MENSTRUAL HYGIENE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE AND ITS DETERMINANTS AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN SECOND CYCLE STUDENTS OF SEBETA TOWN, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA

ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH A THESIS TO BE SUBMITTED TO ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY, COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES, SCHOOL OF PUBLIC HEALTH; IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE REQUIREMENT OF MASTERS DEGREE IN PUBLIC HEALTH TITLE: MENSTRUAL HYGIENE MANAGEMENT PRACTICE AND ITS DETERMINANTS AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN SECOND CYCLE STUDENTS OF SEBETA TOWN, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA By: Abera Degefu (BA) Advisor: Mirgissa Kaba (PhD) June 2017 Addis Ababa MENSTRUAL HYGIENE MANAGEMENT AND ITS DETERMINANTS AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN SECOND CYCLE STUDENTS IN SEBETA TOWN, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA By: Abera Degefu (BA) Advisor: Mirgissa Kaba (PhD) June 2017 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia ASSURANCE OF PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR The undersigned agrees to accept responsibility for the scientific ethical and technical conduct of the research project and for provision of required progress reports as per terms and conditions of the Research Publications Office in effect at the time of Grant is forwarded as the result of this application Name of the student: _ Date. Signature _ Approval of the primary Advisor Name of the Primary Advisor: _ Date. Signature _ Name of investigator Abera Degefu Name of Advisor(s) Mirgissa Keba(PHD) Full title of the research project MENSTRUAL HYGIENE MANAGEMENT AND ITS DETERMINANTS AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN SECOND CYCLE STUDENTS OF SEBETA TOWN, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA Duration of project August 2016- January 2017 Study Area Sebeta Town Address of investigator Tel: 0911 410832 Mail:aberafana5@gmail.com ii Table of Contents Table of Contents .i Acknowledgement iii Acknowledgement iii Acronyms and Abbreviations iv List of Tables v List of Figures vi Abstract vii CHAPTER Introduction .1 1.1 Background 1.2 Problem Statement .2 1.3 Rationale of the study CHAPTER Literature Review .4 2.1 Awareness and attitude towards menstruation and its management 2.2 Environmental determinants of menstrual hygiene management 2.3 Socio-economic determinants of menstrual hygiene management CHAPTER Objectives 3.1 General Objective 3.2 Specific objectives CHAPTER Methods 10 4.1 Study Setting 10 4.2 Study Design 10 4.3 Study period 10 4.4 Population 10 4.4.1 Source Population 10 4.4.2 Study Population 10 4.4.3 Study Units 10 4.5 Sampling Procedure 11 4.5.1 Sample Size 11 4.5.2 Sampling