baihoc tieng

Giới thiệu cụm động từ I Thế cụm động từ? Cụm động từ cụm từ có cấu trúc bao gồm động từ tiểu từ (phó từ, giới từ) Động từ Tiểu từ Ví dụ Dịch nghĩa Look up You can look up any new words Anh tra nghĩa từ in your dictionary từ điển Get through I tried to phone her but I couldn’t get through Tôi cố gắng gọi cho cô kết nối Trong ví dụ trên, tiểu từ up, through kết hợp với từ động từ look, get tạo thành cụm động từ có ý nghĩa khác hoàn toàn so với từ động từ ban đầu: Look: nhìn Get: nhận, bị, # # Look up: tìm kiếm, tra cứu Get through: kết nối Do vậy, ý nghĩa cụm động từ không chịu ảnh hưởng ý nghĩa động từ Việc học cụm động từ không nên đánh đồng với việc học động từ tiểu từ độc lập nhau, mà cần học cụm động từ với cách sử dụng chúng văn cảnh II Ý nghĩa tiểu từ cụm động từ? Thông thường, tiểu từ truyển tài nhiều ý nghĩa khác nằm cụm động từ Sau ý nghĩa phổ biến tiểu từ thường xuyên sử dụng cụm động từ Tiểu từ Ý nghĩa Ví dụ Dịch nghĩa up Diễn đạt vị trí hướng lên ý kết thúc, We ate all the food up hoàn thành tất Chúng ăn hết thức ăn down Diễn đạt vị trí hướng xuống dưới; hành động có xu giảm/chặn lại We’ll have to cut down the expenses Chúng ta phải cắt giảm chi tiêu on Diễn đạt ý trên, dựa You should put on formal clothes in an interview Cậu nên ăn mặc lịch đến dự vấn Diễn đạt ý trong, xu hướng vào Make sure to leave the office by 6:00 or you will be locked in Nhớ phải rời khỏi văn phòng trước 6h không anh bị kẹt Diễn đạt vị trí phía ý hành We couldn’t figure her out in out Chúng không tài hiểu cô động đến tận cuối/cạn kiệt off Diễn đạt ý rời chỗ khác thay đổi trạng thái Tôi gửi cho I’ve sent off the letter you wrote cánh nhà báo to the newspaper thư mà anh viết for Diễn đạt mục đích hướng tới hành động He often asks his parentsfor money Hắn thường xuyên hỏi xin tiền bố mẹ with Diễn đạt ý có người vật tham gia hành động That shirt goes really wellwith your blue jacket Chiếc áo sơ mi hợp tông với áo khoác xanh cậu If you look throughsomething, you read it quickly and not very carefully Khi bạn đọc qua nghĩa bạn đọc nhanh không cẩn thận Diễn đạt ý through sang khác, từ đầu đến cuối back Diễn đạt ý trở lại/quay lại Please send the shirt backif it is Hãy gửi lại the wrong size áo sai cỡ away Diễn đạt trạng thái rời đi, tạo khoảng cách Put away your books, Peter! Cất sách đi, Peter Diễn đạt hành động mang tính giải trí, không rõ mục đích, không cần tập trung I hate the way he lies around all day watching TV Tôi ghét thấy nằm vắt vẻo xem TV ngày around about III Phân biệt cụm động từ động từ có giới từ kèm? Cụm động từ Cụm động từ giới từ Tiểu từ cụm động từ luôn nhận trọng âm Giới từ cụm động từ giới từ không nhận trọng âm Động từ tiểu từ đứng tách rời, tiểu từ chuyển xuống sau tân ngữ Động từ giới từ phải luôn liền We called up the teacher (gọi) We called on the teacher (kêu gọi) We called the teacher up We called the teacher on Không thể đặt trạng từ vào động từ tiểu từ We called up the teacher early We called early up the teacher Có thể đặt trạng từ vào động từ giới từ We called early on the teacher IV Vị trí tiểu từ cụm động từ? Như xét trên, tiểu từ đứng sau động từ, đứng sau tân ngữ (object) Trường hợp tân ngữ đại từ (it, them, him, her, me) tiểu từ bắt buộc phải đặt sau tân ngữ The alarm woke up the children (Đồng hồ báo thức làm bọn trẻ thức giấc.) The alarm woke the children up The alarm woke them up The alarm woke up them V Cách học cụm động từ hiệu quả? Xét mặt ngữ pháp hay ý nghĩa, cụm động từ vấn đề phức tạp khó hiểu không học viên người Việt Sau vài lời khuyên hữu ích cho bạn trình học cụm động từ Học theo nhóm từ: xếp cụm động từ theo nhóm động từ, nhóm tiểu từ, nhóm chủ đề (xét theo trường nghĩa cụm động từ) Nhật ký học tập: ghi chép bổ sung thường xuyên vào sổ học tập theo cách riêng bạn: cụm động từ cần có tân ngữ (pick up, look after); cụm động từ với danh từ (call off, set up + a meeting); cụm động từ đồng nghĩa (go on, keep on) – trái nghĩa (get on, get off)… Thực hành: Cố gắng thường xuyên vận dụng cụm động từ học viết, nói (dịch Việt – Anh, học viết qua tranh, viết luận ngắn, thư phản hồi, luyện nói) để ghi nhớ hiểu sâu cách sử dụng cụm động từ Trong học cụm động từ tiếp theo, nhóm biên tập chủ động xếp cụm động từ theo nhóm chủ đề (Morning Activities, Classroom Activities…) với hi vọng hỗ trợ tốt cho bạn việc học cụm động từ Unit - Morning Activities Morning Activities