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TECHNICAL NOTE TN 15/2001 Rules of Thumb (UK 3rd edition) Guidelines for assessing building services Edited by Martin Boushear Supported by Contents Space and weight allowances TABLE TABLE TABLE TABLE TABLE TABLE TABLE TABLE 1: Floor space allowance for services 2: Space allowances for plant rooms 3: Miscellaneous services 4: Space allowances for on-floor services 5: Space allowances for service ducts and shafts 6: Space allowances for catering facilities 7: Floor space allowance per occupant 8: Plant weight allowances Equipment and solar loads TABLE TABLE TABLE TABLE 14 1: Cooling loads 2: Cooling plant 3: Solar gains 4: Heat loads Comfort factors TABLE TABLE TABLE TABLE TABLE TABLE 16 1: External conditions 2: Ventilation and air conditioning 3: Information technology 4: Room air movement 5: Noise levels 6: Comfort data sheet System features 20 TABLE 1: Sizing and operating characteristics of plant TABLE 2: Water treatment Energy and carbon issues 24 TABLE 1: Energy conversions TABLE 2: Energy benchmarks (offices) TABLE 3: Lighting benchmarks Electrical systems 26 TABLE 1: Electrical supplies and loads Cost data 27 TABLE 1: Capital and maintenance costs TABLE 2: Services costs as a percentage of total costs TABLE 3: System capital and maintenance costs References Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 32 Acknowledgements The story behind the guide This publication is the third update of the Technical Note TN 17/95: Rules of Thumb last issued in 1995 The rules have been collected from various contemporary sources in the building services industry and can reasonably be held to reflect current design practices The sources include major design offices, individual engineers and public domain information published by BSRIA and others The industry review team for this project comprised: John Louis Auguste (Bovis Lend-Lease), Dennis Bastow (NHS Estates), Brian Charlesworth (Troup Bywaters & Anders), Laurie Clark (Cundall Johnston & Partners), Michelle Field (Buro Happold), Manus Freeman (SVM Partnership), Nigel Hawkes (Fulcrum Consulting), Glen Irwin (Roberts & Partners), Bob Keenan and Dr Ian Selby (Sheppard Robson, on behalf of the British Council for Offices), Nick Mead (ACDP), Richard Tudor (WSP Group), and Gay Lawrence Race and John Sands (BSRIA) We would also like to thank AMEC Capital Projects, BAA plc, N G Bailey, Bryan Franklin, Building Design Partnership, Foggo Associates, Foremans Ltd, Hoare Lea & Partners, Max Fordham & Partners, Stanhope, and Whitby Bird & Partners for their help Finally, BSRIA would like to make special acknowedgement to the consulting engineers Foremans Ltd, whose financial support has enabled BSRIA to extend the print run BSRIA also acknowledges the editing help of Nigel Pavey, author of the second edition of Rules of Thumb and now chief engineer with Foremans Ltd All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical including photocopying, recording or otherwise without prior written permission of the publisher BSRIA TN 15/2001 August 2001 Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 ISBN 086022 587 Printed by The Chameleon Press Ltd How to use this guide What this guide will Rules of Thumb has been written to help engineers in the initial stages of designing a building and its services By gathering many of the most common rules of thumb into one document, BSRIA has provided a powerful source of inital design data that every engineer should find indispensable Thumb rules (or heuristics as they are more properly known) are extremely useful values for use at various stages of design, such as project inception and outline briefing, feasibility planning, the assessment of global loads and space requirements They are also useful for getting a initial grasp of costs Rules of thumb come in handy for carrying out "what if" calculations, and for use by senior engineers when checking the work of junior engineers The data have been derived from a wide variety of authoratative sources, all of which are referenced All the figures quoted have also been assessed for usefulness and relevance by a panel of experienced, practising