Administering medications 7th edition donna gauwitz test bank

Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action Multiple Choice Questions Which of the following terms describes the passage of a drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream? A Absorption B Distribution C Metabolism D Excretion11 Which of the following terms describes the transportation of a drug from the bloodstream to the body tissues and intended site of action? A Absorption B Distribution C Metabolism D Excretion Which of the following terms describes a series of chemical reactions that inactivate a drug by converting it into a water-soluble compound? A Absorption B Distribution C Metabolism D Excretion Which of the following terms describes the body's way of removing the waste products of ordinary cell processes? A Absorption B Distribution C Metabolism D Excretion 2-1 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action Which of the following statements describes the action that antihistamines have on the body? A Slow the body's natural reactions to irritation B Speed up the energy-producing functions of cells C Destroy parts of cells D Replace natural substances that the body lacks Which of the following statements describes the action that stimulants have on the body? A Slow the body's natural reactions to irritation B Speed up the energy-producing functions of cells C Destroy parts of cells D Replace natural substances that the body lacks Which of the following statements describe the action that insulin has on the body? A Slow the body's natural reactions to irritation B Speed up the energy-producing functions of cells C Destroy parts of cells D Replace natural substances that the body lacks Which of the following statements describes the action that antibiotics have on the body? A Slow the body's natural reactions to irritation B Speed up the energy-producing functions of cells C Destroy parts of cells D Replace natural substances that the body lacks Age, size, sex, and genetics are all factors that: A affect drug excretion B affect drug metabolism C affect drug action D affect drug distribution 2-2 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action 10 The route of administration, and the time of day that the drug is administered, diet, and environmental conditions are all factors that: A Affect drug excretion B Affect drug metabolism C Affect drug action D Affect drug distribution 11 Which of the following statements describes how a health care worker can create a positive attitude in patients who are undergoing medication therapy? A Review, with the patient, the important reasons for taking the medication B Treat the patient in a cheerful and caring manner C Maintain your own positive, confident attitude D All answers are correct 12 Which of the following describes the effect of a drug that is mainly limited to the area where it is applied or enters the body? A Side effect B Local effect C Systemic effect D Therapeutic effect 13 Which of the following describes the effect of a drug that must travel through the bloodstream to affect cells or tissues in various parts of the body? A Side effect B Local effect C Systemic effect D Therapeutic effect 2-3 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action 14 Which of the following describes the desired effect of a drug, or the reason the drug is administered? A Side effect B Local effect C Systemic effect D Therapeutic effect 15 Which of the following describes additional effects on the body that are not a part of the goal of drug therapy? A Side effects B Local effects C Systemic effects D Therapeutic effects 16 Which of the following terms describes the interaction of two drugs to inhibit or cancel each other's effect? A Synergism B Potentiation C Antagonism D Idiosyncrasy 17 Which of the following terms describes a drug interaction in which the effect of two drugs in combination is greater than the effect of each drug given separately? A Synergism B Potentiation C Antagonism D Idiosyncrasy 2-4 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action 18 Which of the following terms describes the drug interaction that occurs when two drugs are administered at the same time, and one drug increases the effect of the other? A Synergism B Potentiation C Antagonism D Idiosyncrasy 19 Psychological drug dependence is: A a drive or craving to take a drug to relieve discomfort B a physical need for the drug C the self-administration of a drug in chronically excessive quantities D a problem with people who take their own medications at home 20 Physical drug dependence is: A a drive or craving to take a drug to relieve discomfort B a physical need for the drug C the self-administration of a drug in chronically excessive quantities D a problem with people who take their own medications at home 21 Withdrawal symptoms can occur as a result of: A physical drug dependence B psychological drug dependence C drug misuse D drug side effects 22 Which of the following are examples of drugs that are commonly abused? A Caffeine, nicotine, alcohol B Barbiturates, depressants, stimulants C Anabolic steroids, sedatives, hypnotics D All answers are correct 2-5 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action 23 Which of the following statements describes the health care worker's responsibilities with respect to the administration of drugs? A The health care worker is expected to be aware of possible adverse drug reactions, drug dependence, and the improper use of drugs B The health care worker must consult his supervisor when drug abuse is suspected C The health care worker must keep medicines locked up when not in use D All answers are correct 24 Which of the following is NOT one of the four processes that affect drug action? A Absorption B Biotransformation C Distribution D Potentiation 25 Which of the following describes why pain