Phrasal Verbs to Learn Phrase Transcript Audio go off /ɡəʊ ɒf/ Meaning Example phát tiếng kêu, báo thức It makes a sudden loud noise when the alarm goes off I am having an important meeting tomorrow Will you wake me up at am? wake up /weɪk ʌp/ thức giấc, đánh thức turn off /tɜːn ɒf/ tắt We turned off the light before anyone could see us get up /ɡet ʌp/ thức dậy What time you often get up in the morning? put on /pʊt ɒn/ mặc vào (quần áo) I put on a sweater and a jacket get on /ɡet ɒn/ lên xe (xe buýt, tàu hỏa) Passengers are not allowed to get on the bus with lots of luggage get off /ɡet ɒf/ xuống xe Every passenger must be careful when getting off the train go into /ɡəʊ ˈɪntuː/ bắt đầu làm việc He went into a long explanation of the affair Reading & Listening Các bạn đọc đoạn văn để hiểu cách sử dụng cụm động từ học 00:00 I'm a "morning person" The alarm goes off at 7.00 I wake up and turn it off I get up quickly and go downstair to have a shower I sing a song in the shower I love putting on my jacket every Tuesday While listening to my favorite English Time, I take a cup of coffee Mmm Then I have some toast for breakfast I take my bag and run to catch the bus I get on the bus and go for three or four stops, and get off Igo into work and say ''GOOD MORNING'' to my first class It's 8.30 Short Conversations Các bạn nghe mẩu hội thoại để hiểu cách sử dụng cụm động từ học W: What time you usually get up? 00:00 M: My alarm often wakes me up at 7:00, but sometimes I stay in bed until I have to turn off the alarm for the second time W: What kind of clothes you wear for an interview? 00:00 M: Shirts and trousers may be a good choice though I just love putting on casual clothes W: Do we get off at the next bus stop? 00:00 M: No, we just got on the bus stops ago Unit - Classroom Activities Classroom Activities Phrasal Verbs to Learn Phrase Transcript Audio Meaning Example Always be sure to show a friendly smile when a customer comes in come in /kʌm ɪn/ vào, tới, đến stand up /stænd ʌp/ đứng lên He was sitting on a bench then suddenly stood up ngồi xuống We sat down with Greg to discuss a new extended contract sit down /sɪt daʊn/ take out /teɪk aʊt/ write down /raɪt daʊn/ pick up /pɪk ʌp/ thu, lượm, nhặt make up /meɪk ʌp/ tạo ra, dựng lên Judy’s story is hard to believe.I’m sure she made it up look up /lʊk ʌp/ tra cứu, tìm kiếm I didn't know the correct spelling so I had to look it up in the dictionary miss out /mɪs aʊt/ bỏ lỡ (một dịp vui, hội) Buy some now or you will miss out on the best deal of the year! turn over /tɜːn 'əuvər/ lật, giở sang bên (sách) He didn't wait to turn the page over, he started to read the book attentively The thief who broke into the museum lấy ra, đem ra, last night took outa lot of precious mang paintings Sorry, why I have to write down my viết (vào giấy) name on every page of this registration form? If you see a note on your way, you pick it up? Reading & Listening Các bạn đọc đoạn văn để hiểu cách sử dụng cụm động từ học 00:00 Our classroom "FaceSnaps" I still remember my first day at school When my teacher, Mrs Smith, came in, everybody stood up to bow We were allowed to sit down but she immediately asked us to take a pen out, and then write down our names, birthdays, phone numbers, home addresses and hobbies on a piece of paper Then she picked up all of the paper to make up a book that we called "FaceSnaps"From then on, by looking up our friends’ personal information in that book frequently, we never missed out on a birthday party You wanna see my FaceSnap? Turn over the first page and I’m still there! Short Conversations Các bạn nghe mẩu hội thoại để hiểu cách sử dụng cụm động từ học W: In our culture, we always stand up to bow to the teacher when she comes in 00:00 M: It sounds great But if you’re busy making something up, you have to stand up anyway? W: Yes, sure 00:00 M: Have you looked up their phone number for me? W: Yah And I remember writing it down somewhere in my notepad W: Sorry I can’t find the list of the attendees anywhere M: Take out my notepad and turn the first pages over, then you will see 00:00 the list on the left column But be sure not to add any more names in that list W: OK I just want to pick up some names for my report Vietnam's Economy Review Another year has come on earth, and it is time to review Vietnam's economy situation throughout the entire year of 2012, a year full of challenges.Vietnam's economy expanded at its lowest rate in the last 13 years due to rising bad debt levels while foreign investment rate and consumer spending growth slowed This has badly affected the daily life of both laborers and business In spite of the fact that inflation has eased, prices remained high in Vietnam in 2012 Employees had to try their best to get by on such a small salary.Different from previous years, it was almost impossible for laborers to save up their monthly earnings The slowdown in economic growth has not only affected employees's life, but also hurt businesses' benefits, especially in the travelling and industrial sectors In 2012, it seemed that people were unwilling to shell out a lot of money to buy luxurious goods or splash on a trip around far-away locations like Europe; instead they visited local beauty spots to cut back on expenses.In order to help tide over enterprises during difficulties, many solutions were created Most noticeably, on May 4th, the State Bank of Vietnam issued a circular, imposing a 15 percent cap on lending interest rates for the four preferential sectors However, bank loans with such low interest rate are still beyond the reach of many enterprises, and most of the businesses have to pay back the loans with the per annum rate from 16 to 18 percent 2012 has passed, and another year has come Where our national economy is going next is now entirely up to precise decisions from the Government In order to achieve higher economic growth in 2013, efforts from all sides are required Short Conversations Các bạn nghe mẩu hội thoại để hiểu cách sử dụng cụm động từ học A: I've heard that you just shelled out on a nice car, didn't you? 00:00 B: Yeah I have saved up for more than two years for it It's really worth it A: Why are you always going shopping and splashing out on mountains of dresses while you constantly complain that you don't have much money? 00:00 B: Well Actually I always try hard to cut back on daily expenses, but I can't stop spending on such beautiful clothes Am I a shopaholic? A: Could you lend me $50, please? It's urgent I promise to pay you backnext week 00:00 B: I'm really sorry I'm broke myself I only have about $50 left to get by Ittides me over until the end of this month Unit 16: Computer Bài học VIP Computer Phrasal Verbs to Learn Phrase Transcript Audi o Meaning to start a machine turn on /tɜːn ɒn/ (bật máy) switch off to stop a machine from working /swɪtʃ ɒf/ Example I turn the radio on to get the weather forecast every morning I remember switching off all the lights and locking the door carefully before coming here (tắt máy có ngắt hẳn nguồn điện) to enter a restricted area on a computer system log in sign out /lɒɡ ɪn/ I had forgotten my password and couldn't log (đăng nhập vào khu in vực bị giới hạn máy tính) to close a computer program that requires a name and password /saɪn aʊt/ (thoát chương trình máy tính có yêu cầu tên đăng nhập mật khẩu) to give your name to subscribe sign up /saɪn ʌp/ (đăng ký - cung cấp thông tin) If you don’t sign out from your account before closing the brower, you will have to wait for 15 minutes before you can log in again Forums always require you to sign up for an account before you can post anything to make a hard copy of a computer document print out /prɪnt aʊt/ (in văn - tạo thành cứng) stand by /stænd baɪ/ log off /lɒɡ ɒf/ Can you print out five copies of the new contract for me, please? to be waiting and ready for something to happen When you are not at your desk for a while, remember to put the computer in standby mode to save energy (trạng thái chờ sẵn sàng làm gì) to exit a computer system When she finished working on the spreadsheet, she logged off and left the office (thoát hệ thống máy tính) Reading & Listening Các bạn đọc đoạn văn để hiểu cách sử dụng cụm động từ học 00:00 How to work on a computer safely Computer usage is increasing all over the world However, using computers can be dangerous Also wrong behavior when using the computer might cause damage to the computer This article will tell you how to safely work on your computer Never touch any of the circuit boards inside the computer while it is turned on You will risk electrical shock and possibly ruin your computer Before working on a computer, always switch the power off and unlug the power cable Before