services engineers What this guide will not While every effort has been made to establish current practice, the guide's authors are keen to point out that the rules of thumb are merely aids to the design process They must not be used in place of detailed design data The responsibility for the safe and appropriate use of this data therefore rests with the engineer Rules of Thumb has been designed to be your own personal reference document Use it, add your own data to it, and guard it jealously And please let us know how it works and where it can be improved Roderic Bunn Publisher Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 Space and weight allowances When to use: During the early stages of design prior to plant selection or system analysis Where to use: Plant room sizes, riser cupboard locations and plant capacities Watch out for: Poor information that fails to allow for installation, commissioning or maintenance TABLE 1: Floor space allowance for services (as a percentage of floor area) Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 Design area Application All services Air conditioning (excluding boilers & refrigeration) Other information Rule of thumb Ref Simple factory Offices and commercial Hi-tech building 4% – 10% 15 – 30% 26 26 26 Fan coil system VAV system 1⅐⅐ – 2⅐⅐ 5% – 4⅐⅐ 5% 26 26 0⅐⅐3 – 1⅐⅐5% 26 Electrical services (excluding sub-stations and standby generation sets) 0⅐⅐5 – 1⅐⅐ 5% 26 Lift motor rooms 0⅐⅐2 – 0⅐⅐ 5% 26 Central plant – 2% 26 Toilet extract Supply and extract system All air low velocity system 0⅐⅐3 – 1% – 5% – 6% 26 26 26 Cooling towers and air-cooled condensers Refrigeration (excluding cooling towers) Ventilation For references see page 32 Your notes and comments TABLE 2: Space allowances for plant rooms (floor area) Design area Application Air cooled condenser and controls Air handling units Other information Rule of thumb Ref space for installation and maintenance 25 + kW/200 m2 29 With extract /recirculation m2 per m3/s 29 Without extract /recirculation m2 per m3/s 29 Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 Boilers (percentage floor area) Boiler plant & calorifiers Oil tank room 0⅐⅐ – 1⅐⅐ 8% – 2% 26 26 Boilers (floor area and height) Boilers, pumps, piping and space for installation and maintenance Output: 100 kW Output: 200 kW Output: 1000 kW Output: 4000 kW 15 m2 x m 25 m2 x m 80 m2 x m 140 m2 x m 29 29 29 29 Calorifiers (floor area and height) Calorifiers, pumps, pipework, controls and space for installation and maintenance Vertical Vertical Vertical Vertical (1 m3) (5 m3) (10 m3) (15 m3) Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal Horizontal (1 m3) (5 m3) (10 m3) (15 m3) 10 20 25 60 m2 m2 m2 m2 x x x x m m m m 29 29 29 29 25 30 45 60 m2 m2 m2 m2 x x x x 3 3 m m m m 29 29 29 29 Your notes and comments Table continued Ł For references see page 32 Space and weight allowances TABLE 2: Space allowances for plant rooms (floor area) Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 Design area Application Other information Rule of thumb Ref Chillers (water cooled) Floor area times height With pumps, pressurisation, pipework and control panels Output: 1000 kW Output: 2000 kW Output: 3000 kW Output: 4000 kW 50 m2 x m 63 m2 x m 83 m2 x 3⅐⅐ m 108 m2 x m 29 29 29 29 Chillers (air cooled) Located outside Includes space for installation and maintenance Output: 200 kW Output: 400 kW Output: 600 kW Output: 800 kW Output: 1000 kW Output: 1200 kW 39 m2 53 m2 75 m2 84 m2 98 m2 116 m2 29 29 29 29 29 29 Cold water storage Single cold water tank Includes space for installation and maintenance but add space for pressurisation plant or circulation pumps FA: Floor area V: gross storage m3 m high m high m high FA: 10 + V/0⅐⅐75 m2 FA: 10 + V/1⅐⅐ m2 FA: 10 + V/2⅐⅐ m2 29 29 29 Minimum for hot and cold outlets Offices 10-20 litres/person Cold water storage Hotels, children’s home, residential nursery, convalescent home 135 litres/bed space Your notes and comments Table continued Ł For references see page 32 Design area Application Other information Rule of thumb Ref Cold water storage (domestic) continued Minimum for hot and cold outlets Restaurant Day school Hostel