AfterSales Training Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair P21 Porsche AfterSales Training Student Name: Training Center Location: Instructor Name: Date: _ Electrical Troubleshooting Logic - Do you understand how the electrical consumer is expected to operate? - Do you have the correct wiring diagram? - If the circuit contains a fuse, is the fuse okay & of the correct amperage? - Is there power provided to the circuit? Is the power source the correct voltage? - Is the ground(s) for the circuit connected? Is the connection tight & free of resistance? - Is the circuit being correctly activated by a switch, relay, sensor, microswitch, etc.? - Are all electrical plugs connected securely with no tension, corrosion, or loose wires? Important Notice: Some of the contents of this AfterSales Training brochure was originally written by Porsche AG for its restof-world English speaking market The electronic text and graphic files were then imported by Porsche Cars N.A, Inc and edited for content Some equipment and technical data listed in this publication may not be applicable for our market Specifications are subject to change without notice We have attempted to render the text within this publication to American English as best as we could We reserve the right to make changes without notice © 2016 Porsche Cars North America, Inc All Rights Reserved Reproduction or translation in whole or in part is not permitted without written authorization from publisher AfterSales Training Publications Dr Ing h.c F Porsche AG is the owner of numerous trademarks, both registered and unregistered, including without limitation the Porsche Crest®, Porsche®, Boxster®, Carrera®, Cayenne®, Cayman®, Macan®, Panamera®, Speedster®, Spyder®, 918 Spyder®, Tiptronic®, VarioCam®, PCM®, PDK®, 911®, RS®, 4S®, FOUR, UNCOMPROMISED®, and the model numbers and the distinctive shapes of the Porsche automobiles such as, the federally registered 911 and Boxster automobiles The third party trademarks contained herein are the properties of their respective owners Porsche Cars North America, Inc believes the specifications to be correct at the time of printing Specifications, performance standards, standard equipment, options, and other elements shown are subject to change without notice Some options may be unavailable when a car is built Some vehicles may be shown with non-U.S equipment The information contained herein is for internal authorized Porsche dealer use only and cannot be copied or distributed Porsche recommends seat belt usage and observance of traffic laws at all times Part Number - PNA P21 005 Edition 7/16 Table of Contents Chapter Description Section Introduction i System Type Designations Engine Mechanical Intake Systems Ignition System Fuel Supply Systems Exhaust Systems Mixture Formation On-Board Diagnostics (OBD II) Additional DME Functions & Special Control Systems Conversion Charts 10 Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Introduction Over the past several years, the engine management and related systems of Porsche vehicles have had to respond to ever-lower emissions standards and increasingly complex legislative requirements While each new engine design produced more torque and horsepower and lower fuel consumption, engine management systems become increasingly efficient and complex This has increased the amount of information that the technician must have command of and the complexity of the systems the technican must understand, exponentially This training book attempts to organize the information and system theory of Porsche engine management in an understandable and organized manner We hope this will make your study of Porsche engine management a successful undertaking that will improve your ability to repair and diagnose Porsche engine management systems Viel Spass! AfterSales Training Department Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Page i Page ii Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair System Type Designations Model Year – Porsche System Designations Model Model Year System Designation 911 1984-89 DME 35 Pin Control Unit 911 (964) 1989-94 DME 55 Pin Control Unit 911 (993) 1995 DME 2.10.1 911 (993) 1996-98 DME 5.2 911 (996) 1999 DME 5.2.2 911 (996) 2000-01 DME 7.2 911 (996) 2002-05 DME 7.8 911 (997) Gen I 2005 DME 7.8 911 (997) Gen I 2006-08 DME 7.8_40 911 (997) Gen II DFI 2009-11 EMS SDI 3.1 (Siemens) 911 (991) 2012-16 EMS SDI (Continental) 911 (991) Gen II 2017-on EMS SDI 21.2 (Continental) 911 Turbo 1986-89 CIS 911 Turbo (964) 1991-94 K-Jetronic, Electronic Ignition System EZ 69 w/Spark Control 911 Turbo (993) 1996-98 DME 5.2 911 Turbo (996) 2001-05 DME 7.8 911 Turbo (997) 2006-09 DME 7.8.1 911 Turbo (997) DFI 2010-12 EMS SDI 3.1 (Siemens) 911 Turbo (991) 2013-16 EMS SDI 9.1 (Continental) 911 Turbo (991) Gen II 2017-on EMS SDI 21.3 (Continental) 911 GT3 (991) 2015-on MED 17.1.11 (Bosch) 924S 1986-88 