Technique 11 4.5.3 Inclusion Criteria 13 4.5.4 Exclusion criteria 13 4.6 Measurement Variables 13 i 4.6.1 Dependent Variable 13 4.6.2 Independent variables 13 4.7 Data Collection Procedures 13 4.8 Data Processing and Analysis 14 4.9 Data Quality Management 15 4.10 Ethical Consideration 15 4.11 Dissemination of Results 16 4.13 Operational Definition 16 CHAPTER Result 17 5.1 Background Characteristics of the Respondents 17 5.2 Awareness and Communication about Menstruation and Menstrual Hygiene Management 19 5.3 Determinants of Menstrual Hygiene Management Practice 21 5.4 Multivariable Analysis of Determinants of Menstrual Hygiene Management Practice 25 CHAPTER Discussion 28 CHAPTER Conclusion and Recommendation 31 7.1 Conclusion 31 7.2 Recommendation 31 References Annex Questionnaire ii Acknowledgement I would like to express my gratitude to my thesis advisor Dr Mirgissa Kaba He was engaged in the entire research process from the beginning by helping me in topic selection, research proposal writing, and continuous monitoring of the thesis writing and forwarding invaluable comments His words have always inspired me to a higher level of thinking What I learn from my advisor is not only how to write research proposal to meet graduation requirements, but also how to view things in different perspectives I am also indebted to Dr Asefa Seme, for his continuous follow up from entry to the program until now and also for his gentle introduction to research methodology iii Acronyms and Abbreviations AAU ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY AOR ADJUSTED ODDS RATIO CI CONFIDENCE INTERVAL COR CRUDE ODDS RATIO FGD FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION MHP MENSTRUAL HYGIENE PRACTICE MHM MENSTRUAL HYGIEN MANAGEMENT ORHB OROMIA REGIONAL HEALTH BEAREAU SD STANDARED DIVATION SPSS STATISTICAL PACKAGE FOR SOCIAL SCIENCES UNICEF UNITED NATION CHILDREN FUND WASH WATER, SANITATION AND HYGIENE WHO WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION iv List of Tables Table 1: Background characteristics of in school adolescent girls, Sebeta 2017 18 Table 2: Knowledge and communication about menstruation among in-school adolescent girls, Sebeta 2017 21 Table 3: Percent distribution of menstrual hygiene practice by socio-economic and demographic characteristics of in-school adolescent girls, Sebeta 2017 .22 Table 4: School absenteeism and reasons for absence during menstruation of in-school girls, Sebeta 2017 23 Table 5: Percent distribution of menstrual hygiene practice by knowledge and attitude of inschool adolescent girls, Sebeta 2017 24 Table 6: Result from Logistic Regression Analysis for Menstrual Hygiene Management Practice among in-school adolescent girls, Sebeta 2017 27 v List of Figures Figure 1: Conceptual Framework of the Study Figure 2: Sampling Procedure Scheme 12 Figure 3: Source of information about menstruation