AS 2118 1 1999 automatic fire sprinkler systems general re

Wet systems shall be so designed that the maximum floor area, excluding concealed spacesbut including mezzanine floor areas, controlled by one control, including tail-endextensions see

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AS 2118.1-1999 Automatic fire sprinkler systems - General requirements

Licensed to LUU MINH LUAN on 25 Feb 2002

15 October 1999 and published on 5 December 1999.

The following interests are represented on Committee FP/4:

Association of Consulting Engineers AustraliaAustralasian Fire Authorities Council

Australian Building Codes BoardAustralian Chamber of Commerce and IndustryAustralian Industry Group

Department of Defence (Australia)FPA Australia

Institution of Engineers AustraliaInsurance Council of AustraliaProperty Council of AustraliaAdditional interests participating in preparation of Standard:

Testing interests (Australia)

Keeping Standards up-to-date

Standards are living documents which reflect progress in science, technology andsystems To maintain their currency, all Standards are periodically reviewed, andnew editions are published Between editions, amendments may be issued.Standards may also be withdrawn It is important that readers assure themselvesthey are using a current Standard, which should include any amendments whichmay have been published since the Standard was purchased

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revisions and amendments published each month

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This Standard was issued in draft form for comment as DR 98555.

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Revised and redesignated in part as AS 2118.1—1999.

Reissued incorporating Amendment No 1 (June 2000).

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© Standards Australia International All rights are reserved No part of this work may be reproduced or copied in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without the written permission of the publisher.

Published by Standards Australia International Ltd

PO Box 1055, Strathfield, NSW 2135, Australia

This Standard was prepared by the Standards Australia Committee FP/4, AutomaticSprinkler Installations, to supersede AS 2118.1 —1995, Automatic fire sprinkler systems, Part 1: Standard.

This Standard incorporates Amendment No 1 (June 2000) The changes required by the Amendment are indicated in the text by a marginal bar and amendment number against the clause, note, table, figure, or part thereof affected.

The objective of this edition is to include changes that reflect recent advances in technologyand to refine the content for clarity and conciseness

Significant changes have been made to Section 3 concerning exposure protection, and toSection 5 relating to protection of concealed spaces Sections 10, 11 and 12, in respect tohydraulic calculation methods, have also received attention Section 9, Light hazard classsystems, has been entirely rewritten to include more useable and up-to-date parameters forthe design of this class of system The definitions clauses have been enlarged and theinformative text for occupancy classification is set out in an appendix

The revision to the AS 2118 suite of Standards has included Standards Australia’srequirements to keep product and installation Standards separate The series comprises thefollowing:

AS

2118 Automatic fire sprinkler systems

2118.1 Part 1: General requirements

2118.2 Part 2: Wall wetting sprinklers (Drenchers)

2118.3 Part 3: Deluge

2118.4 Part 4: Residential

2118.5 Part 5: Domestic

2118.6 Part 6: Combined sprinkler and hydrant

2118.8 Part 8: Minor modifications

2118.9 Part 9: Piping support and installation

2118.10 Part 10: Approval documentation

4118 Fire sprinkler systems

4118.1.1 Part 1.1: Components —Sprinklers and sprayers

4118.1.2 Part 1.2: Components—Alarm valves (wet)

4118.1.3 Part 1.3: Components—Water motor alarms

4118.1.4 Part 1.4: Components—Valve monitors

4118.1.5 Part 1.5: Components—Deluge and pre-action valves

4118.1.6 Part 1.6: Components—Stop valves and non-return valves

4118.1.7 Part 1.7: Components—Alarm valves (dry)

4118.1.8 Part 1.8: Components—Pressure reducing valves

4118.1.9 Part 1.9: Components—Accelerators and exhausters

4118.2.1 Part 2.1: Piping—General

The terms ‘normative’ and ‘informative’ have been used in this Standard to define theapplication of the appendix to which they apply A ‘normative’ appendix is an integral part

of a Standard, whereas an ‘informative’ appendix is only for information and guidance

This Standard incorporates commentary on some of the clauses The commentary directly follows the relevant clause, is designated by ‘C’ preceding the clause number and is printed in italics in a box The commentary is for information only and does not need to

be followed for compliance with the Standard.