DME 35 Pin Control Unit 928 S 1984-86 LH-Jetronic - EZF 928 S4 1987-89 LH-Jetronic - EZK 928 S4/GT 1990-95 LH-Jetronic - EZK 944 1984-89 DME 35 Pin Control Unit 944 S 1987-89 DME 55 Pin Control Unit 944 S2 1990-91 DME 55 Pin Control Unit 944 Turbo 1986-90 DME 35 Pin Control Unit with KLR 968 1992-95 DME 2.10.1 Boxster/S (986) 1997-99 Boxster/S (986) 2000-02 Boxster/S (986) 2003-04 Boxster/S (987) Gen I 2005-08 Cayman/S (987) Gen I 2006-08 Boxster (987) Gen II (2.9 liter) 2009-12 Cayman (987) Gen II (2.9 liter) 2009-12 Boxster S (987) Gen II (3.4 liter) DFI 2009-12 Cayman S (987) Gen II (3.4 liter) DFI 2009-12 Boxster/S (981) DFI 2013-16 Cayman/S (981) DFI 2014-16 718 Boxster/S (982) 2017-on DME 5.2.2 DME 7.2 DME 7.8 DME 7.8_40 DME 7.8_40 DME 7.8.2 DME 7.8.2 EMS SDI 3.1 (Siemens) EMS SDI 3.1 (Siemens) EMS SDI 9.1 (Continental) EMS SDI 9.1 (Continental) EMS SDI 21.2 Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Page 1.1 System Type Designations Model Model Year Cayenne (V6) (9PA) Gen I 2004-06 Cayenne S (9PA) Gen I 2003-06 Cayenne Turbo (9PA) Gen I 2003 06 Cayenne (V6) (9PA) Gen II (E1) DFI 2008-10 Cayenne S (9PA) Gen II (E1) DFI 2008-10 Cayenne Turbo (9PA) Gen II (E1) DFI 2008-10 Cayenne (V6) (92A) Gen I (E2) DFI 2011-14 Cayenne S Hybrid (V6) (92A) Gen I (E2) DFI 2011-14 Cayenne S (92A) Gen I (E2) DFI 2011-14 Cayenne Turbo (92A) Gen I (E2) DFI 2011-14 Cayenne (V6) (92A) Gen II (E2) 2015-on Cayenne S E-Hybrid (V6) (92A) Gen II (E2) 2015-on Cayenne S (92A) Gen II (E2) 2015-on Cayenne Turbo (92A) Gen II (E2) 2015-on System Designation DME 7.1 DME 7.1 DME 7.1 MED 9.1 (Bosch) EMS SDI 4.1 (Siemens) EMS SDI 4.1 (Siemens) MED 17.1.6 (Bosch) MED 17.1.6 (Bosch) (Hybrid Manager) EMS SDI 8.1 (Siemens) EMS SDI 8.1 (Siemens) MED 17.1.6 (Bosch) MED 17.1.6 (Bosch) (Hybrid Manager) EMS SDI 9.1 (Continental) EMS SDI 9.1 (Continental) Macan (95B) 2017-on Simos 18 (Continental) Macan S (95B( 2015-on EMS SDI 10.2 (Continental) Macan Turbo (95B) 2015-on EMS SDI 10.2 (Continental) Panamera (V6) (970) Gen I DFI 2011-13 Panamera S Hybrid (V6) (970) Gen I DFI 2012-13 Panamera S (970) Gen I DFI 2010-13 Panamera Turbo (970) Gen I DFI 2010-13 Panamera (V6) (970) Gen II 2014-on Panamera S E-Hybrid (V6) Gen II 2014-on Panamera S 2014-on Panamera Turbo 2014-on EMS SDI 7.1 (Siemens) MED 17.1.6 (Bosch) (Hybrid Manager) EMS SDI 6.1 (Siemens) EMS SDI 6.1 (Siemens) EMS SDI 9.1 (Continental) MED 17.1.6 (Bosch) (Hybrid Manager) EMS SDI 9.1 (Continental) EMS SDI 9.1 (Continental) Carrera GT 2004-06 DME 7.1 x (Master/Slave) 918 Spyder 2015 MED 17.1.11 (Bosch) (Hybrid Manager) Page 1.2 Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Engine Mechanical Subject Page Engine Mechanical System The Four Strokes Of The “Otto” Cycle Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Page 2.1 Engine Mechanical The Four Strokes of the “Otto” (combustion) Cycle By dividing the engine management system into its basic systems, and subsystems, we can gain a better understanding of engine management as a whole, and the relationships between these systems The engine mechanical system compresses the air and fuel mixture provided by the fuel system and the ignition system ignites the air and fuel mixture to produce torque and horsepower at the crankshaft A solid knowledge of engine management is essential for understanding of the complex computer controlled systems utilized by Porsche today As well as being essential for the diagnosis of system faults Engine Mechanical System The engine mechanical system consists of the intake system, the engine mechanical (motor-block, pistons, valves, etc.) and the exhaust system The operational principal of this system is the “Otto” cycle The operation of an internal combustion engine can be understood by looking at the operation of one cylinder of the engine through an entire combustion cycle The combustion cycle consists of two crankshaft revolutions During each of these revolutions the piston will travel from the top of the cylinder to the bottom of the cylinder, and then from the bottom of the cylinder to the top These movements are called strokes and there are four strokes in a combustion cycle (down, up, down, up) The valve train of the engine operates the valves in synchronization with these strokes: opening the intake valve during one stroke and the exhaust valve during another stroke Intake (1) During the intake stroke the piston is moving down and the intake valve is open As the piston moves down, the air and fuel mixture enters the cylinder to occupy the space vacated by the piston as it moves down At the end of the intake stroke the piston is at the bottom of the cylinder and the intake valve closes Compression (2) During the compression stroke the piston is moving up and the valves are closed The piston movement compresses the air/fuel mixture that entered the cylinder during the intake stroke At the top of this stroke the air/fuel