Tổng hợp ngữ pháp và từ vựng tiếng Anh 12

TỔNG HỢP TỪ VỰNG VÀ NGỮ PHÁP TIẾNG ANH LỚP 12 UNIT 1: HOME LIFE A READING - night shift: ………………………………………… - biology ( ) - biologist ( ): ……………………………………… - biological ( ): ……………………………………… - join hands: work together ……………………………………… - (be) willing to + V1: ……………………………………… - household chores: ……………………………………… - run the household: ………………………………………… - make sure ………………………………………… - rush = hurry = go quickly (v) …………………………………… - responsibility ( ): …………………………………… - responsible for (a): …………………………………… - take the responsibility for + V-ing: …………………………………… - pressure (n): …………………………………… - (be) under pressure: …………………………………… - caring (a) ………………………………… - take out = remove: …………………………………… - mischievous ( ): ……………………………………… - mischief (n): ………………………………… - give s.o a hand = help s.o: ………………………………… - o‟bedient (a) ≠ disobedient (a): ………………………………… - obedience (n): …………………………………… - obey ( ): ………………………………… - close – knit: ………………………………… - supportive of ………………………………… - „frankly (adv): …………………………………… - frank (a): ……………………………………… - make a decision = decide (v) …………………………………… - solve (v): …………………………………… - solution ( ): ………………………………… - secure (a) = safe (a) ……………………………… - security (n): ……………………………… - (be) crowded with ………………………………… - well – behaved (a): ………………………………… - confidence (n): ………………………………… - confident in s.o (a): …………………………………… - base (n) / based on = rely on …………………………………… - come up = appear, happen …………………………………… - hard-working (a) ……………………………………… - be good at …………………………………………… Task (Textbook page 14) Task 2: Who makes dinner in the family? A the father B the daughter C the son D the mother Which one is NOT TRUE according to the passage? A There are five people in the family B The father sometimes goes home late C The father doesn‟t help anything in housework D This family has a close-knit relationship What is the daughter attempting to after secondary school? A win a place at university B get over the study pressure C help her family with the household chores D pass the final exam How are the boys like? A always mischievouse B never active C quite obedient and hard working D sometimes obedient and hard working The word “them” in the last line refers to A feelings B problems C solutions D weekends B SPEAKING + C LISTENING Choose the best answer “ ?” – Yes, I‟d like to A How you do? B How about something to drink C What about going shopping? D What you like doing? I‟d like the blue jacket, please? Can you try it on? - “ ” A Yes, you would B Yes, you must C Yes, certainly D Yes, you “Thanks a lot for your wonderful gift, Tom ” _ Tom: “ _” A Thank you B Cheers C Have a good day D You are welcome Alice: “How about having a drive to the countryside this weekend?” - Mary: “ _.” A Not at all B That‟s a good idea C No, thanks D Let‟s go An: “Do you think it will rain?” - Binh: “ Oh! ” A I don‟t hope so B I don‟t hope C It‟s hopeless D I hope not Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from others a village b dangerous c gossip d passenger a which b changeable c each d characteristic a happy b husband c have d hour a iron b celebrate c parents d restaurant 10 a who b how c which d whose 11 a friend b anniversary c birthday d cream 12 a competition b competitor c contest d question 13 a feat b great c seat d beat 14 a there b than c thought d though 15 a trial b title c diverse d wilderness Choose the word whose primary stress is different from others 16 a biologist b counterpart c compliment d kindergarten 17 a applicant b maximum c category d inflation 18 a renovation b dictionary c intervention d expedition 19 a simple b polite c formal d instant 20 21 22 responsible 23 24 a hospital 25 a family D WRITING - share (v) - rule (n) a beautiful b terrific a conical b different a cultural b mischievous c wonderful d marvelous c romantic d careful c interesting d a financial b service b obedient b whenever c order c supportive c occur d.company d biology d solution ………………………………………… ………………………………………… Note: Let + O + V1: làm việc Have to / has to + V1: phải Allow / permit + O + to-inf: cho phép làm việc Allow / permit + V-ing: cho phép Be allowed / permitted + to-inf: cho phép Ex: She let me (use) her pen Students have to (wear) - uniform when going to school My mother permitted me (go) - out with my friends I was allowed (go) - out with my friends She doesn‟t allow (smoke) - in her room EXERCISE Linda has worn her new yellow dress only once since she buys it A B C D The telephone rang several times and then stop before I could answer it A B C D