for in-school adolescents, Sebeta 2017 19 Figure 4: Source of information about menstrual hygiene for in-school adolescents, Sebeta 2017 20 Figure 5: Menstrual Hygiene Management Practices among in-School Adolescent Girls, Sebeta 2017 23 vi 402 Is there enough amount of water in yes your school? not always not at all 403 Is the water is accessible for use? Yes No 404 405 Is there isolated places to change Yes sanitary pad? No Was there a time when you did not Yes go No to school during your menstruation period? 406 For how many days on average were 1-2 days you absent from school monthly 3-4 days due to inconvenience by your period? 407 What is the reason for your absentees? Lack of water in the school Lack of separate latrine for female in the school Fear of leakage Abdominal pain 408 Do you ask your homeroom teacher Yes permission when you are on your No period by telling the fact? 409 What reason you give to get Family reason permission? Illness Other social problem Gaafii hubannaa shamarran kutaa fi 8tiiti baratan marsaa laguu irrati qaban ilaalchisee ragaa guuruuf qophaa’e Uunka Walii-galtee hayyamaa Akkam bultan/ooltan dargaggoo? Ani jedhama.Dhaabbatni ani irraa dhufes Yunivarsiitii Finfinnee koollajjii saayinsii fayyaatti dame barnoota Saayisii Fayyaa Hawaasaa irraa ti An dhimma marsaa laguu irrati hubannaa fi qophaa‟ina shamarranii sabbattaa irratti qorannoo gaggeessa ilaalchisee Magaalaa Kaayyoon qorannoo kanaas rakkoo hanqina hubannaa qulqullina marsaa laguu eeguu waliin walqabatee jiru adda baasuuf yoo ta‟u qorannoon kuniis barattootni shamarran kutaa shanii hanga sadeetiiti barachaa jiran fedhii fi hayyama isaaniitiin gaafannoo dhiyaatee guuchisuun kan raawwatuudha Dhimma kana ilaalchisee qorannoo kanaaf kan gargaaran gaafiiwwan qophaa‟anii jiru ragaan isin nuuf kennitan hundi iccitiidhaan kan qabamanii fi maqaa keessaniin wanti ibsamu tokkolleen kan hin jirre ta‟uu isaa isinii mirkaneessuu barbaanna Waraqaa gaafannoo irrati maqaa keessan barreessuun hin barbaachisu Gaaffii yoo qabaattan yeroo barbaaddaniitti teessoo kanaan obbo Abarraa Dagafuu gaafachuu ni danddeessu 0911410832 Akkasumas gaaffii biraa yoo qabaattab Yunveerstii Finfinnee bilbilan kanaan (0115538734) gaafachuu nidaneessu Qorannoo kan keessatti hirmaachuuf yoo fedha keessan ta‟e, bakka duwwaa qophaa‟ee jiru irrati mallatteesaatii gara fuula isa itti annuutti darbaa.Waraqaa kana irratti maqaan keessan hin barbaadamu Kan barbaadamu deebii keessan qofa waan ta‟eef dhugaa qabatamaa beektan irrati hundaa‟uun gaafiiwwan deebisaa.annaa Yeroo keessaniif isin galateefadha WALII-GALTEE Yaada armaan olitti ibsame dubbisee hubadheera.Qorannoo kana keessatti hirmaachuun fedhii koo ti Hirmaachuuf wlii Guyyaa galeera Mallattoo _ Yaada armaan olitti ibsame dubbisee hubadhee.Qorannoo kana keessatti hirmaachuun garuu fedhii koo miti Mallattoo Guyyaa _ Yeroo keessan fudhattanii