litres/meal 15-20 litres/pupil 90 litres/bed space 20 20 20 FA: Floor area (kW: heat rejection) FA: 50 + kW/66 m2 29 HV switchgear HV + LV switchgear 47 m2 14 m2 27 m2 29 29 29 Standby sets and accessories FA: Floor area FA:15 + kVA/30 m2 29 Single module system (add space for batteries) FA: Floor area FA: (2 + kW/200) x m2 29 Other information Rule of thumb Ref 1200 – 1800 mm 18 Tank contents + 10% 19 Cooling towers Sub-station Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 Standby generation Uninterruptible power supply 2000 kVA transformers Switchgear Your notes and comments TABLE 3: Miscellaneous services Design area Application Control panels & distribution boards Front panel controls, Fixing height range wall-mounted or floor (above finished floor standing or operating platform level) LTHW boiler plant component criteria for leakage containment Oil storage tanks, distillate & residual fuel oils For references see page 32 If tank fails, walls and doors treated to contain spillage Your notes and comments 10 Space and weight allowances TABLE 4: Space allowances for services (depth of clear space in ceiling/floor void) Design area Application Air conditioning Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 Rule of thumb Ref VAV VRV Recessed chilled beams Surface chilled beams Chilled ceilings Fan coils Ducted air system 350 – 750 mm 450 mm 350 – 450 mm 250 mm 250 mm 450 mm 450 mm 16 16 16 16 16 27 27 Drainage Soil and waste 100 mm dia 150 mm dia 10 – 25 mm per m run – 16 mm per m run 27 27 Lighting Fluorescent Downlighter 100 – 150 mm (‫ ם‬access) 16 150 – 300 mm 16 Power and communications Multi-core cables and lighting cables 100 – 200 mm 16 Power and data (heavy line) 200 – 250 mm 16 Computer rooms 300 mm 16 For references see page 32 Other information Your notes and comments TABLE 5: Space allowances for service ducts and shafts Design area Application Air ducting Lift shafts Mechanical service riser Simple pipework riser Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 Three-sided riser 11 For references see page 32 Rule of thumb Ref Typical ducting size 0⅐⅐2 m2/m3/s 30 3+A(N-4)/250 m2 30 Between – 18 floors Internal shaft area in office-type buildings A: floor area/ storey (250 m2 min), N: Floors Pipework Service ducts Other information Vertical service duct Depth needed to open access door/pane when width of door varies with size/type of pipe or depth of service/duct 690 mm 17 Pipe: 20 mm dia Pipe: 25 mm dia Pipe: 32 mm dia 100 mm x 100 mm 120 mm x 120 mm 130 mm x 130 mm 30 30 30 Minimum depth from services to (open) access door/panel 690 mm 17 Floor space served by vertical service (radius) 15 – 23 m 30 Aspect ratio of vertical service duct 2:1 – 4:1 30 Total duct area as % of gross floor area 2% 30 Your notes and comments 20 When to use: Where to use: Watch out for: System features During outline design before the architect has finalised space planning For determining the spatial and operational characteristics of main plant The rules for boiler and cooling plant are based on unit floor area or unit volume TABLE 1: Sizing and operating characteristics of plant Design area Air handling units Air face velocity Application Other information Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 Coil water velocity 36 16 Heating mode Cooling mode 30ЊC (max) 13ЊC (min) 16 16 Air discharge 0⅐⅐6 – m/s 36 10 – 40 kPa 0⅐⅐ 33 – 1⅐⅐ 72 bar 16 36 8m Not to exceed 50 mm within 1m of diffuser outlet 36 Maximum height 66% of ceiling height 36 Allowance for grille Allow 0⅐⅐3 m width 36 120 W/m2 floor area 40 W/m3 volume 36 36 Water pressure drop Steam pressure drop Air distribution From source Ceiling diffusers Non-zoning partitions Sill diffusers Boiler plant capacity Power per unit area Ref 2⅐⅐5 – m/s 1⅐⅐ – 2⅐⅐ m/s Heating coil Cooling coil Air supply temperatures Rule of thumb Limit of throw Surface projections Your notes and comments 36 Table continued Ł For references see page 32 Design area Application Other information Rule of thumb Ref Boiler plant efficiency Boiler efficiency Efficiency losses Typical efficiency Blowdown (steam) Casing Flue 75% 2% 3% 15 – 20 % 36 36 36 36 Condensing boilers Underfloor