mixture that filled the entire cylinder at the bottom of the intake stroke has been compressed into the combustion chamber Compressing the mixture by the ratio of the total cylinder volume to the combustion chamber volume Page 2.2 Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Additional DME Functions & Special Control Systems Auto Start Stop function (Panamera (970) MY 2014) The Panamera models MY 2014 are equipped with an enhanced Auto Start Stop function The Panamera GTS models have the previous Auto Start Stop function The enhanced Auto Start Stop function switches off the combustion engine under defined conditions at speeds of less than mph (7 km/h) and therefore exploits additional fuelsaving potential The DME control unit that controls the Auto Start Stop function has been optimized so that automatic switching off of the engine can be used in as many cases as possible This makes it possible to achieve the lowest possible fuel consumption in everyday operation The Auto Start Stop function can be activated and deactivated by way of a button in the center console (1) The function becomes available as soon as the engine, transmission, and climate control system reach operating temperature and all other operating conditions are fulfilled Notes: Page 9.66 Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Additional DME Functions & Special Control Systems Coasting Function Activating: • Press button (1) • The indicator light in the button goes off • Coasting mode is activated and the engine is automatically switched off when the vehicle stops Prerequisites for coasting mode: • Driving in selector lever position D • Coasting mode is activated (indicator light in the button is off) • Sport or Sport Plus mode is deactivated • PSM is active • Control cruise mode is not active • Engine, transmission and battery have reached operating temperature • Relaxed/economic driving style • Only a slight uphill or downhill gradient • Remove foot slowly from accelerator pedal The Auto Start Stop button switches the Auto Start Stop function on and off and activates and deactivates coasting mode The engine is disengaged and runs at idle speed The vehicle rolls with no engine braking effect Coasting mode can be identified by the tachometer showing idle speed The 9x1 models now feature the coasting function in conjunction with the Porsche Doppelkupplung (PDK) Coasting refers to operating the vehicle with the engine disengaged, for example on slight downhill gradients; the engine is operated at idle speed so that the function of the auxiliary systems (alternator, air-conditioning compressor, coolant pump, etc.) is maintained Deactivation of the Coasting Function During coasting, the kinetic and potential energy of the vehicle is directly used to overcome driving resistance Although no fuel is used during deceleration with deceleration fuel cutoff, the vehicle is significantly decelerated If no deceleration is desired, additional fuel must be used to cover the lost distance Automatically With a sporty driving style or if the accelerator pedal is released suddenly, coasting mode is suppressed to allow targeted use of the engine braking effect Likewise, coasting does not occur on steep uphill gradients since the coasting phase would be very short due to the uphill gradient and no significant fuel saving is possible Coasting mode is suppressed on steep downhill gradients since the vehicle does not slow down, despite the engine deceleration torque, and the use of deceleration fuel cutoff means that no fuel is consumed in this driving situation Coasting mode is activated and deactivated using the Auto Start Stop button Manually • Press the accelerator pedal or • Press the brake pedal or • Press a shifting paddle or a shift button or • Change gears using the selector lever Deactivating: Activation of the Coasting Function Activating and Deactivating Coasting Mode • Press button (1) • The indicator light in the button lights up red • Coasting mode is deactivated and automatic stopping of the engine is suppressed If coasting mode is suppressed, for example due to a sporty driving style, sudden release of the accelerator pedal or excessively low engine temperature, it can be initiated manually by shifting up a gear with the shift paddle, one of the shift buttons or the selector lever Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Page 9.67 Additional DME Functions & Special Control Systems Coasting is automatically prevented in driving situations where it no longer makes sense or would be counterproductive: if the vehicle speeds up on steep downhill gradients despite trailing throttle fuel cutoff, it is better to exploit the full fuel saving produced through trailing throttle fuel cutoff The coasting phase would be too short in the case of steep uphill gradients Coasting is suppressed during sporty driving so as to enable more direct responsiveness and not