waan yaada keessan nuuf kennitaniif baay‟ee galatoomaa Galatoomaa Gaafannoo lak k Gaafiiwwan Codes and catagories Kutaa 1ffaa Odeeffanoo waliigalaa 101 Umrii 102 Kutaa 103 Iddoo jireenyaa 104 Amantaan maali? kee Magaalaa Baadiyyaa Orthodoksii Protestaantii Musliima kan biraa(haa ibsamu) 105 Qomoo/shanyiin kee maali? oromo Amaara Guraagee kan biroo (haa ibsamu) 106 Eenyu jiraata? waliin Abbaa fi haadha koo waliin Haadha koo waliin Abbaa koo waliin Fira waliin Kophaa koo 107 Haalli baruumsa abbaa keetii Kan hin baranne Dubbisuuf barreesuu kan danda‟u Barumsa sad 1ffaa kan barate (kutaa 1-8) Sadarkaa 2ffaa fi sanaa ol 108 Haalli baruumsa Haadha keetii 109 Hojiin Abbaa keetii Kan hin baranne Dubbisuuf barreesuu kan dandeessu Barumsa sad 1ffaa kan baratte (kutaa 1-8) Sadarkaa 2ffaa fi sanaa ol Qotee bulaa daldalaa hojjataa mootummaa hojjataamiti mootummaa kan dhuunfaa kan hojjatu kan boroo yoo ta‟e haa ibsamu 110 Hojiin harmee/Haadha keetii kunuunsituu maatii Qotee bulaa daldalaa hojjataa mootummaa hojjataamiti mootummaa kan dhuunfaa kan hojjatu kan boroo yoo ta‟e haa ibsamu Kutaa 2ffaa hubannaa/beekumsa marsaa laguu irrati qaban ilaalchisee 201 Marsaan laguu dhufuu danda‟a? maal irraa 202 Waa‟ee maalummaa marsaa laguu otoo hin argiin dura dhageessee beektaa? guddachuu mallatoo dhibeeti hin beeku Eeyyee Lakkii Deebiin kee gaafii 202 laakkii yoo ta‟e gaafii 203 bira dabri 203 Deebiin kee gaafii 202 “eeyyee” erga ta‟e eenyu irraa dhageesse? 204 Yeroo jalqabaaf marsaa laguu yemmuu agartu umriin kee meeqa ture? Haadha koo Obboleetii koo Gumii shamaranii Miidiyaa irraa Hiriyaa koo iraa Barsiisaa/tu koo Kan biro taanaan ibsi _ 205 Yeroo jalqaba marsaa laguu argite sanati maaltu sitti dhaga‟ame? Soda qaanii dhiphachuu hunda 206 Yeroo jalqaba marsaa laguu Harmee koof Obboleetii koof 207 yemmuu agartu eenyuuti himte? Barsiisaa/tuu koof Hiriyaa koof Nama kamittuu hin himne Kan biro taanaan ibsi Haala eegumsa qulqullina marsaa laguu hubannaa qabdaa? eeyyee lakkii Deebiin kee gaafii 207 „lakkii‟ yoo ta‟e gaafii 208 bira dabri 208 Deebiin kee gaafii 207 “eeyyee” yoo ta‟e maddi odeefannoo keetii eenyu? 209 Yeroo marsaan laguu sitti dhufu qaama hormaataa dhiqachuun barbaachisaadha jettee ni‟amantaa? 210 Dhangala‟aa marsaa laguu akka uffata kee hin tuqne maal fayyadamta? 211 Yeroo marsaan laguu kee dhufu guyyati si‟a meeqa qaama hormaata kee dhiqata? 212 Yemmuu dhiqatu fayyadamta? 213 Yeroo marsaan laguu kee dhufu guyyati si meeqa uffata ykn modasii jijjiirta? Al tokko Al lama Al sadii 214 Uffata ykn moodasii al tokko fayyadamte irra deebitee isuma sana erga dhiqate booda Eeyyee Lakkii maal Haadha koo Obboleetii koo Gumii shamaranii Miidiyaa irraa Hiriyaa koo irraa Barsiisota koo Kan biro taanaan ibsi Eeyyee Lakkii Uffata/carqii/ moodasii kan biro taanaan haa ibsamu Al tokko Al lama Al sadii fi isaa ol Bishaanii fi saamunaa Bishaan qofa fayyadamtaa? Kutaa 3ffaa