Debbie, whose father is an excellent tennis player, has been playing tennis since ten years A B C D I have seen lots of interesting places when I went on holiday last summer A B C D I think it‟s time you change your way of living A B C D When I‟m shopping in the supermarket, I ran into an old friend who I hadn‟t met for five years A B C D The police arrested the man while he is having dinner in a restaurant A B C D We‟ll be cycled to Hoa‟s village at this time next Sunday A B C D What will you when your friends won‟t come ? A B C D 10 Some was knocking at the door when I was doing the washing up A B C D E LANGUAGE FOCUS PRONUNCIATION: * Cách phát âm –s / -es - Có cách phát âm –s –es tận * đọc thành âm /s/ với từ có âm cuối / p, f, k, t, θ / * đọc thành âm /iz/ với từ có âm cuối / s, z, ∫, t∫, dƷ/ * đọc thành âm /z/ với trường hợp lại - Examples: * /s/: maps, books, hats, coughs, laughs, photographs … * /iz/: buses, watches, roses, washes, boxes… * /z/: bells, eyes, plays … Note: Các từ: photograph, cough, laugh có âm cuối âm /f/ GRAMMAR: TENSES Hiện đơn (Simple present) * Công thức: V thường S + V1/(s/es) S + don’t / doesn’t + V1 Wh- + / does + S + V1…? * Cách dùng: to be S + am / is / are … S + am not / isn’t / aren’t … Wh - + S + is / are …? - Chỉ thói quen Ex: She usually gets up at a.m - Chỉ thật hiển nhiên, chân lý Ex: Water freezes at degree centigrade - Chỉ hành động tương lai đưa vào chương trình, kế hoạch Ex: The new school year begins on September 5th * Dấu hiệu: every (every day, every week, every night,… ) often, sometimes, usually, always, frequently, normally, occasionally, as a rule…… twice a week, once a week… Hiện tiếp diễn (Present progressive) * Công thức: S + am / is / are + V-ing S + am / is are + not + V-ing Wh- + am / is / are + S + V-ing…? * Cách dùng: - Chỉ hành động diễn lúc nói Ex: Listen! Someone is knocking at the door I am studying English now - Chỉ hành động dự kiến có kế hoạch thực tương lai gần Ex: We are having a birthday party next week - Chỉ hành động có tính chất tạm thời Ex: Everyday she goes to work by car, but today she is going by train - Với chữ always đế diễn tả hành động làm bực bội người khác, hay lời phàn nàn… Ex: He is always talking in the class - Hai hành động xảy song song Ex: She is cooking dinner while her husband is watching T.V now * Dấu hiệu: - Câu bắt đầu mệnh lệnh như: Listen!, Look!, Pay attention!, Keep silent! Be quiet! Be careful từ: now, right now, at the moment, at present, today, while, next…(chỉ dự định) Hiện hoàn thành (Present perfect): * Công thức: S + have / has + V3/-ed S + haven’t / hasn’t + V3/-ed Wh- + have / has + S + V3/-ed…? * Cách dùng: - Chỉ hành động xảy khứ thời gian xác định Ex: I haven‟t met him before - Chỉ hành động vừa xảy ra, hay vừa hoàn tất Ex: She has just finished her homework - Chỉ hành động xảy khứ, kéo dài đến tiếp tục tương lai Ex: My father has worked in this company for 10 years * Dấu hiệu: never, ever, recently (gần đây), lately (mới đây), just (vừa mới), already (đã rồi) since + mốc thời gian: từ, từ for + khoảng thời gian, so far, up to now, up to the present, until now: before (trước đây), yet, (dùng câu phủ định câu hỏi) many times, several times: nhiều lần how long, this is the first time / the second time, four times , five times… in the last / past + số năm in the last five years: năm năm qua Hiện hoàn thành tiếp diễn * Công thức: S + have / has + been + V-ing S + haven’t / hasn’t + been + V-ing Wh- + have / has + S + been + V-ing …? * Cách dùng: - Một hành động xảy khứ, kéo dài đến tiếp tục tương lai nhấn mạnh liên tục hành động Ex: I’ve been working here for ten years now * Dấu hiệu: for + khoảng thời gian + now, Quá khứ đơn (Simple Past) * Công thức: V thường to be S + V2/-ed S + was / were … S + didn’t + V1 Wh- + did + S + V1…? * Cách dùng: S + wasn’t / weren’t … Wh - + S + was / were …? - Một hành động xảy chấm dứt thời điểm xác định khứ Ex: We bought this car two years ago - Một thói quen khứ Ex: When I was young, I often went swimming with my friends in this river - Một chuỗi hành động khứ Ex: I entered the room, turned on the light, went to the kitchen and had dinner * Dấu hiệu: yesterday ( yesterday morning, yesterday afternoon,…….) last _ ( last year, last night, last week, last month….) _ ago ( two years ago, many months ago, ten minutes ago….) in + year in the past ( năm khứ: in 1999, in 2001…) in the past, in the old times, …: trước đây, Quá khứ tiếp diễn (Past continuous): * Công thức: S + was / were + V-ing S + was / were + not + V-ing Wh- + was / were + S + V-ing…? * Cách dùng: - Một hành động diễn thời điểm xác định khứ Ex: What were you doing at pm yesterday? - Một hành động xảy khứ hành động khác xảy cắt ngang Ex: Mai was watching TV when I came home - Hai hành động xảy song song khứ Ex: While her mother was cooking dinner, her father was reading books * Dấu hiệu: At + + thời gian khứ At this/ that time + thời gian khứ Khi hai mệnh đề nối với chữ when while… Note: Hai hành động xảy khứ: hành động ngắn dùng khứ đơn; hành động dài dùng khứ tiếp diễn Last night, when they were having dinner, she entered their room Quá khứ hoàn thành (Past perfect) * Công thức: S + had + V3/-ed S + hadn’t + V3/-ed Wh- + had + S + V3/-ed…? * Cách dùng: - Một hành động xảy trước hành động khác khứ Ex: He had left the house before she came - Một hành động xảy trước thời điểm xác định khứ Ex: We had had lunch by two o‟clock yesterday By the age of 25, he had written two famous novels * Dấu hiệu: before, after, when, by the time, as soon as, as, by + thời gian khứ Note: Hai hành động xảy khứ: hành động trước dùng QKHT, hành động sau dùng QKĐ Ex: She had finished her work before she went out Quá khứ hoàn thành tiếp diễn: * Công thức: S + had been + V-ing S + hadn’t been + V-ing Wh- + had + S + been + V-ing …? * Cách dùng: - Một hành động xảy trước hành động khác trước thời điểm khứ nhấn mạnh đến tính liên tục hành động Ex: We had been waiting for two hours before she came * Dấu hiệu: before, after, when, by the time, as soon as, as, by + thời gian khứ Tương lai đơn (Simple future): * Công thức: S + will / shall + V1 S + won’t / shan’t + V1 Wh- + will / shall + S + V1…? * Cách dùng: - Một hành xảy tương lai (không có dự tính) Ex: - They will come here next week - The football match will be over at o‟clock - Một lời đề nghị hay yêu cầu (ở thể nghi vấn) Ex: Will you go to the cinema with me? - Một định đưa vào thời điểm nói Ex: The bag is very heavy – I‟ll help you * Dấu hiệu: next… ( next week, next month, … ), someday, tomorrow, soon, in + năm tương lai, in the future … Note: Để diễn tả hành động có dự định hay dự đoán tương lai, ta dùng BE GOING TO + V1: S + am / is / are + going to + V1 Ex: - Why you buy a lot of suger? – I‟m going to make a cake - Look at those clouds! It is going to rain 10 Tương lai tiếp diễn (Future continuous): * Công thức: S + will / shall + be + V-ing S + won’t / shan’t + be + V-ing Wh- + will / shall + S + be + V-ing …? * Cách dùng: - Một hành xảy thời điểm xác định tương lai Ex: - At 9a.m tomorrow, we will be studying Math * Dấu hiệu: at + tương lai (at 10 p.m tomorrow, at pm tonight…) at this time + thời gian tương lai (at this time next summer, at this time next month …) 11 Tương lai hoàn thành (Future perfect): * Công thức: S + will have + V3/-ed S + won’t have + V3/-ed Wh- + will + S + have + V3/-ed…? * Cách dùng: - Một hành động hoàn thành trước thời điểm hay hành động khác tương lai Ex: By lunch time, I will have typed five letters Before you go home tonight, I will have prepared dinner * Dấu hiệu: by + mốc thời gian, by the time, before … EXERCISE I Pronunciation: A proofs B books C points D days A asks B laughs C lives D hopes A sees B sports C pools D trains A tombs B lamps C brakes D invites A books B floors C combs D drums A cats B tapes C rides D cooks A walks B begins C helps D cuts A shoots B grounds C concentrates D forests A helps B coughs C cooks D finds 10 A hours B fathers C dreams D thinks 11 A beds B doors C plays D students 12 A arms B suits C chairs D boards 13 A boxes B classes C potatoes D finishes 14 A relieves B invents C buys D deals 15 A dreams B heals C kills D tasks 16 A resources B stages C preserves D focuses 17 A villages B whistles C assures D costumes 18 A offers B mounts C kitchens D words 19 A likes B works C accidents D names 20 A sports B households C minds D plays Choose the best answer among A, B, C, or D When I last saw him, he _ in London A has lived B is living C was living D has been living We _ Dorothy since last Saturday A don‟t see B haven‟t seen C didn‟t see D hadn‟t seen The train half an hour ago A has been leaving B left C has left D had left Jack the door A has just painted B paint C will have painted D painting My sister for you since yesterday A is looking B was looking C has been looking D looked I Texas State University now A am attending B attend C was attending D attended He has been selling motorbikes A ten years ago B since ten years C for ten years ago D for ten years Christopher Columbus _ American more than 500 years ago A discovered B has discovered C