or warm water system 90% 22 Standard size radiators, variable temp circuit (weather compensation) 87% 22 Standard fixedtemperature emitters (83/72ЊC flow/return) 85% 22 Modern high efficiency boilers 80 – 82% 22 Good modern boiler design closely matched to demand 75% 22 Typical good boiler 70% 22 kW/person 36 Volume per kW 40 litres/kW 36 Low velocity systems High velocity systems – m/s 7⅐⅐ – 15 m/s 36 36 Boiler plant Typical seasonal efficiencies Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 Non-condensing boilers Chiller plant capacity Fuel storage Ductwork Typical duct velocities Class D oil Your notes and comments Table continued Ł 21 For references see page 32 22 System features Design area Application Other information Rule of thumb Ductwork Inlet louvres (through free area) Maximum pressure drop rates (per m run) Ref Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 2⅐⅐5 m/s 36 Low velocity systems High velocity systems Pa/m Pa/m 36 36 Typical system resistances (including air handling plant) Low velocity supply Low velocity extract High velocity supply 900 Pa 400 Pa 1⅐⅐ – kPa 36 36 36 Air leakage system loss (%) Low pressure systems Med pressure systems High pressure systems 6% 3% 2% 15 15 15 Fans Electrical input (kW) 1⅐⅐6 x total fan pressure (kPa) x volume flow rate (m3/s) 36 1ЊC per kPa 36 Offices Restaurants Retail stores, halls, theatres 1⅐⅐4 litres/s per m3 3⅐⅐ litres/s per m3 2⅐⅐ litres/s per m3 23 23 23 Total system volume (system size, in litres) Domestic systems Commercial systems x boiler size (kW)+10% 10 x boiler size (kW)+10% Capacity per unit area of radiator surface Conventional system litre/m2 36 Capacity per unit of power produced (boilers, radiators) Boilers Aluminium, cast radiator 1⅐⅐5 litres/kW litres/kW 36 36 Temperature rise of air Fan capacity of ventilated space Class A Class B Class C Total fan pressure Your notes and comments Heating systems Approx value Approx value Table continued Ł For references see page 32 Design area Pipework Capacity per unit length of of steel pipe Application Rule of thumb Ref E xtruded aluminium Steel panel radiators 1⅐⅐2 litres/kW litres/kW 36 36 15 mm diameter pipe 20 mm diameter pipe 25 mm diameter pipe 32 mm diameter pipe 40 mm diameter pipe 0⅐⅐25 litres/m 0⅐⅐ litres/m 0⅐⅐ litres/m 1⅐⅐ litres/m 1⅐⅐ litres/m 36 36 36 36 36 15 – 50 mm pipe dia Over 50 mm pipe dia 0⅐⅐75 – 1⅐⅐ m/s 1⅐⅐ 25 – m/s 36 36 Initial pressure per 100 m pipe run 6% 36 Over 50 mm pipe dia 100 – 300 Pa/m 16 Corrosive water m/s 1⅐⅐ m/s m/s max 36 36 36 Superheated steam Saturated steam Exhaust 40 – 60 m/s 30 – 40 m/s 20 – 30 m/s 36 36 36 4⅐⅐9 litres/m2 36 Pressure (in kPa), length (m) 0⅐⅐36 x circuit length 36 Copper pipework With steel pipework Add 10% to water 36 Frost protection Glycol concentration 30% of system vol 16 Water velocity Conventional systems Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 Steam pressure drop Water pressure Conventional systems Water velocity (system) Small bore Microbore Steam velocity Capacity per unit of finned area Finned tube coils Pumps Head pressure (pump head) Water treatment Additives required 23 For references see page 32 Other information Your notes and comments 24 When to use: Where to use: Watch out for: Energy and carbon issues When determining total building energy consumption From briefing onwards through to design and operation (See also CIBSE TM22) Change to the carbon conversion ratios which are continually being updated TABLE 1: Energy conversions Design area Carbon dioxide emission (Kg CO2/kWh delivery) by fuel Application Natural Gas Oil Electricity Coal Other information Average CO2 to Carbon Rule of thumb Ref 0⅐⅐19 0⅐⅐ 25 0⅐⅐ 46 0⅐⅐ 30 1 1 kg kg kg kg CO2/kWh CO2/kWh CO2/kWh CO2/kWh Divide by 3⅐⅐ 67 Your notes and comments Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 TABLE 2: Energy benchmarks (offices) Design area Application Other information Rule of thumb Ref Naturally ventilated (cellular) Type 1, simple relatively small building, sometimes converted residential, 100 – 3000 m2 Energy costs over treated floor area (tfa) Good practice Typical £3.50 m2 tfa £6.00 m2 tfa 1 Gas or oil (delivered) Good practice