Page

FOREWORD 6

SECTION 1 SCOPE AND GENERAL 1.1 SCOPE 7

1.2 OBJECTIVE 7

1.3 APPLICATION 7

1.4 NEW DESIGNS AND INNOVATIONS 7

1.5 REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 7

1.6 DEFINITIONS 7

SECTION 2 CLASSES OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS AND DESIGN DATA 2.1 CLASSIFICATION OF SYSTEMS 13

2.2 CLASSIFICATION OF OCCUPANCIES 13

2.3 TYPES OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS 13

2.4 DESIGN DATA 20

SECTION 3 INSTALLATION 3.1 SPRINKLER-PROTECTED BUILDINGS 21

3.2 TRANSMISSION OF ALARM SIGNAL TO FIRE BRIGADE 24

3.3 LOCAL ALARM 24

3.4 SYSTEM COMPONENT FAULT MONITORING 25

SECTION 4 WATER SUPPLIES 4.1 GENERAL 27

4.2 ACCEPTABLE SOURCES OF SUPPLY 27

4.3 WATER SUPPLY GRADES 28

4.4 CONNECTIONS TO OTHER SERVICES 39

4.5 PRESSURE AND FLOW REQUIREMENTS 41

4.6 PRESSURE CONSIDERATIONS 41

4.7 MINIMUM CAPACITY OF STORED WATER SUPPLIES 41

4.8 PUMP SUCTION TANKS 41

4.9 PRIVATE WATER SUPPLIES 48

4.10 TOWN MAINS 48

4.11 PUMP INSTALLATIONS 50

4.12 PUMPSETS 51

4.13 PRESSURE TANKS 56

4.14 PROVING OF WATER SUPPLIES 58

SECTION 5 SPACING AND LOCATION OF SPRINKLERS 5.1 STANDARD SPACING 60

5.2 STAGGERED SPACING 60

5.3 MINIMUM DISTANCE BETWEEN SPRINKLERS 60

5.4 LOCATION OF SPRINKLERS (OTHER THAN SIDEWALL SPRINKLERS) 60

5.5 SPACING AND LOCATION OF SIDEWALL SPRINKLERS 65

5.6 LOCATIONS OR CONDITIONS INVOLVING SPECIAL CONSIDERATION (SUPPLEMENTARY PROTECTION) 66

5.7 OBSTRUCTIONS BELOW SPRINKLERS 73

5.9 THEATRES AND MUSIC HALLS (PROTECTION ON THE STAGE SIDE

OF THE PROSCENIUM WALL) 75

5.10 COLD STORAGE WAREHOUSE 75

SECTION 6 SPRINKLERS, SPRAYERS AND MULTIPLE CONTROLS 6.1 GENERAL 78

6.2 TYPES OF SPRINKLERS, SPRAYERS AND MULTIPLE CONTROLS 78

6.3 STANDARD SPRINKLER K FACTORS, ORIFICE AND THREAD SIZES 79

6.4 APPLICATION OF SPRINKLER TYPES 79

6.5 TEMPERATURE RATINGS 79

6.6 COLOUR CODING 80

6.7 STOCK OF REPLACEMENT SPRINKLERS 80

6.8 ANTI-CORROSION TREATMENT OF SPRINKLERS 80

6.9 SPRINKLER GUARDS 80

6.10 ESCUTCHEON PLATE ASSEMBLIES 81

6.11 PROTECTION AGAINST FROST 81

SECTION 7 PIPING 7.1 PIPE AND PIPE FITTINGS 82

7.2 HYDRAULIC TEST PRESSURE 82

7.3 PIPING IN NON-SPRINKLER-PROTECTED BUILDINGS 82

7.4 HAZARDOUS PROCESSES AND EXPLOSION HAZARD—SPECIAL PRECAUTIONS CONCERNING PIPING AND VALVES 82

7.5 SLOPE OF PIPES FOR DRAINAGE 82

7.6 LOW LEVEL DRAINAGE 83

7.7 PIPE SIZES 83

7.8 ORIFICE PLATES 83

7.9 SUPPORT OF SPRINKLER PIPING 83

SECTION 8 VALVES AND ANCILLARY EQUIPMENT 8.1 CONTROL ASSEMBLIES 84

8.2 STOP VALVES 84

8.3 BLOCK PLAN 85

8.4 LOCATION PLATE 85

8.5 EMERGENCY INSTRUCTIONS 86

8.6 NON-RETURN (BACK PRESSURE) VALVES 86

8.7 ALARM VALVES 86

8.8 PRESSURE-REDUCING VALVES 87

8.9 DELUGE AND PRE-ACTION VALVES 87