waa’ee eegumsa qulqullina marsaa laguu irrati odeeffannoo qabaachuu 301 Maatii kee keessati waa‟ee marsaa laguu iftoominaan ni mari‟attuu/dubbattuu? Eeyyee Lakkii Deebiin kee gaafii 301 „lakkii‟ yoo ta‟e gaafii 302 bira dabri 302 303 304 Deebiin kee gaafii 301 „eeyyee‟ yoo ta‟e Eenyu waliin marii‟ata? Mana keessati hin dubbatamu taanaan sababni isaa maali? Moodasii bita jettee nigaafataa? maatii kee maallaqa Harmee koo Abbaa koo Obboleetii hangafa koo Kan biro taanaan ibsamu _ eeyyee 306 Barsiisoota kee waliin waa‟ee marsaa laguu ifati dubbataa? Deebiin kee gaafii 306 „lakkii‟ gaafii 307 dabri Qaanii waan ta‟eef Safuu waan ta‟eef Hunda Kan biroo jiraannaan ibsamu _ lakkii Eeyyee Lakkii yoo ta‟e 307 Deebiin kee gaafii 306 „eeyyee‟ yoo ta‟e Barsiisaan waliin mari‟atu? 308 Waa‟ee marsaa laguu hiriyoota kee waliin mari‟attaa? Eeyyee Lakkii 309 Deebiin kee gaafii 308 „eyyee‟ yoo ta‟e eenynu waliin mari‟ata? Hiriyaa shamarran Hiriyaa dhiiraa Barsiisaa dhiiraa Barsiistuu dubartii Lachanuu waliin haa haa Lamaanuu waliin Kutaa 4ffaa Haala naannawa mana baruumsaa 401 Mana baruumsaa keetiitti shamarranii kophaati jiraa? manni fincaanii 402 Mana baruumsaa keeti marsaa laguu dhiqachuu yemmuu barbaadu Bishaan fayyadamuuf yeroo hunda argataa? Eeyyee Lakkii eeyyee jira garuu fayyadamuuf mijataa miti hin jiru 403 Modasii /uffata/ jijjiiruuf iddoon shamaranniif mijataa ta‟e mana baruumsaa keessaniiti jiraa? 404 Deebiin kee gaafii 403 „lakkii‟ taanaan eessatii jijjirta?ibsi 405 Marsaan laguu yemmuu siti dhufu mana baruumsaa irraa yeroon itti haftu jiraa? Eeyyee Lakkii _ Eeyyee Lakkii Deebiin gaafii 405„ lakkii‟ yoo ta‟e gaafii 406,fi 407, bira dabri 406 Guyyoota meeqaaf sababa marsaa laguutiin mana baruumsaa irraa hafta? Guyyaa 1-2 Guyyaa 2-3 Guyyoota 3-4 407 Maaliif mana baruumsaatii hafta? Manni fincaanii waan hin jirreef Bishaan mana baruumsaa keessa waan hin jirreef Yoo narrati mul‟ate jedhee sodaachuun Waan garaa nadhukkubuu Sababa biro taanaan ibsi _ 408 Yeroo mana baruumsaatii haftu eeyyama yemmuu gaafatu sababni dhiyyeefatu maali? Marsaan laguu sitti dhufuu himuun Sababa kan biro dhiyeessuun 409 Deebiin kee gaafii 408 „hin gaafadhu‟ yoo ta‟e sababa maalii dhiyeeffata Rakkoo maatii ibsachuun Mataa na dhukkube jechuun Sababoota biraa jiraate yoo ፍቃደኝነትን ፡ መግሇጫ በተሰጠኝ ማብራርያ መሰረት የጥናቱን አሊማ ተረድቼ ጥያቄዎቹን ሇመመሇስ ፍቃደኛ ነኝ፡፡ ፍቃደኛ መሆኔን በፊርማዬ አረጋግጣሇሁ፡፡ መጠይቅ ቀን ተ.ቁ ጥያቄዎች ክፍሌ 1፡- አጠቃሊይ መረጃ 101 እድሜ 102 ክፍሌ 103 የመኖሪያ አድራሻ ከተማ ገጠር 104 እምነትሽ ምንድነዉ? 