medications are prescribed? A For the local effect they provide B For the systemic effect they provide C For the side effects they provide D For the cumulative effects they provide 26 The ability of a drug to cross the cell membrane and the rate at which it can so affects which of the following? A Pharmacokinetics B Tolerance C Side effects D Therapeutic effect 27 Which of the following is NOT a way that a drug interacts with the normal processes carried on by body cells? A The size and shape of drug molecules B The ability of drugs to dissolve in water or fat C The pH balance of drugs and cells D The route of administration 2-6 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action 28 How quickly and completely a drug is absorbed into the bloodstream affects which of the following? A Drug action B Drug tolerance C Drug toxicity D Drug dependence 29 Which of the following routes of administration provides the fastest and most dependable absorption of a drug? A Oral B Intramuscular C Buccal D Intravenous 30 Which of the following is an example of a drug that is administered through the sublingual route? A Ibuprofen B Nitroglycerin C Epinephrine D Meperidine 31 Bactrim is considered a long-lasting antibiotic for which of the following reasons? A Bactrim collects in drug reservoirs B Bactrim is absorbed very slowly C Bactrim is prescribed for to 10 days D Bactrim resists biotransformation 32 Enzymes that break down a drug are involved in which of the following processes? A Absorption B Distribution C Metabolism D Excretion 2-7 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action 33 In which of the following organs does most of the metabolism and detoxification of drugs takes place? A Kidneys B Stomach C Liver D Colon 34 The chemical composition of a drug, the rate of metabolism, and how often a drug is administered all effect which of the following? A Absorption B Distribution C Detoxification D Excretion 35 An increased risk of toxicity from exposures to high doses of a drug is not associated with which of the following patient types? A Older adult B Pediatric C Kidney disease D Pregnant 36 Which of the following are used to calculate proper adult dose? A Age and body weight B Body mass index and percent of body fat C Lean body mass and height D Body surface area and muscle mass 37 Which of the following decreases the effects of Coumadin on blood clotting? A Milk products B Green leafy vegetables C Mineral oil D Antacids 2-8 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action 38 Which of the following is an inactive substance that has no pharmacological effect but can make a patient feel better? A Placebo B Palliative drug C Legend drug D Supplement 39 Which of the following will cause drugs that are taken orally to be absorbed more quickly? A Gastrointestinal tract free of food B Increased fluid intake C Exercise D Good oral hygiene 40 Which of the following can occur with older adults who see multiple doctors and are prescribed multiple drugs? A Drug toxicity B Cumulative effect C Drug interactions D Drug tolerance 41 Which of the following is a side effect of aspirin therapy? A Stomach irritation B Constipation C Rash D Urine retention 42 When observing a patient's reaction to a drug that has been administered, determine whether you are seeing the drug's therapeutic effect or a A Side effect B Systemic effect C Drug effect D Local effect 2-9 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action 43 Edema of the pharynx and larynx, severe wheezing, and dyspnea are symptoms of which of the following? A Drug overdose B Anaphylaxis C Enzyme deficiency D Drug toxicity 44 When a patient presents with an idiosyncratic response to a drug, which of the following is the recommended treatment? A Change medication B If therapeutic, continue medication C Stop medication 45 Drugs such as opiates, nitrates, and barbiturates frequently produce which of the following? A Toxicity B Potentiation C Tolerance D Synergism 46 Which of the following can be used to reverse overdose symptoms? A Placebo B Antidote C Histamine D Epi Pen 47 Patients who take sedatives are advised to avoid drinking alcohol to avoid the possibility of which of the following? A Antagonism B Synergism C Potentiation D Toxicity 2-10 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action Key 73 (p 27) Each person's individual makeup causes slight differences in basic processes like metabolism and excretion This is an example of the effect that has on drug action genetics Responses to drug action differ according to genetics Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4 74 (p 27) Diseases of the liver and kidneys can have an important effect on the processing and elimination of drugs This is an example of how _affect drug action pathological conditions Disease can strongly affect how patients respond to drugs Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-4 75 (p 27) A patient's mental state is an important factor in the success or failure of drug therapy This is an example of the effect have on drug action psychological factors Responses to drug action differ according to psychological factors Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4 2-50 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action Key 76 (p 27) A is an inactive substance that has no pharmacological effects but may make a patient with a positive attitude "feel better." placebo A placebo is an inactive substance that has no pharmacological effect Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4 77 (p 27) As a member of the health care team, you can influence a patient's response to medication by creating a _attitude in the patient positive A patient with a positive attitude is likely to respond well to medication Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4 78 (p 24) Drugs are absorbed, distributed, and