8.10 ALARM DEVICES 88

8.11 REMOTE TEST VALVES 89

8.12 PRESSURE GAUGES 90

SECTION 9 LIGHT HAZARD CLASS SYSTEMS 9.1 SCOPE 92

9.2 DESIGN DATA 92

9.3 WATER SUPPLY 92

9.4 SPRINKLERS 93

9.5 PIPING 94

SECTION 10 ORDINARY HAZARD CLASS SYSTEMS

10.1 DESIGN DATA 95

10.2 WATER SUPPLIES 95

10.3 SPACING OF STANDARD SPRINKLERS 98

10.4 SYSTEM COMPONENTS 99

10.5 SYSTEM DRAINAGE 104

SECTION 11 HIGH HAZARD CLASS SYSTEMS 11.1 DESIGN DATA 105

11.2 WATER SUPPLIES 115

11.3 SPACING OF STANDARD SPRINKLERS 119

11.4 SYSTEM COMPONENTS 120

11.5 SYSTEM DRAINAGE 122

SECTION 12 FULL HYDRAULIC CALCULATION OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS 12.1 GENERAL 130

12.2 DESIGN REQUIREMENTS FOR DENSITY OF DISCHARGE 130

12.3 ASSUMED AREA OF OPERATION 131

12.4 SPRINKLERS IN OPERATION 131

12.5 POSITION OF ASSUMED AREA OF OPERATION 131

12.6 SHAPE OF ASSUMED AREA OF OPERATION 132

12.7 WATER SUPPLIES 133

12.8 PUMPSETS 133

12.9 CALCULATION OF PRESSURE LOSS IN PIPES 134

12.10 PRESSURE LOSSES 137

12.11 ACCURACY OF CALCULATIONS 137

12.12 MINIMUM SPRINKLER DISCHARGE PRESSURE 138

12.13 MINIMUM PIPE SIZES 138

12.14 VELOCITY LIMITATION 138

12.15 VELOCITY PRESSURE 138

12.16 IDENTIFICATION OF FULLY HYDRAULICALLY CALCULATED SYSTEMS 138

APPENDICES A OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATIONS 146

B REFERENCED DOCUMENTS 154

C ORIFICE PLATES 156

D PIPING INTERPRETATIONS 159

INDEX 162

Automatic fire sprinkler systems provide an important level of fire protection to a buildingstructure Additionally, automatic fire sprinklers provide an important level of protectionfor the occupants of a building together with protection to the environment by minimizingthe effects that a major structural fire could have Sprinklers also safeguard against loss ofplant, machinery, equipment and building contents generally as well as protecting abusiness by providing against loss of continuity of business operations Sprinklers alsoconserve water during fire-fighting operations

In modern buildings and indeed with older buildings that are being upgraded to meet thelatest requirements in fire safety, there is need to consider other systems that impact on thefunction and operation of a sprinkler system Other systems that can either interface withthe sprinkler system, or be integrated in it, are automatic heat and smoke detectors,emergency warning and intercommunication systems and smoke control and air-handlingsystems Hence, when designing sprinkler systems, it will be necessary to consider theinteraction of sprinkler systems with other building fire safety systems in order to maximizeprotection and provide an optimal approach for the overall objectives of fire safety

STANDARDS AUSTRALIA

Australian Standard Automatic fire sprinkler systems

Part 1: General requirements

1.4 NEW DESIGNS AND INNOVATIONS

Any alternative materials, designs, methods of assembly, procedures, and similar, that donot comply with the specific requirements of this Standard, or are not mentioned in it, butthat give equivalent results to those specified, are not necessarily prohibited

1.6.1 Alarm signalling equipment (ASE)

Equipment complying with AS 4428.6

1.6.2 Alarm valve

A non-return valve which allows the water to enter the installation and operate the alarmswhen the installation pressure falls below the water supply pressure

1.6.3 Assumed area of operation

An area containing the maximum number of sprinklers considered likely to operate wheninvolved in a fire The assumed area of operation is different in each hazard class

1.6.7 Encapsulated

Completely enclosed by a plastic sheet on the sides and top as applicable to pallet loads ofgoods or packages Individual cartons enclosed on the top and sides with plastic and cartonswaterproofed by coatings on the exterior surface are also considered to be encapsulated

1.6.8 Fire and draught stop

A partition or bulkhead, extending from end to end and top to bottom of a concealed space,installed to delay the spread of fire and constructed from imperforate materials which arenon-shatterable under fire conditions

NOTES:

1 Examples of acceptable fire and draught stops include the following:

(a) Structural features such as a reinforced beam or steel joist extending to or through theceiling, and a brick wall extended up through the ceiling to the floor above

(b) A purpose-built partition mounted on wood or steel framework, constructed of 10 mmgypsum board, 0.6 mm sheet steel or 7 mm high-density tempered hardboard

2 Only the following apertures are permitted:

(a) Openings for the passage of individual pipes, conduits and airconditioning ducts,provided that such openings are reasonably close fitting

(b) Openings not exceeding 2 m in width for the passage of groups of pipes, conduits andairconditioning ducts, protected by a ‘cut-off’ sprinkler or sprinklers as required toprovide full protection to such openings

1.6.11 Monitoring service

A constantly attended remote controlling station which receives fire alarm signals andtransfers the signals to a firefighting service via a permanently connectedtelecommunications link

1.6.12 Multiple controls

Heat-sensitive sealed valves that control single or multiple outlets using either glass bulbs,

or soldered links or levers, as the heat-sensitive device

1.6.13 Net positive suction head (NPSH)

The total inlet head, plus the head corresponding to the atmospheric pressure, minus thehead corresponding to the vapour pressure NPSH, as well as inlet total head, is referred tothe reference plane It is necessary to make a distinction between —

(a) required net positive suction head (NPSHR)— a function of pump design, which may

be obtained from the pump manufacturer; and(b) available net positive suction head (NPSHA)— a function of the system in which thepump operates, which can be calculated for any installation

1.6.14 Open joists and exposed common rafters

A series of members (including purlins) spaced not more than 600 mm apart, measuredfrom centre to centre of members

1.6.15 Post or box pallet

Solid or mesh box with the open face uppermost, designed to be stacked one upon the other

1.6.17 Special sprinkler

A listed sprinkler other than those specified in AS 4118.1.1 (see also Clause 6.2.2)

Special sprinklers are as follows:

requirement and a modified deflector specifically developed to achieve an extendedmaximum protected area

water droplets, enabling better penetration of the fire plume and improved ability tocontrol fires in specific high challenge risks

developed to provide fire suppression in high challenge fire risks which, in manyinstances, eliminates the need for in-rack protection This sprinkler has special designrequirements and limitations in respect to the building structure and the systemapplication

of fire hazards found in dwellings, with spray patterns and discharge rates specificallydesigned for life safety applications

applications such as the protection of high-piled storage where greater flows areachieved than with the standard 20 mm sprinkler at the same pressure

(f) Enlarged orifice sprinkler (EO) A sprinkler having a nominal 20 mm diameter

orifice and a nominal 15 mm shank fitted with a metal rod extension (pintle), which isused for upgrading the density requirements of existing ordinary hazard installations,(see Clause 3.2 in AS 4118.1.1)

1.6.18 Special sprinkler system

A system utilizing either in total, or in part, sprinkler types other than those listed in

AS 4118.1.1 (see also Clauses 2.3.3 and 6.2.2)

1.6.19 Sprayers

Special purpose nozzles for use in water spray systems with capabilities of extinguishment,containment or control of fires involving hazards such as flammable liquids

C1.6.19 Sprayers generally are of two basic types, medium velocity and high velocity.