touching anything in the computer, it is smart to connect a grounding cable or anything that removes static electricity Never share financial information over the internet Always use some sort of privacy program like encryption or anonymous IP when logging in with a banking account or anything that requires a credit card number And you are also strictly recommended to sign out of your accounts before closing the internet browers Be careful about sharing your personal information over the internet When you sign upfor an account, an online course or a social activity, be sure that you are accessing an authorized website Additionally, spending some time to read through the Terms of Usebefore clicking on the agree box is highly recommended Never have your lunch or drinks near the computer keyboard you are working on Some people have the bad habit of eating their lunches at their desk while having their computerstanding by Both of food and drinks, when stuck in the keyboard, will not only create physical damage but also facilitate bacterial development Get away from the computer after a maximum hours of use People that work on computer for a long time are times more likely to have problems with their bones, joints, muscles and nerves If you don’t want to put yourself at risk for health problems, try to come up with an any excuse to log off your computer and get away from it after hours of use If you want to continue working, you can print your work out for a real “offline reading” instead of sticking your eyes to the screen Short Conversations Các bạn nghe mẩu hội thoại để hiểu cách sử dụng cụm động từ học A: Could you turn on the laptop for me please? I have forgotten my flight number and I need to check it again 00:00 B: I have just put the computer on stand by to charge the battery Wait for some minutes, we still have a lot of time left A: Oh God Next time if you need to charge the battery, please switch itoff That helps to extend the battery life A: My account has just been deactivated for not using it for months.Can I log in with your ID please? 00:00 B: I don't think it's a good idea You can sign up again easily It doesn't take a lot of time A: Don't log off the computer I'm downloading some videos for my presentation next week 00:00 B: Sure I just wanna print out some documents I will drag your downloading windows to the taskbar, OK? A: Yup You can also sign out of my yahoo messenger if necessary Unit 17: Love Bài học VIP Love Phrasal Verbs to Learn Phrase Transcript Audi o Meaning Example to be in love with sb fall for /fɔːl fɔːr/ He fell for her the moment their eyes met (yêu, phải lòng ai) stand by /stænd baɪ/ count /kaʊnt ɒn/ on to support or remain loyal to sb (in difficult situations) He stood by her throughout the trial as he believed her to be innocent (ở bên, giúp đỡ - hoàn cảnh khó khăn) to rely, to trust someone You can count on them; if they have promised to something, they will it (dựa vào, tin tưởng vào ai) look after /lʊk ˈɑːftə(r)/ make up /meɪk ʌp/ to be responsible for, to take care of someone/ something Their auntie looked after them while their mother was in hospital (chịu trách nhiệm, trông nom chăm sóc) to invent a story They are always making up an excuse for being late (dựng chuyện) to end a relationship break up / breɪk ʌp/ (kết thúc mối quan hệ) to argue and be on bad terms with someone fall out /fɔːl aʊt/ (cãi không hòa hợp với ai) They had been going out for a couple of years before they broke up They fell out over his decision of moving to Paris for the new job and hardly spoke to each other any more Reading & Listening Các bạn đọc đoạn văn để hiểu cách sử dụng cụm động từ học 00:00 Love Letter Dear Jenna, I did not believe in fate until the day I met you It was a rainy day and I was on my way home.There was a beautiful young girl trying to fix her bike on the side of the road I fell for you in a simple way like that Three years, two months and five days have passed since we first met; I promise I willstand by you in all cases I will be the first and last person that you can count on when you are in a difficult time I will share the housework with you, look after the children, feed them and teach them how to be good people Last but not least, I promise not to make up any excuses for being home late from work Have I told you that we will never break up? and we will never