Typical 79 kWh/m2 151 kWh/m2 1 Electricity (delivered) Good practice Typical 33 kWh/m2 54 kWh/m2 1 Good practice Typical £4.50 m2 tfa £7.00 m2 tfa 1 Good practice Typical 79 kWh/m2 151 kWh/m2 1 Good practice Typical 54 kWh/m2 85 kWh/m2 1 Naturally ventilated (open plan) Energy costs over Type 2, purpose-built, sometimes treated floor area converted industrial space, 500 m2 – 4000 m2 Gas or oil (delivered) Electricity (delivered) Your notes and comments Table continued Ł For references see page 32 Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 Design area Application Other information Rule of thumb Ref Air conditioned (standard) Type 3, purpose-built, speculative often intensively used, 2000 – 8000 m2 Energy costs Good practice Typical £8.00 m2 tfa £14.00 m2 tfa 1 Gas or oil (delivered) Good practice Typical 97 kWh/m2 178 kWh/m2 1 Electricity (delivered) Good practice Typical 128 kWh/m2 226 kWh/m2 1 Energy costs Good practice Typical £13.00 m2 tfa £20.00 m2 tfa 1 Gas or oil (delivered) Good practice Typical 114 kWh/m2 210 kWh/m2 1 Electricity (delivered) Good practice Typical 234 kWh/m2 358 kWh/m2 1 Design area Application Other information Rule of thumb Ref Lighting benchmarks Type Good practice Typical 12 W/m2 15 W/m2 1 Type Good practice Typical 12 W/m2 18 W/m2 1 Type Good practice Typical 12 W/m2 20 W/m2 1 Type Good practice Typical 12 W/m2 20 W/m2 1 Air conditioned (prestige) Type 4, national or regional head office, purpose-built to high standards, intensively used and extensive storage, parking and leisure facilities, 4000 – 20 000 m2 Your notes and comments TABLE 2: Lighting systems 25 For references see page 32 Your notes and comments 26 When to use: Where to use: Watch out for: Electrical systems To determine electrical supply requirements in buildings When assessing the connected capacity in terms of unit floor area Allowances for expansion, particularly for on-floor communications rooms TABLE 1: Electrical supplies and loads Design area Application Other information Rule of thumb Ref Electrical supply Electrical motors Electrical motors Above kW rating Up to and including kW rating 3-phase supply 16 Direct on-line starting 16 Assisted start 16 Lighting 10 – 12 W/m2 16 Small power 15 – 45 W/m2 16 Air conditioning 60 W/m2 35 Passenger lifts 10 W/m2 35 Electrical motors Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 Electrical services load (per m2 of building floor area) Total load (kVA) Design allowance for future expansion (%) For references see page 32 Above kW rating Small computer room Net area 200 – 400 W/m2 16 Bespoke call centre Net area 500 – 1000 W/m2 16 Total building load Total kW/0⅐⅐8 35 % increase in load Add 25% to existing capacity 35 Your notes and comments Cost of m&e services by building type When to use: Where to use: Watch out for: Cost data As a general guide to the outline services costs of specific building types At the briefing stage onwards and during assessment of m&e tenders Additions or amendments to the generic building type which might alter costs TABLE 1: Capital and maintenance costs in £/m2 Design area Application Factories Owner occupied For letting Other information 1995 figure + 10% (2001 adjustment) Rule of thumb Ref £64 – £161 £34 – £78 25 32 Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 Hospitals District general Private £393 – £556 £415 – £654 25 25 Offices For letting Non air-conditioned (Category A standard) Fully air-conditioned £170 – £190 £280 – £410 25 25 Offices Owner occupied) Non air-conditioned Fully air-conditioned £210 – £280 £310 – £500 25 25 Civic Fully air-conditioned £350 – £500 25 Residential housing Local authority Two-storey houses Medium rise flats £71 – £97 £96 – £126 25 25 Schools Secondary /middle schools £163 – £241 25 Universities Arts buildings Science buildings £212 – £268 £213 – £395 25 25 Shopping centre Department store £223 – £347 32 Warehouses High bay £86 – £171 25 1995 figure + 10% 2001 adjustment) Your notes and comments Table continued Ł 27 For references see page 32 28 Cost data TABLE 2: Services costs per square metre as a percentage of total cost Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 Design