interrupt the flow of driving with frequent disengagement and engagement Driving situation shown in the graphic: The driver wants to reduce the vehicle speed from 62 mph to 50 mph (100 km/h to80 km/h) a.) Vehicle without coasting function: Steady driving and then braking with engine deceleration (without fuel injection) (red curve) b.) Vehicle with coasting function: Activation coasting mode and deceleration at idle speed fuel consumption (green curve) The driving curve with coasting is more fuel efficient because the total idle speed consumption during the coasting phase (green block) is less than the total consumption during steady driving (red block) This also works with much smaller differences in speed (< mph (5 km/h) and in other driving situations, e.g slight downhill gradients If the driver indicates a wish to decelerate by pressing the brake or intervenes manually by pressing the downshift button, the engine is re-engaged in order to use the engine's trailing throttle fuel cutoff; the fuel supply is interrupted during this process and the engine braking effect shortens the vehicle's stopping distance once more The driver can also actively suppress coasting by quickly removing his/her foot from the accelerator pedal (e.g approaching a bend, aborting a passing attempt) Coasting can also be triggered when specifically desired by the driver by pressing the upshift button in the highest gear (accelerator pedal not pressed) Engagement takes place automatically during acceleration Prerequisites for coasting mode: • Driving in selector-lever position D • Coasting mode is switched on (Auto Start Stop not deactivated using switch) • Sport or Sport Plus mode is deactivated • PSM is active • Engine, transmission and battery have reached operating temperature • Relaxed/economic driving style • Slight uphill or downhill gradient • Remove foot slowly from the accelerator pedal Ending coasting mode: • Press the accelerator pedal or • Press the brake pedal or • Change gears using the selector lever Coasting mode can be deactivated using the Auto Start Stop switch Notes: Page 9.68 Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Additional DME Functions & Special Control Systems Vehicle Electrical System Recuperation in Communication With Gateway Control Unit • This control operation includes the DME control unit, the gateway control unit, the brake pedal sensor, starter battery with battery sensor, the generator and the vehicle electrical system • Vehicle electrical system recuperation helps to reduce fuel consumption • Some of the kinetic braking energy is converted into electrical energy via the generator during vehicle deceleration phases and is fed into the starter battery • As a result, the combustion engine has to supply less power to charge the battery through generator operation in acceleration phases • Depending on the battery condition, the vehicle voltage is raised and lowered correspondingly and varies between 12.5 and 15.5 V Porsche vehicles feature the new function of vehicle electrical system recuperation as a further fuel-saving measure Here, some of the kinetic braking energy can be converted into electrical energy via the generator during vehicle deceleration phases and stored in the starter battery As a result, the combustion engine has to supply less power to charge the battery through generator operation in acceleration phases in particular, which directly results in lower fuel consumption The starter battery is preferably charged by the usually otherwise lost braking energy during the braking operation During braking, the generator output is increased in a targeted manner by the generator regulator and the recuperated energy is fed into the starter battery The voltage is then lowered again and the energy can be fed into the vehicle electrical system in order to supply the loads The increased generator power acts with a low braking torque on the crankshaft of the combustion engine via a drive belt This leads to vehicle deceleration and therefore supports the conventional brake system A new intelligent algorithm in the energy management system evaluates various input variables of the components involved, thereby allowing active coordination of every recuperation operation based on the battery charge condition and driver request This control operation includes, among others, the engine control, brake pedal sensor, starter battery with sensor system, generator and the vehicle electrical system The powerful AGM battery meets all requirements with respect to battery life in view of the increased number of cycles due to frequent charging and discharge Increase Idle Speed to Increase the Charging Current The idle speed can be increased in three stages after a corresponding request from the gateway The charging current of the generator is increased as a result The field current is regulated in the gateway To increase the generator