105 ብሄርሽ ምንድነው? ኦሮሞ ኦርቶዶክስ ፕሮቴስታንት ሙስሉም ላሊ ካሇ ይገሇፅ አማራ ጉራጌ ላሊ ይገሇፅ 106 ከማን ጋር ነው የምትኖሪው? ከእናቴና ከአባቴ ጋር ከእናቴ ጋር ከአባቴ ጋር ከዘመድ ጋር ብቻዬን 107 የአባትሽ የትምህርት ደረጃ ምንም አሌተማረም መፃፍና ማንበብ የሚችሌ የመጀመሪያ ደረጃ(1-8)ክፍሌ ሁሇተኛ ደረጃና ከዚያ በሊይ 108 የእናትሽ የትምህርት ደረጃ ምንም አሌተማረም መፃፍና ማንበብ የሚችሌ የመጀመሪያ ደረጃ(1-8)ክፍሌ ሁሇተኛ ደረጃና ከዚያ በሊይ 109 የአባትሽ ስራ አርሶ አደር(ገበሬ) ነጋዴ የመንግስት ተቀጣሪ መንግስታዊ ያሌሆነ ድርጅት የግሌ ላሊ (ይገሇፅ) 110 የእናትሽ ስራ ቤተሰብ ተንከባካቢ አርሶ አደር(ገበሬ) ነጋዴ የመንግስት ተቀጣሪ መንግስታዊ ያሌሆነ ድርጅት የግሌ ላሊ (ይገሇፅ) ክፍሌ 2፡- ስሇ ወር አበባ ንፅህና አጠባበቅ ያሇ እውቀት መዳሰሻ፡፡ 201 የወር አበባ ከምን ይመጣሌ ከእድገት የህመም ምሌክት ነው አሊውቅም 202 የወር አበባ ሳታዪ በፊት ስሇ ወር አበባ ታውቂ ነበር አዎ አሊውቅም የ 202 መሌስ ‘አሊውቅም ከሆነ 203ን እሇፊ 203 የ 202 መሌስ አዎ ከሆነ ማን ነገረሽ እናቴ እህቴ ከት/ት ቤት ክበብ ከሚዲያ ከጋደኛዬ መምህሬ ላሊ ካሇ ዪገሇጽ 204 ሇመጀመሪያ ግዜ የወር አበባ ስታዪ እድሜሽ ስንት ነበር? 205 መጀመሪያ የወር አበባ ሲታይሽ ምን ተሰማሽ ? ፍርሀት እፍረት መጨነቅ ሁለም ላሊ ይገሇጽ 206 የወር አበባ ሇመጀመሪያ ግዜ ሲታይሽ ሇእናቴ ሇማን ነገርሽ ? ሇታሊቅ እህቴ ሇአስተማሪዎቼ ሇጋደኛዬ 5.ሇማንም አሌነገርኩም 207 ስሇ ወር አበባ ቀደም ሲሌ እውቀት /መረጃ ነበረሽ? አዎ አሌነበረኝም የ 207 መሌስሽ አሌነበረኝም ከሆነ የ 208 ጥያቄን እሇፊ 208 የ 207 መሌስሽ አዎ ከሆነ የመረጃ ምንጭሽ ማን ነበር? እናቴ እሀቴ ከት/ቤት ክበብ ከሚዲያ ከጋደኛዬ መምህሬ ላሊ ካሇ ይገሇጽ 209 210 የወር አበባ ሲመጣብሽ የመራቢያ አካሌሽን መታጠብ እንዳሇብሽ ታምኚያሇሽ ሇወር አበባ ፍሳሽ መቀበያ ምንድነዉ የምትጠቀሚዉ አዎ አሊምንም ሌብስ ሞደስ ላሊ ካሇ ይገሇጽ - 211 በወር አበባ ግዜ በቀን ስንቴ ብሌትሽን ትታጠቢያሇሽ? በቀን አንዴ በቀን ሁሇቴ በቀን ሶስቴና ከዚያ በሊይ 212 ስትታጠቢ ምን ትጠቀሚያሇሽ ዉሃና ሳሙና ዉሃ ብቻ 213 በወር አበባ ግዜ ስንት ግዜ ሞደስሽን ትቀይሪያሇሽ? በቀን አንዴ በቀን ሁሇቴ በቀን ሶስቴና ከዚያ በሊይ 214 የተጠቀምሺውን ሌብስ/ሞደስ ደግመሽ ትጠቀሚያነሽ አዎ አሌጠቀምም ክፍሌ 3፡- ስሇ ወር አበባ ንፅኅና የሚደረግ ዉይይትን በተመሇከተ 301 በቤተሰብ ዉስጥ ስሇ ወር አበባ ዉይይት ታደርጋሊችሁ? በግሌፅ አዎ አናደርግም የ 301 ጥያቄ መሌስ አናደርግም ከሆነ 302ን እሇፊ 302 ስሇ ወር አበባ በብዛት ከማን ጋር ነዉ የምትወያዪዉ? 303 በቤተሰባችሁ ዉስጥ ስሇ ወር አበባ ውይይት ከላሇ ምክንያቱ ምንድነዉ? ስሇ ሚያሳፍር በነውር ስሇሆነ ሁለም ላሊ ካሇ ይገሇጽ 304 ሞደስ ሇመግዛት ቤተሰብን ገንዘብ ትጠዪቂያሇሽ? አዎ 305 የ 304 ጥያቄ መሌስሽ አሌጠይቅም ከእናቴ ከአባቴ ከታሊቅ እህቴ ላሊ ካሇ ይገሇጽ አሌጠይቅም ስሇማፍር ከሆነ ምክንያትሽ 306 ሌላ ካሇ ይገሇጽ - ከመምህራኖችሽ ጋር ስሇ ወር አበባ ትወያያሇሽ? አዎ አሌወያይም የ 306 መልስ አልወያይም ከሆነ 307ን እሇፊ 307 የ 306 መልስ አዎ ከሆነ በብዛት ከማን ጋር ነው የምትወያዪው? ከወንድ መምህራን ጋር ከሴት መምህራን ጋር ከሁሇቱም ጋር 308 ስሇ ወር አበባ ከጋደኞችሽ ጋር ትወያያሇሽ አዎ አሌወያይም 309 የ 308 ጥያቄ መልስ አዎ ከሆነ በብዛት ከማን ጋር ነው የምትወያዪው? ከሴት ጋደኞቼ ጋር ከወንድ ጋደኞቼ ጋር ከሁሇቱም ጋር ክፍሌ 4፡- ስሇ ት/ም ቤት አካባቢ 401 በትምህርት ቤታችሁ የሴቶች መፀዳጃ ቤት ሇብቻዉ ተሇይቶ አሇ? አዎ የሇም በትምህርት ቤታችሁ ሇመታጠብ ስትፈሌጊ ውሃ ታገኚያሇሽ? አዎ አሇ ግን አይደሇም ጭራሽ የሇም 403 ሞደስ የምትቀይሩበት የተሇየ ቦታ በትምህርት ቤታችሁ ውስጥ አሇ? አዎ የሇም 404 የ 403 መሌስሽ የሇም ከሆነ የት ነው የምትቀይሪው 402 405 የወር አበባ ሲመጣብሽ ትምህርት የማትሄጂበት ግዜ አሇ? አዎ የሇም የጥያቄ 405 መሌስሽ የሇም ከሆነ ጥያቄ 406 እና 407ን እሇፊ 406 በወር አበባ ግዜ በአማካይ በየወሩ ቀን ከትምህርት ትቀሪያሇሽ? ሇመታጠብ ስንት ከ 1-2 ቀን ከ 2-3 ቀናት ምቹ ከ 3-4 ቀናት 407 ሇምንድነዉ ከትምህርት ቤት የምትቀሪዉ 408 የክፍሌ ሀሊፊ/ ስም ጠሪሽን በወር አበባሽ ግዜ እውነቱን ነግረሽ ፍቃድ ት/ቤት ሽንት ቤት ስሇላሇ ት/ቤት ዉሃ ስሇላሇ ይታይብኛሌ ብዬ ስሇምፈራ ስሇሚያመኝ አዎ ውነቱን ነግሬ አሌጠይቅም ትጠይቂያሇሽ ? 409 የ408 ጥያቄመሌስሽ አሌጠይቅም ከሆነ ምን ምክንያት ነው የምትጠቀሚው ?? የቤተስብ ችግር እንዳሇ በመናገር እራሴን አሞኛሌ በማሇት ላልች ምክንያት በማቅረብ ... project MENSTRUAL HYGIENE MANAGEMENT AND ITS DETERMINANTS AMONG ADOLESCENT GIRLS IN SECOND CYCLE STUDENTS OF SEBETA TOWN, OROMIA, ETHIOPIA Duration of project August 2016- January 2017 Study Area Sebeta. .. menstruation and management of it among adolescent girls in second cycle schools of Sebeta This study, therefore, attempts to assess the menstrual hygiene practice among in school adolescent girls and its. .. level of menstrual hygiene management practice among in- school adolescent girls  To assess socio-economic determinants of menstrual hygiene management practice of adolescent girls  determine