metabolized differently when given by different _ routes The route of administration affects drug action Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-3 79 (p 24) A drug will act most quickly when it is into the bloodstream injected A drug acts most quickly when injected into the bloodstream Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-3 2-51 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action Key 80 (p 24) The route of administration resulting in the longest time for drugs to show their effects is the _route oral Medications administered by mouth take the longest time to show their effects Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-3 81 (p 27) When possible, drugs that make a patient sleepy are ordered to be taken at bedtime This is an example of the effect has on drug action time of administration Care must be taken to give drugs at the time of day ordered by the physician Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4 82 (p 27) Drugs that are taken orally are absorbed most quickly if the gastrointestinal tract is free of _ food Diet plays a role in drug action Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4 2-52 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action Key 83 (p 30) When drugs collect in the body and produce an increased response, it is termed a effect of drug action cumulative A cumulative effect occurs when the body does not metabolize and excrete one dose of a drug completely before the next dose is given Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6 84 (p 30) When a patient is less responsive to a drug after repeated doses, it is termed drug tolerance Tolerance is the need for increasingly higher doses of a drug to produce the same physical and psychological effects Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6 85 (p 30) If a patient has a drug _, it must be clearly marked on the front of the chart with a bright sticker allergy The chart of a patient with a drug allergy must be clearly marked This is usually done on the front of the chart with a bright sticker Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6 2-53 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action Key 86 (p 30) Older adult patients often see several doctors who prescribe what is needed in a patient's particular case Multiple doctors and multiple drugs can lead to serious drug interactions Drug combinations can be a problem for older adults Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6 87 (p 29) Heat relaxes the blood vessels and speeds up the circulation, so drugs act faster This is an example of the effect that _conditions have on drug action environmental Extremes of weather affect the action of drugs because body functions are influenced by heat and cold Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4 88 (p 24) The term drug refers to the chemical changes the drug produces in cells and tissues action The action of a drug refers to a drug's chemical effects on body cells Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-2 2-54 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action Key 89 (p 27) The combination of biological, physical, and psychological changes that takes place in the body as a result of the drug action is termed the drug _ effect A drug's effect is defined as a physical or psychological change in a patient brought about by a drug Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-4 90 (p 30) The desired effect, or the reason a drug is administered, is termed the _effect therapeutic A therapeutic effect is a desired or predicted physiological response caused by a drug Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6 91 (p 30) Additional effects that drugs have on the body that are not part of the goal of drug therapy are termed _ effects side Side effects are desirable or undesirable effects of a drug apart from the primary purpose for giving the drug Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6 2-55 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action Key 92 (p 30) Aspirin, taken orally, is beneficial for the treatment of arthritis, but tends to irritate the lining of the stomach This side effect is controlled by giving the drug with milk or food Many side effects can be controlled by using special procedures Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6 93 (p 30) Some drugs mainly affect the area they enter, or are applied to, the body, for example, eye drops and sunburn creams This is an example of the effects of drugs local Local effect refers to having an effect in the immediate area of administration Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-5 94 (p 30) Pain medications that must travel through the bloodstream to affect cells or tissues in other parts of the body are an example drugs given for their _effects systemic Systemic effect refers to having an effect throughout the body Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-5 2-56 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action Key 95 (p 30) Occasionally, the body has an unexpected or dangerous response to a drug These unexpected conditions are called _reactions adverse Adverse reactions are unintended and undesirable effects of a drug Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6 96 (p 30) A drug is an abnormal response that occurs because a person has developed antibodies against a particular drug allergy An allergy is a reaction of the body cell to a foreign substance (antigen) to which it has previously developed antibodies Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6 97 (p 30) _is a substance released by injured cells that is responsible for the symptoms usually seen in allergic reactions Histamine Histamine is a substance released from injured cells during an allergic reaction that is responsible for allergic symptoms Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6 