output, the idle speed can be increased in three stages when the engine is warm (e.g V8 engines 640, 740 and 850 rpm) Sport Button Allows the driver to choose between a setup with optimized comfort and consumption or a sporty setup Standard Setting In Normal mode, the electronic engine management system restricts the engine torque in order to optimize fuel consumption (except during kickdown) • Optimized comfort and fuel consumption • Dynamically comfortable accelerator characteristic Sport Mode When the Sport button is activated, a “SPORT” symbol lights on the instrument cluster A sportier vehicle setup is obtained when Sport mode is switched on • Auto Start Stop function deactivated • Sporty engine setup • Accelerator reacts more quickly, more spontaneous throttle response • Throttle open further for same pedal travel • Coolant temperature is reduced The electronic engine management system controls the engine with more bite The dynamic response of the engine then becomes even more direct On vehicles with 8-speed Tiptronic S, up shifts take place later and downshifts earlier in automatic mode The Auto Start Stop function is also deactivated In addition, the chassis control systems Porsche Active Suspension Management (PASM) and the optional Porsche Dynamic Chassis Control (PDCC) if equipped are switched to Sport mode Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Page 9.69 Additional DME Functions & Special Control Systems This makes damping sportier and the steering behavior in bends is more direct This in turn leads to improved road contact Activation of the Sport button influences the areas DME, Tiptronic S, PTM, PASM and PDCC Sport Plus Button (Optional Equipment) • • • • • • Communication with Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) In communication with the control unit of the adaptive cruise control, it is possible to perform acceleration or deceleration via the electronic throttle and where appropriate braking, also to vehicle stop Auto Start Stop function deactivated For even sportier setup Performance-orientated Turbo with overboost Coolant temperature is lowered Activation of the shift indicator Off-road Mode for Cayenne • In off-road mode, the accelerator pedal characteristic is very flat at low speed in order to ensure precise throttle control when driving off-road • At faster speeds, the accelerator pedal characteristic becomes increasingly more responsive for better handling on sand dunes Notes: Page 9.70 Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Additional DME Functions & Special Control Systems Sound Symposer The 911 Carrera models (991) are equipped with the new sound symposer as standard for the first time for a more emotive driving experience This passive sound transmission system produces an even richer and sportier engine sound in the passenger compartment and can be activated and deactivated via the standard Sport button - Sound symposer (acoustic simulator) - Control flap (vacuum-controlled) - Diaphragm (amplifies the vibrations) - Passenger compartment inlet at the rear shelf - Intake noise transmission into the passenger compartment - Unfiltered air intake Air filter - Throttle valve (electronic throttle) - Engine, intake system The sound symposer is a passive system for transmitting engine noise into the passenger compartment In other words it does not generate an artificial engine sound, but rather amplifies the unique sporty sound of the 911 Carrera flat engines and directs it into the passenger compartment at the push of a button The sound symposer is located within the intake tract of the engine and is installed between the throttle valve and air cleaner It is connected with the passenger compartment out of the customer’s sight via a line in the area of the rear shelf The engine’s load-dependent intake pulses cause the diaphragm integrated in the sound symposer to vibrate; the diaphragm amplifies these vibrations before they are transmitted directly into the passenger compartment as sound via the line - Control flap (vacuum-controlled) - Diaphragm (amplifies the vibrations) - Passenger compartment inlet at the rear shelf - Unfiltered air intake 10 - Switching valves for sound symposer and silencer (resonator in the air cleaner housing) Sound Symposer Switching Strategy The sound symposer can be electropneumatically activated or deactivated via an controllable flap located upstream of it With the standard exhaust system, the control flap is opened by pressing the Sport button With the Sports exhaust system, the control flap is opened when the exhaust system button is pressed Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Page 9.71 Additional DME Functions & Special Control Systems Sound Symposer (optional) (Panamera (970) MY 2014) Electric Sound Actuator (718 Boxster (982) MY 2017) The Sound Symposer already familiar from the GTS models of the Panamera and Cayenne is optionally available for an emphatically sporty sound in the passenger compartment The engine sound can be experienced even more intensively through transmission of the intake noise into the passenger compartment The connections for the Sound Symposer modules are located upstream of the throttle valve on the Panamera with V6 biturbo engine The air column is set in an oscillating movement and directed to the left and right areas of the wheel-housing wall In addition to the new exhaust systems, an electric sound actuator is responsible for creating an sporty Porschespecific sound in the passenger compartment of the vehicle The electric sound actuator is installed on the front engine cover in the passenger compartment It is activated by way of a separate control unit connected with the CAN bus This control unit is located at the rear left of the luggage compartment Electric sound actuator The illustration shows the routing of the Sound Symposer system from the tapping point up to introduction into the passenger compartment The control lines are also highlighted in color in the area of the expansion intake manifold The goal of the sound actuator is to support/enrich the engine-specific sound, whereby the acoustic component of the sound actuator should harmonize with the sound of the engine and exhaust system depending on load, engine speed and driving speed Notes: Page 9.72 Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Additional DME Functions & Special Control Systems Systems That Effect Engine Management System Operation Via Data Transfer There are several systems that have effect on the operation of engine management via programs in the engine management control unit that utilize data from other systems Tiptronic Transmission Porsche has had the engine management system act on information from the transmission going back to the 928 The 928 has a switch that closes when the transmission shifts from 1st to 2nd so the ignition control can retard the ignition timing to soften the upshift All Porsche vehicles with Tiptronic and PDK transmissions have communication between the engine management control and transmission control so the transmission and engine can operate in coordination The data transfer is bi-directional with load, RPM, throttle position, “ambient conditions” and engine temperature transferred from engine management to transmission control, and requests to retard ignition timing and gear selector position are sent from transmission control to engine management When the engine is cold, the transmission control engages a catalyst warm up shift program to speed catalyst warm up This is why the transmission control is OBD-II relevant and why the MIL can be turned on by the transmission control unit In 1997, the Boxster was the first Porsche vehicle to utilize a CAN bus system It was used to connect the Tiptronic control unit to the Engine Management Control Unit Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Page 9.73 Additional DME Functions & Special Control Systems Stability Management Sport Chrono The 1995 911 Carrera (993) was equipped with ABD (automatic brake differential) Porsche traction control began to utilize information from the engine management system ABD actuates the rear brakes to eliminate wheel slip and it utilizes load information from engine management to determine the limit for brake actuation (when load is high the brake application time limit is shortened) The 2005 911 Carrera (997), Boxster (987) and 9x1s have Sport Chrono as an option, when this system is active the engine management switches the E-throttle to a faster rise of the throttle opening curve and a more aggressive RPM limiter Sports Chrono Functions of the Motronic As Porsche stability management has evolved, the interaction between engine management and stability management has become more complex with more data shared between systems and more intervention in engine management by stability management Traction Control (TC) The 1997 Boxster (986) introduced TC (traction control), this combined ABD and ASC (anti-slip control) When this system detects a poor traction condition, it will limit the amount of torque that the engine produces The engine management can reduce the amount of fuel injected, and retard the ignition timing to reduce torque to the limit determined by ASC ASC remains a component of subsequent stability management systems, with E-throttle, the engine management has control of throttle position as well as the timing and fuel metering This allows E-throttle to control the amount of torque produced very precisely E-throttle Characteristic Engine Drag Control (EDC) The 911 Carrera (996) in 1999 came equipped with PSM (Porsche Stability Management) with ASC as an element of the system Another engine management related system component is EDC (Engine Drag Control) When EDC detects the rear wheels braking loose when decelerating with engine