had discoveredD had been discovering He fell down when he towards the church A run B runs C was running D had run 10 We _ there when our father died A still lived B lived still C was still lived D were still living 11 They table tennis when their father comes back home A will play B will be playingC play D would play 12 By Christmas, I _ for Mr Smith for six years A shall have worked B shall work C have been working D shall be working 13 I _ in the room right now A am being B was being C have been being D am 14 I to New York three times this year A have been B was C were D had been 15 I‟ll come and see you before I _ for the States A leave B will leave C have left D shall leave 16 The little girl asked what _ to her friend A has happened B was happened C had happened D would have been happened 17 John a book when I saw him A is reading B read C was reading D reading 18 Her brother in Canada at present A working B works C is working D work 19 I to the same barber since last year A am going B have been going C go D had gone 20 Her father when she was a small girl A dies B died C has died D had died 21 Almost everyone _ for home by the time we arrived A leave B left C leaves D had left 22 By the age of 25, he two famous novels A wrote B writes C has written D had written 23 While her husband was in the army, Mary to him twice a week A was reading B wrote C was written D had written 24 I have never played badminton before This is the first time I _ to play A try B tried C have tried D am trying 25 Since _, I have heard nothing from him A he had left B he left C he has left D he was left 26 After I _ lunch, I looked for my bag A had B had had C have has D have had 27 By the end of next year, George _ English for two years A will have learned B will learn C has learned D would learn 28 The man got out of the car, round to the back and opened the book A walking B walked C walks D walk 29 Henry _ into the restaurant when the writer was having dinner A was going B went C has gone D did go 30 He will take the dog out for a walk as soon as he dinner A finish B finishes C will finish D finishing 31 How long _ able to drive? – since 1990 A could you B have you been C were you D are you 32 They since eight o‟clock A are talking B have been talking C talked D talk 33 My brother _ in the army from 1990 to 1995 A served B has served C had served D is serving 34 At this moment, I _ that we have a good chance of victory A was feeling B am feeling C feel D had been feeling 35 I _ the money from him yet A haven‟t received B don‟t receive C will receive D am receiving 36 This is the most interesting book _ A I‟ve read B I had read C I‟ve ever readed D I‟ve ever read 37 I him ten days ago A see B saw C have seen D will see 38 At present, that author a historical novel A is writing B was writing C has written D had written 39 By next month, I _ my first novel A will finish B am going to finish C finish D will have finished 40 Mr John _ to Los Angeles in 1992 A had gone B has gone C went D was going 41 They the exercise when their teacher comes back A are doing B will be doing C D would 42 By Christmas, I for the company for five years A shall have been working B shall work C have been working D shall be working 43 We exam at o‟clock next Monday A will take B will be taking C take D would take 44 By the end of next year, my son _ English for six months A will learn B will have learned C has learned D had learned 45 I will contact you as soon as I _the information A will get B get C got D had got 46 When I walk past the park, I saw some children playing football A B C D 47 After John eaten dinner, he wrote several letters and went to bed A B C D 48 What did you at o'clock last night? I was phoning you but nobody answered A B C D 49 I think I won‟t come to the party because I had an interview for a job with a publishing firm A B C D 50 When you will come to Dalat next summer, I will take you round the city A B C D ... âm –s –es tận * đọc thành âm /s/ với từ có âm cuối / p, f, k, t, θ / * đọc thành âm /iz/ với từ có âm cuối / s, z, ∫, t∫, dƷ/ * đọc thành âm /z/ với trường hợp lại - Examples: * /s/: maps, books,... recently (gần đây), lately (mới đây), just (vừa mới), already (đã rồi) since + mốc thời gian: từ, từ for + khoảng thời gian, so far, up to now, up to the present, until now: before (trước đây),... photographs … * /iz/: buses, watches, roses, washes, boxes… * /z/: bells, eyes, plays … Note: Các từ: photograph, cough, laugh có âm cuối âm /f/ GRAMMAR: TENSES Hiện đơn (Simple present) * Công