GIAO TRINH PRO ENGLISH P2

/25 Mass: /mæs / • mass /mæs/ adjective [ before noun ] having an effect on or involving a large number of people or forming a large amount weapons of mass destruction a mass murderer • mass /mæs/ noun LARGE AMOUNT [ S ] a large amount of something that has no particular shape or arrangement The explosion reduced the church to a mass of rubble The forest is a mass of colour in autumn • mass /mæs/ noun PHYSICS [ C ] SPECIALIZED (in physics) the amount of matter in any solid object or in any volume of liquid or gas The acceleration of a body equals the force exerted on it divided by its mass • mass /mæs/ verb [ I ] to come together in large numbers Thousands of troops have massed along the border in preparation for an invasion • measure /ˈmeʒ.ə r / /-ɚ/ noun METHOD [ C usually plural ] a way of achieving something, or a method for dealing with a situation What further measures can we take to avoid terrorism? • amount /əˈmaʊnt/ noun [ C ] : a collection or mass especially of something which cannot be counted They didn't deliver the right amount of sand • matter /ˈmæt.ə r / /ˈmæt ̬.ɚ/ noun SUBSTANCE [ U ] physical substance in the universe Some scientists believe that there is about ten times as much matter in the universe as astronomers have observed Mass: /mæs / • object /ˈɒb.dʒɪkt/ /ˈɑːb-/ noun THING [ C ] a thing that you can see or touch but that is not usually a living animal, plant or person a solid/material/physical object • molecule /ˈmɒl.ɪ.kjuːl/ /ˈmɑː.lɪ-/ noun [ C ] The simplest unit of a chemical substance, usually a group of two or more atoms • atom /ˈæt.əm/ /ˈæt ̬-/ noun [ C ] : nguyên tử the smallest unit of any chemical element, consisting of a positive nucleus surrounded by negative electrons Atoms can combine to form a molecule A molecule of carbon dioxide (CO ) has one carbon atom and two oxygen atoms Mass: /mæs / • proton /ˈprəʊ.tɒn/ /ˈproʊ.t ̬ɑːn/ noun [ C ] a type of elementary particle (= very small piece of matter) which has a positive electrical charge and is found in the nucleus of all atoms • neutron /ˈnjuː.trɒn/ /ˈnuː.trɑːn/ noun [ C ] a part of an atom that has no electrical • electron /ɪˈlek.trɒn/ /-trɑːn/ noun [ C ] an extremely small piece of matter with a negative electrical • bark /bɑːk/ /bɑːrk/ noun TREE [ U ] the hard outer covering of a tree Mass: /mæs / • iron /aɪən/ /aɪrn/ noun METAL [ U ] a common silver-coloured metal element which is magnetic It is strong, used in making steel and found in very small amounts, in a chemically combined form, in blood Iron rusts easily • fundamental /ˌfʌn.dəˈmen.t ə l/ /-t ̬ ə l/ adjective forming the base, from which everything else develops; more important than anything else We need to make fundamental changes to the way in which we treat our environment Mass: /mæs / • block /blɒk/ /blɑːk/ noun BUILDING [ C ] a large, usually tall building divided into separate parts for use as offices or homes by several different organizations or people an office block Mass: /mæs / • nature /ˈneɪ.tʃə r / /-tʃɚ/ noun LIFE Nature means all the things in the world which exist naturally and were not created by people He's fascinated by wildlife and anything to with nature • constitute /ˈkɒn.stɪ.tjuːt/ verb BE CONSIDERED AS [ L only + noun not continuous ] FORMAL to be or be considered as something This latest defeat constitutes a major setback for the government Mass: /mæs / • The Mass of an object is a measure of the amount of matter an object contains It is useful to consider that all objects (matter) are made of molecules and atoms, which in turn are made up of protons neutrons and electrons The Protons, electrons and neutrons that make up tree bark are no different than those that make up water, air or iron These fundamental building blocks of nature is what constitutes the mass of an object Heat, heat flow, heat transfer • likewise /ˈlaɪk.waɪz/ adverb in the same way Just water these plants twice a week, and likewise the ones in the bedroom • dense /den t  s/ adjective THICK thick; close together; difficult to go or see through a dense forest • buoyant /ˈbɔɪ ə nt/ adjective FLOATING able to float Cork is light and buoyant Units of heat • associate /əˈsəʊ.si.eɪt/ /-ˈsoʊ-/ verb [ T ] :kết hợp, liên đới to connect someone or something in your mind with someone or something else • gasoline /ˈgæs ə l.iːn/ noun [ U ] US FORMAL FOR gas (LIQUID FUEL) • Celsius /ˈsel.si.