate that countries other than the United States have substantially increased the rates of cesarean deliveries Answer: False Page: 81 Level: Medium Type: Factual 138 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L010 2-386 Babies born via Ccesarean are less likely to experience breathing problems Answer: False Page: 81 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L010 2-387 Because the increase of cesarean deliveries are related to the use of fetal monitors, medical authorities now recommend that fetal monitors not be routinely used Answer: True Pages: 81 Level: Medium Type: Factual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L010 2-388 Infant mortality has been generally increasing since the 1960s Answer: False Page: 82 Level: Medium Type: Conceptual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L010 2-389 The infant mortality rate in the United States is two times lower than Japan Answer: False Page: 82 Level: Easy Type: Factual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L010 2-390 Ultimately, the lack of prenatal care services results in a higher mortality rate Answer: True Pages: 82 Level: Easy Type: Applied Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L011 2-391 Postpartum depression affects the mother but does not affect the infant Answer: False Page: 83 Level: Medium Type: Applied Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L010 2-392 Even without full visual acuity, newborns actively pay attention to certain types of information Answer: True Pages: 85 Level: Medium Type: Conceptual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L012 2-393 Newborns cannot register smells and tastes with facial expressions Answer: False Page: 85 Level: Easy Type: Conceptual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L012 2-394 The final determination whether newborns are born with the capability to imitate facial expressions has been made, and the result is unequivocally that newborns can 139 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved Answer: False Pages: 85 Level: Medium Type: Conceptual Module 2.3: Birth and the Newborn Infant Learning Objective: L012 140 Copyright © 2012 by Pearson Education, Inc All rights reserved ... Objective: L01 2-28 The fact that the determines the gender of the child is leading to the development of techniques that will allow parents to increase the chances of choosing the child’s gender... Learning Objective: L01 2-15 The process of _ accounts for the replication of most types of cells, so nearly all the cells of the body will contain the same 46 chromosomes as the zygote a) b) c) d)... Inc All rights reserved 2-14 The chromosomes in the new zygote contain the genetic blueprint that will guide cell activity for the rest of the individual’s life a) b) c) d) 52 46 54 32 Answer: