Chapter Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Managing Data Resources 7.1 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Objectives Why businesses have trouble finding the information they need in their information systems? How does a database management system help businesses improve the organization of their information? 7.2 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Objectives How the principal types of database models affect the way businesses can access and use information? What are the managerial and organizational requirements of a database environment? What new tools and technologies can make databases more accessible and useful? 7.3 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Management Challenges Organizational obstacles to a database environment Cost/benefit considerations 7.4 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment File Organization Terms and Concepts • Bit: Smallest unit of data; binary digit (0,1) • Byte: Group of bits that represents a single character • Field: Group of words or complete number • Record: Group of related fields • File: Group of records of the same type 7.5 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment File Organization Terms and Concepts • Database: Group of related files • Entity: Person, place, thing, or event about which information must be kept • Attribute: A piece of information describing a particular entity • Key field: Field that uniquely identifies every record in a file 7.6 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment The data hierarchy Figure 7-1 7.7 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment Entities and attributes Figure 7-2 7.8 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment Problems with the Traditional File Environment • Data redundancy • Program-data dependence • Lack of flexibility • Poor security • Lack of data-sharing and availability 7.9 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Organizing Data in a Traditional File Environment Traditional file processing Figure 7-3 7.10 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Creating a Database Environment Management Requirements for Database Systems Database Technology, Management, and Users • Databases require DBMS software and staff • Database design group defines and organizes structure and content of database • Database administration: establish physical database, logical relations, access rules 7.38 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Database Trends Multidimensional Data Analysis Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) • Multidimensional data analysis • Enables users to view the same data in different ways using multiple dimensions • Each aspect of information – product, price, region – represents a different dimension 7.39 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Database Trends Multidimensional data model Figure 7-15 7.40 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Database Trends Data Warehouses and Datamining • Data warehouse: Stores current and historical data for reporting, analysis • Data mart: Subset of data warehouse with summary of data for specific users • Datamining: Techniques to find hidden patterns, relationships in large pools of data to infer rules for predicting future trends 7.41 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Database Trends Components of a data warehouse Figure 7-16 7.42 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Database Trends Data Warehouses and Datamining Benefits of Data Warehouses • Improved information and accessibility • Ability to model and remodel data • Enable access to data without affecting performance of underlying operational legacy systems 7.43 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Database Trends Window on Management Data Reveal New Sales Opportunities • How did the use of data warehouses and datamining help management at these companies make better decisions? • What value these systems provide? 7.44 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Database Trends Data Warehouses and Datamining Hypermedia database • Organizes data as network of nodes • Links nodes in pattern specified by user • Supports text, graphic, sound, video and executable programs 7.45 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Database Trends A hypermedia database Figure 7-17 7.46 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Database Trends Databases and the Web Linking Internal Databases to the Web • Database server: – Hosts DBMS – Receives SQL requests – Provides required data • Middleware: – Works between Web server and DBMS to take requests – Handles connectivity to database – Can be application server or CGI scripts 7.47 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Database Trends Linking internal databases to the Web Figure 7-18 7.48 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Database Trends Databases and the Web Advantages to Web Access to Databases • Browser software easy to use; little training • Web interface requires no changes to internal database • Costs less than custom interfaces 7.49 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Database Trends Window on Technology Web Access for Royal Bank Statements Pays Off • What are the business benefits of providing a Web interface for the Bankbook Reconstruct application? • What value does this application provide the company and its customers? 7.50 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Chapter Case Study Database Woes Plague Homeland Security and Law Enforcement Briefly summarize why it is important to connect much of the data in many of the federal, state, and local information systems Describe the major data management problems in bringing these data together Describe the management, organization, and technology issues that need to be addressed to make these data easily available to those who need it 7.51 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Chapter Case Study Database Woes Plague Homeland Security and Law Enforcement Suppose you are a consultant to the federal government Based on what you have read in this chapter, suggest and describe three approaches you might recommend for making this massive amount of data easily and quickly available when needed 7.52 © 2005 by Prentice Hall ... © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources The Database Approach to Data Management Database Management Systems Database Management... 7-3 7.10 © 2005 by Prentice Hall Essentials of Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources The Database Approach to Data Management Database Management Systems Database... Management Information Systems, 6e Chapter Managing Data Resources Objectives Why businesses have trouble finding the information they need in their information systems? How does a database management