əs/ noun [ U ] , adjective ( ALSO centigrade , WRITTEN ABBREVIATION C ) Units of heat • Fahrenheit /ˈfærən.haɪt/ adjective, noun[ U ]( WRITTEN ABBREVIATION F ) • capitalize , UK USUALLY capitalise /ˈkæp.ɪ.t ə l.aɪz/ /-t ̬ ə l-/ verb LETTER [ T ] to write a letter of the alphabet as a capital, or to write the first letter of a word as a capital Temperature • centigrade /ˈsen.tɪ.greɪd/ /-t ̬ɪ-/ noun [ U ] , adjective : • calibration /ˌkæl.ɪˈbreɪ.ʃ ə n/ noun [ C or U ] : định cỡ • metric /ˈmet.rɪk/ adjective MAINLY UK : THEO HỆ MÉT using or relating to a system of measurement that uses metres, centimetres, litres etc Temperature • below /bɪˈləʊ/ /-ˈloʊ/ adverb , preposition POSITION : THẤP HƠN in a lower position (than), under • formula /ˈfɔː.mjʊ.lə/ /ˈfɔːr-/ noun plural formulas or formulae METHOD/RULE [ C ] a standard or accepted way of doing or making something, the things needed for it, or a mathematical rule expressed in a set of numbers and letters Measurement of moisture air Dry bulb temperature: • moisture /ˈmɔɪs.tʃə r / /-tʃɚ/ noun [ U] : ẩm a liquid such as water in the form of very small drops, either in the air, in a substance, or on a surface • vapour UK , US vapor /ˈveɪ.pə r / /-pɚ/ noun GAS : HƠI NƯỚC [ C or U ] gas or extremely small drops of liquid which result from the heating of a liquid or solid • bulb /bʌlb/ noun [ C ] PLANT a round root of some plants from which the plant grows Measurement of moisture air Dry bulb temperature: • reveal /rɪˈviːl/ verb [ T ] to make known or show something that is surprising or that was previously secret • intensity /ɪnˈten t  .sɪ.ti/ /-sə.t ̬i/ noun [ U ] the quality of being felt strongly or having a very strong effect Dew point temperature: • saturated /ˈsæt.jʊ.reɪ.tɪd/ /-jʊr.eɪ.t ̬ɪd/ adjective completely wet It's pouring down outside - I'm absolutely saturated! • condense /kənˈden t  s/ verb BECOME LIQUID to change or make something change from a gas to a liquid or solid state Water vapour in the air condenses into fog • dew /djuː/ /duː/ noun [ U ] : sương drops of water that form on the ground and other surfaces outside during the night Dew point temperature: • correspond /ˌkɒr.ɪˈspɒnd/ /ˌkɔːr.ɪˈspɑːnd/ verb [ I ] MATCH to match or be similar or equal The money I've saved corresponds roughly to the amount I need for my course • specific /spəˈsɪf.ɪk/ adjective PARTICULAR : RÕ RÀNG, CỤ THỂ relating to one thing and not others; particular The virus attacks specific cells in the brain Humidity • sweat /swet/ verb [ I ] to pass a salty colourless liquid through the skin because you are hot, ill or frightened It was so hot when we arrived in Tripoli that we started to sweat as soon as we got off the plane Work, energy and power • joule /dʒuːl/ noun [ C ] ( WRITTEN ABBREVIATION J ) SPECIALIZED a unit of energy or work done • vice versa /ˌvaɪsˈvɜː.sə/ /ˌvaɪ.səˈvɝː-/ adverb : ngược lại used to state that what you have just said is also true in the opposite order He doesn't trust her, and vice versa (= she also doesn't trust him) Sensible heat and latent heat • fusion /ˈfjuː.ʒ ə n/ noun [ U ] : làm chảy when two or more things join or are combined Their music is described as 'an explosive fusion of Latin American and modern jazz rhythms' • sublimation /ˌsʌb.lɪˈmeɪ.ʃ ə n/ noun [ U ] : thăng hoa • solidification /səˌlɪd.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃ ə n/ noun [ U ] : đông đặc a process of gradual solidification phase change of water • melt /melt/ verb BECOME LIQUID [ I or T ] to turn from something solid into something soft or liquid, or to cause something to this The snow usually melts by mid March • cease /siːs/ verb [ I or T ] SLIGHTLY FORMAL : DỪNG to stop something The company has decided to cease all UK operations after this year • phase /feɪz/ noun [ C ] : giai đoạn any stage in a series of events or in a process of development The project is only in the initial phase as yet, but it's looking quite promising • reverse /rɪˈvɜːs/ /-ˈvɝːs/ verb [ I or T ] : đảo, ngược lại to (cause something to) go backwards, or to change the direction, order, Saturation, superheating and subcooling: • merely /ˈmɪə.li/ /ˈmɪr-/ adverb : đơn • alcohol /ˈæl.kə.hɒl/ /-hɑːl/ noun [ U ] : rượu cồn a colourless liquid which can make you drunk, and which is also used as a solvent • subcooled (adj) làm lạnh nhiệt độ ngưng tụ đóng băng • intersection /ˌɪn.təˈsek.ʃ ə n/ /-t ̬ɚ-/ noun LINES [ C or U ] when two lines cross, or the point where this happens • original /əˈrɪdʒ.ɪ.nəl/ adjective FIRST MADE [ before noun ] existing since the beginning, or being the earliest form of something