area Application Other information Rule of thumb Ref Arenas (indoor) Mechanical Electrical Total m&e Lift installations Other Total cost 1999 data, gross internal floor area 9% 12% 21% 1% 78% 100% 7 7 7 Call centres Mechanical Electrical Total m&e Lift installations Other Total cost 1999 data (gifa) 10% 17% 27% 1% 72% 100% 8 8 8 Cinemas: multiplex (shell construction) Mechanical Electrical Lift installations Total m&e Other Total cost 2000 data (gifa) 1% 8% 6% 9% 85% 100% 13 13 13 13 13 13 Cinemas: multiplex (cinema fit-out) Mechanical Electrical Total m&e Lift installations Other Total cost 2000 data (gifa) 19% 13% 32% 0% 68% 100% 13 13 13 13 13 13 Your notes and comments Table continued Ł For references see page 32 Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 Design area Application Other information Rule of thumb Ref Conference centres Mechanical Electrical Lift installations Other Total m&e Total cost 2000 data (m2 gifa) 8% 11% 3% 78% 19% 100% 5 5 5 Data/computer centres Mechanical Electrical Lift installations Other Total m&e Total cost 2001 data (per m2) 30% 61% Not included 9% 91% 100% 14 14 14 14 14 14 Health & fitness centres Mechanical Electrical Lift installations Other Total m&e Total cost 1998 data (m2 gifa) Offices: city (shell & core only) Mechanical Electrical Total m&e Lift installations Other Total cost 2000 data (m2 gifa) Offices: urban commercial (category A standard fit-out) Mechanical and public health Electrical Total cost 1999 data (per m2 nia) 13% 11% 1% 75% 24% 9 9 100% 46% 37% 83% Not included 17% 100% 6 6 6 66% 34% 100% 12 12 12 Your notes and comments Table continued Ł 29 For references see page 32 30 Cost data Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 Design area Application Other information Rule of thumb Ref Offices: out-of-town commercial (shell & core) Mechanical Electrical Total m&e Other 1999 data (per m2 gifa) 57% 30% 87% 13% 11 11 11 11 Offices: out-of-town commercial (category A standard fit-out) Mechanical & public health Electrical 1999 data (per m2 nia) 78% 11 22% 11 Offices: urban commercial (shell & core) Mechanical Electrical Total m&e Other 1999 data (per m2 gifa) 47% 32% 79% 21% 12 12 12 12 Supermarkets (services fit-out) Mechanical Electrical Total m&e Other 2000 data (per m2 gifa) 15% 31% 46% 54% 10 10 10 10 Ventilation (capital costs) Low velocity High velocity 1995 figure + 10% (2001 adjustment) then ‫ ע‬25% £67 – £113 £71 – £119 33 33 For references see page 32 Your notes and comments TABLE 3: System capital and maintenance costs (£/m2) Other information Rule of thumb Ref Air conditioning (capital costs) Unit air conditioners All-air systems Air/water system 1995 figure + 10% (2001 adjustment) then ‫ ע‬25% £67 – £113 £82 – £136 £109 – £181 £91 – £151 33 33 33 33 Air conditioning (maintenance costs) Unit air conditioners All-air systems Air/water system 1995 figure + 10% (2001 adjustment) then ‫ ע‬25% £14 – £22 £14 – £22 £14 – £22 33 33 33 1995 figure + 10% (2001 adjustment) then ‫ ע‬25% £148 – £248 33 Air conditioning (average capital costs) 31 Application Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 Design area For references see page 32 Your notes and comments 32 References Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 Ref Title Publication Year Publisher ISBN 10 11 12 13 14 15 Energy use in offices Television studios, Section B2, page B2-14 Fry Technology (Fernox Manufacturers) Best Practice in the specification for offices Cost model: Conference Centres Cost model: City Offices Cost model: Indoor arenas Cost model: Call Centres Cost model: Health & fitness centres Cost model: Supermarkets Cost model: Out-of-town commercial offices Cost model: Urban commercial offices Cost data: Multiplex Cinemas Cost model: Data/computer centres DW/144 Specification for sheet metal ductwork Part 8, Appendix A: Air leakage from ductwork, system leakage loss Industry Review - Rules of Thumb publication, May 2001 Space requirements for plant access, operation and maintenance: Defence Works Functional Standard, Design and Maintenance Guide 08 - Section 4, Figure D4 Mechanical surface risers Space requirements for plant access, operation and maintenance: Defence Works Functional Standard, Design and Maintenance Guide 08 - Section 4, Figure D10 Control Panels and Distribution Boards Space requirements for plant access, operation and maintenance: Defence Works Functional Standard, Design and Maintenance Guide 08 - Section 5, Section 5.1 Central station plant, 5.1.1 LTHW boilers Public health engineering, extract from Table 2.3 Recommended minimum storage of cold water for domestic purposes for hot and cold outlets Public health engineering, Extract from Table 2.11 Measured daily hot water consumption in various types of commercial buildings Energy efficiency in buildings,Table 9.1 Seasonal (boiler) efficiencies Energy Consumption Guide 19 CIBSE Guide B Fry Technology UK Ltd BCO Guide 2000 Building November 2000 Building 24th March 2000 Building 10th September 1999 Building 16th July 1999 Building 11th September 1998 Building Services Journal April 2000 Building Services Journal April 1999 Building Services Journal February 1999 Davis Langdon & Everest Building Services Journal January 2001 2000 1986 2000 2000 2000 2000 1999 1999 1998 2000 1999 1999 2000 2001 BRECSU CIBSE Fry Technology British Council of Offices The Builder Group The Builder Group The Builder Group The Builder Group The Builder Group The Builder Group The Builder Group The Builder Group Davis Langdon & Everest The Builder Group 0-9524131-2-4 0007-3318 0007-3318 ISSN 1365-5671 ISSN 1365-5671 ISSN 1365-5671 ISSN 1365-5671 ISSN 1365-5671 ISSN 1365-5671 Website ISSN 1365-5671 Heating and Ventilating Contractors Association Rules of Thumb Industry Review Committee 1998 2001 HVCA BSRIA 0-903783-27-4 Not published Defence Estate Organisation (Works), Mo D 1996 HMSO 0-11-772785-7 Defence Estate Organisation (Works), Mo D 1996 HMSO 0-11-772785-7 Defence Estate Organisation (Works), MoD 1996 HMSO 0-11-772785-7 CIBSE Guide G 1999 CIBSE 0-900953-87-X CIBSE Guide G 1999 CIBSE 0-900953-87-X CIBSE Guide G CIBSE Guide F 1999 1998 CIBSE CIBSE 0-900953-87-X 0-900953-861 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 Rules of Thumb BSRIA 2001 Ref Title Publication Year Publisher ISBN 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 Energy efficiency in buildings,Table 6.2 Basic fan capacity benchmarks Energy efficiency in buildings,Table 7.1 Chiller plant capacity Spon’s Mechanical and Electrical Services Price Book 2001 Space allocation for services,Table 2: floor space Space allocation for services,Table 3: depth of ceiling space Space allocation for services, Table 4: depth of floor space Space allocation for plant rooms,Table 6: floor area Space allocation for service ducts and shafts,Table Space allocation for catering facilities, Table Cost of M&E services by type of building and service, Table 10 System capital and maintenance costs,Table 11 Thermal Loads, Table 12 Electrical loads by type of load, Table 14 Sizing and operating characteristics of air system plant,Table 16 Design requirements or rules of thumb for air systems, Table 17 Guide to the accommodation and operating environment for Information technology (IT) equipment “Facade Engineering: Fun with Facades” CIBSE Guide F CIBSE Guide F Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition Rules of Thumb, 2nd Edition 1998 1998 2001 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 1995 CIBSE CIBSE Spon Press BSRIA BSRIA BSRIA BSRIA BSRIA BSRIA BSRIA BSRIA BSRIA BSRIA BSRIA BSRIA 0-900953-861 0-900953-861 0-415-24280-0 0-86022-4198 0-86022-4198 0-86022-4198 0-86022-4198 0-86022-4198 0-86022-4198 0-86022-4198 0-86022-4198 0-86022-4198 0-86022-4198 0-86022-4198 0-86022-4198 BS 7083, 1996 Building Services Journal, August 1997 1996 1997 BSI The Builder Group 0-580-26705-9 ISSN 1365-5671 39 33 For independent and authoritative research, product testing, consultancy and market intelligence, look no further than BSRIA Our 120-strong team of building services experts can provide the best solutions to the most searching questions And you can be assured of complete confidentiality and individual service at all times The sheer range of our expertise, gained from nearly 50 years of experience, 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