fall out of love? I will always be beside you, be your faithful partner in sickness and in health, in good times and in bad, and in joy as well as in sorrow Love you so much, Tommy Short Conversations Các bạn nghe mẩu hội thoại để hiểu cách sử dụng cụm động từ học 00:00 A: I've heard that the Smiths have broken up Is it true? B: Yes, it is Mr Smith doesn't like his wife's naughty cats They are always scratching the sofa and he can't stand seeing their fur every where in the house A: No, he just made up that excuse He has actually fallen for a beautiful woman he met at a dance club B: Really? That's unbelievable! A: Abbie, I'm going to go on a business trip tomorrow Can you help tolook after my cat Vonnie for a week? I've asked around but no-one can help B: Well, I'm not sure I will be at home in a few days Have you asked Senela? She is very nice and you can count on her 00:00 A: Yes, she used to stand by me whenever I needed help Unfortunately, we fell out over a row last week B: What's going on? OK let me ask if Peter can look after Vonnie for days I will be back on Wednesday and every thing will be fine then A: Thank you Abbie Unit 18: Dating Bài học VIP DATING Phrasal Verbs to Learn Phrase Transcript Audio dress up Meaning to wear nice clothing /dres ʌp/ (mặc quần áo đẹp) Example There's no need to dress up - come as you are to talk to sb attractively to get them interested in you chat up turn down /tʃæt ʌp/ to reject/refuse an offer, proposal or the person who makes it /tɜːn daʊn/ (từ chối lời đề nghị, cầu hôn từ chối người đề nghị) go out (with sb) stand up (nói chuyện cách thu hút để quyến rũ - tán tỉnh ai) /ɡəʊ aʊt/ /stænd ʌp/ He spent the whole night chatting her up Peter asked her to marry him but she turned himdown to spend time with sb when having a romantic relationship with them How long have Tom and Jen been going out? (dành thời gian bên - có quan hệ tình cảm) to fail to keep an appointment with a boyfriend or girlfriend (thất hẹn - cho leo cây) I waited for her for half an hour before I realized she had stood me up to make sb unhappy bring down /brɪŋ daʊn/ (làm cho buồn rầu) get over /ɡet ˈəʊvə(r)/ to recover from sth, to feel better after a shock (hồi phục sau cú sốc tinh thần) The death of his mother last year really broughthim down At first Mary was disappointed about not getting the job she wanted, but she got over it Reading & Listening Các bạn đọc đoạn văn để hiểu cách sử dụng cụm động từ học 00:00 The Blind Date George is standing in the rain waiting for his date It is hour later than their meeting time but Sami hasn’t shown up yet The rain is getting heavier and he is losing his temper “Is it possibly that she has stood me up?” – George thinks The story dates back to a wonderful day when George was surfing some websites for “speed-dating services” to find a date He noticed Sami’s profile “This girl sounds interesting.” – he thought, and he started to chat her up He spent hours sitting at his desk on the computer whenever she was online They talked to each other for about months.During that time, George had asked Sami out for a “real date” several times but he was always turned down Though her refusals really brought him down, he didn’t give up.Finally, Sami agreed to go out with George And today is their first “real date” George dressed up and waiting for Sami She’s hour… hours late She doesn’t appear George walks home in the heavy rain He is so sad “I will get over it” – he thought – “and never have a blind date again.” Short Conversations Các bạn nghe mẩu hội thoại để hiểu cách sử dụng cụm động từ học 00:00 A: It seems you are a bit confused What’s up, Joana? B: Well, I am wondering how I should dress up for my date with William tonight A: William? How long have you been going out with him? I thought you and Alex He always chats you up every time he sees you B: Yes, he has asked me out several times But I always turned himdown, and now he really has given up In short, what should I wear tonight, jeans or a skirt? A: I think a skirt is best for a romantic date A: How was your date with William last night, Joana? B: After I waited for him for an hour, I realized that he stood me up! I can’t believe that he treated me like an idiot It really brought me down 00:00 A: I’m sorry to hear that… But don’t be so sad I hope you will get over it soon B: Thank you, Daisy I will be fine