braking, it instructs the engine management control to open the throttle to reduce the amount of engine braking produced Page 9.74 Speed Limiter Characteristic Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Additional DME Functions & Special Control Systems Sport Chrono Package (911 (991) Gen II MY 2017) On vehicles with the Sport Chrono package option, the various driving modes are now no longer selected using buttons on the center console, but instead via a rotary selector switch, known as the mode switch, located in the redesigned steering wheel With the Sport Chrono package, the standard SPORT button in the center console is omitted Individual mode is now available in addition to the three existing modes Normal, SPORT and SPORT PLUS The settings for the sports exhaust system, auto start/stop function and rear spoiler can be combined individually based on Normal mode or SPORT modes via a corresponding menu in the instrument cluster The stored combination can be retrieved again the next time the vehicle is started by turning the mode switch In SPORT mode, the focus is on the fun factor and the sound In SPORT PLUS mode, maximum performance is made available SPORT Response mode is intended to condition the vehicle for the fastest responsiveness, in order to, for example, shorten an overtaking maneuver When the SPORT Response button is pressed, the engine and transmission are prepared for maximum responsiveness In the part-load range, the turbocharger wastegate is closed, which causes boost pressure to build up significantly more quickly The engine responds much more spontaneously to accelerator pedal commands and reaches maximum power more quickly At the same time, the PDK switches to a special shift map While pressing the SPORT Response button at full throttle does not result in a gearshift, in the part-load range, the PDK immediately reverts to an engine speed range between 4,500 and 6,000 rpm At this point, the shift map is moved upwards again so that the PDK only switches to the next-higher gear at a later time, thereby retaining the extremely direct responsiveness of the high engine speed range for a few hundred revolutions longer SPORT Response Button (vehicles with PDK only) SPORT Response display SPORT Response button Another new function in the Sport Chrono package is the SPORT Response button located in the center of the mode switch on vehicles with PDK Inspired by motor sport, the SPORT Response button on the 911 Carrera MY 2017 gives the driver the option of changing the responsiveness of the vehicle directly at the press of a button A circular indicator and a countdown timer on the display in the instrument cluster indicate how much longer the SPORT Response function will remain active before the vehicle reverts back to the previously selected mode after 20 seconds have elapsed The SPORT Response function can be activated as often as required Pressing the SPORT Response button again while the function is active, deactivates the function Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Page 9.75 Additional DME Functions & Special Control Systems Notes: Page 9.76 Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Conversion Charts Temperature Conversion Metric Conversion Formulas INCH X MM X MILE X KM (KILOMETER) X OUNCE X GRAM X POUND (lb) X kg (KILOGRAM) X CUBIC INCH X cc (CUBIC CENTIMETER) X LITERS X CUBIC FEET (cu.ft.) X CUBIC METERS X FOOTPOUND(ft lb) X Nm (NEWTON METER) X HORSEPOWER (SAE) X HORSEPOWER (DIN) X Kw (KILOWATT) X HORSEPOWER (SAE) X MPG (MILES PER GALLON) X BAR X PSI (POUND SQUARE INCH) X GALLON X LITER X FAHRENHEIT CELSIUS X 25.4 0394 1.609 621 28.35 0352 454 2.2046 16.387 061 0353 28.317 35.315 1.3558 7376 746 9861 1.34 1.014 4251 14.5 0689 3.7854 2642 32÷1.8 1.8+32 Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = MM INCH KILOMETER (KM) MILE GRAM OUNCE KILOGRAM (kg) lb (POUND) CUBIC CENTIMETER (cc) CUBIC INCH CUBIC FEET (cu.ft.) LITERS CUBIC FEET (cu.ft.) NEWTON METER (Nm) ft lb (FOOT POUND) KILOWATT (Kw) HORSEPOWER (SAE) HORSEPOWER (SAE) HORSEPOWER (DIN) Km/l (KILOMETER PER LITER) POUND/SQ INCH (PSI) BAR LITER GALLON CELSIUS FAHRENHEIT Page 10.1 Conversion Charts Notes: Page 10.2 Fuel/Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Part Number - PNA P21 005 ... your ability to repair and diagnose Porsche engine management systems Viel Spass! AfterSales Training Department Fuel/ Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Page i Page ii Fuel/ Ignition Diagnosis & Repair System... 10 Fuel/ Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Fuel/ Ignition Diagnosis & Repair Introduction Over the past several years, the engine management and related systems of Porsche vehicles have... understanding of engine management as a whole, and the relationships between these systems The engine mechanical system compresses the air and fuel mixture provided by the fuel system and the ignition