2-57 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action Key 98 (p 30) A substance, for example, a drug, that stimulates the production of antibodies and causes allergic reaction is termed an _ antigen An antigen is a substance that stimulates production of antibodies and causes allergic reactions Bloom's: Remember Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6 99 (p 30) An is a substance produced in the body that helps the body fight off foreign invaders like microorganisms and antigens antibody An antibody is a substance produced in the body that helps the body fight off foreign invaders like microorganisms and antigens Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6 100 (p 30) An extreme, possibly life-threatening, hypersensitivity reaction to a previously encountered antigen is termed _ anaphylaxis Anaphylaxis is a severe allergic reaction that may be fatal Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6 2-58 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action Key 101 (p 30) are abnormal or peculiar responses that people may have to certain drugs Idiosyncrasies An idiosyncrasy is a peculiar, unusual, individual response to a drug Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-6 102 (p 30) Drug _ is the need for an increasingly larger dose of a drug in order to produce the same physiological and/or psychological effects tolerance Tolerance is the need for an increasingly larger dose of a drug to produce the same physical and or psychological effect Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-6 103 (p 30) When the body cannot metabolize and excrete one dose of a drug completely before the next dose is given a effect occurs cumulative A cumulative effect occurs when the body does not metabolize and excrete one dose of a drug completely before the next dose is given Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Intermediate Learning Outcome: 2-6 2-59 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action Key 104 (p 30) An is a dose of a medication that is too large for a patient's age, size, and/or physical condition overdose An overdose is a drug dose that is too large for a person's age, size, or physical condition Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6 105 (p 30) _refers to the drug's ability to poison the body Toxicity Toxicity refers to the poisonous effect of prolonged exposure to high doses or too-frequent administration of a drug Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6 106 (p 30) An is a drug that has an opposite effect and can reverse the overdose symptoms antidote An antidote is a drug that has an opposite effect and can reverse the overdose symptoms Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6 2-60 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action Key 107 (p 30) When one drug modifies the action of another drug, it is termed a drug interaction Drug interactions occur when one drug modifies the action of another drug Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-6 108 (p 31) When two drugs administered together produce a more powerful response than the effect of each drug given separately, it is called _ synergism Synergism refers to a drug interaction in which the effect of two drugs in combination is greater than the effect of each drug given separately Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-7 109 (p 31) occurs when two drugs are administered at the same time, and one drug increases the effect of the other drug potentiation Potentiation occurs when two drugs are administered at the same time, and one drug increases the effect of the other Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-7 2-61 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action Key 110 (p 31) A drug interaction in which two drugs inhibit or cancel each other's effect is called antagonism Antagonism is the interaction of two drugs to inhibit or cancel each other's effect Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-7 111 (p 34) Drug is a strong psychological and/or physical need to take a certain drug dependence Dependence is a compulsion to continue taking a drug; it can be physical or psychological Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-8 112 (p 34) When a person has a drive or a craving to take a certain drug for pleasure or to relieve discomfort, they are experiencing drug dependence psychological In psychological drug dependence, a person has a drive or a craving to take a certain drug for pleasure or to relieve discomfort Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-8 2-62 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action Key 113 (p 34) In _drug dependence, the body grows so accustomed to the drug that it needs it to function physical In physical drug dependence, the body grows so accustomed to the drug that it needs it to function Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-8 114 (p 34) _symptoms are a set of physical reactions that occur when a person stops taking a drug on which they are physically dependent Withdrawal In physical dependence, the body grows so accustomed to the drug that it needs it to function When the drug is taken away, the person develops withdrawal symptoms Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-8 115 (p 34) Drug refers to self-administration of a drug in chronically excessive quantities, resulting in a psychological or physical dependence abuse Drug abuse is defined as taking drugs for their mood-altering effects, or taking too many drugs or too much of a drug Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-8 2-63 Chapter 002 Principles of Drug Action Key 116 (p 34) The overuse or careless use of any drug is termed drug _ misuse Drug misuse is the overuse or careless use of any drug Bloom's: Understand Difficulty: Easy Learning Outcome: 2-8 2-64