Medium velocity sprayers are either open or sealed with a heat responsive element, producing a fine droplet spray with a limited distance of direct impingement They are designed for the extinguishment, containment or control of fires involving low flashpoint liquids as well as for cooling protected (adjacent) areas exposed to fire High velocity sprayers are open type producing a large droplet with high momentum and have a direct

extinguishment, containment and control of fires involving high flashpoint liquids, principally by the emulsification of the burning fuel surface.

1.6.20 Sprinkler-protected area

An area of a building equipped with a sprinkler system installed in accordance with thisStandard, and separated from non-sprinkler protected areas in accordance with thisStandard

installation alarm valve (wet) (see Clause 8.7.1)

valve, or a combination valve set comprising an alarm valve (wet) and an alarm valve(dry)

above the alarm valve (dry) and with water below

of heat or smoke detectors installed in the same area as the sprinklers A heat orsmoke detector operates prior to the sprinklers, allowing the pre-action valve to openand water to flow into the sprinkler piping, before the first sprinkler starts to operate

pre-action flow control valve capable of repeated on/off cycles appropriate to thepossible redevelopment of fire in the protected area The cycling occurs as a result ofheat detector operation which, as an electric interlock, causes the pre-action flowcontrol valve to open and close

(f) Deluge system A system of open sprinklers controlled by a quick-opening valve

(deluge valve) which is operated by a system of listed heat detectors or sprinklersinstalled in the same areas as the open sprinklers (see AS 2118.3)

and deluge systems, with the limitation that it only forms an extension to the sprinklersystem

1.6.23 Standard sprinkler system

A system utilizing sprinkler types as listed in AS 4118.1 (see also Clause 6.2.1).

1.6.24 Standard sprinkler

A sprinkler conforming to the thread sizes, deflector type and K factors specified in

AS 4118.1 (see also Clause 6.2.1)

Standard sprinklers are as follows:

discharge with a proportion of water being thrown upwards to the ceiling Aconventional sprinkler is usually designed with a universal type deflector enabling thesprinkler to be used in either the upright or pendent position Some conventionalsprinklers are, however, made in two types: one suitable for use in the uprightposition and the other for use in the pendent position

plane of the deflector with little or no water being discharged upwards to wet theceiling A spray sprinkler is made in two types: one suitable for use in the uprightposition and the other for use in the pendent position

required, for reasons of appearance, to make the sprinklers inconspicuous A flushsprinkler is installed pendent, with the base flush to the ceiling, but has an exposedheat responsive element and retracted deflectors which drop down to the normalposition on actuation Flush sprinklers are normally used in hotel lobbies, diningrooms, offices, boardrooms and parts of retail stores Flush sprinklers are not suitablefor use in atmospheres that are corrosive or subject to a high dust content Flushsprinklers utilizing chains to locate the deflector are only suitable for use with levelceilings unless specifically listed otherwise

separate escutcheon housing, usually two-piece adjustable, where part of the sprinkleryoke and heat responsive element are mounted within the recessed housing

NOTE: Escutcheon housings are used with the spray sprinkler to ensure that the responsetime of the heat responsive element is not unduly impeded and that the discharge spraypattern is not obstructed

in a concealed housing and fitted with a cover plate assembly designed to release at orbefore the operating temperature of the sprinkler Concealed sprinklers provide thesame unobtrusive appearance as flush sprinklers

close to the ceiling A sidewall sprinkler provides a one-sided (half-paraboloid)discharge pattern directed outwards with a small proportion discharging on the wallbehind the sprinkler Sidewall pattern sprinklers are not normally a substitute forconventional or spray pattern sprinklers and their use is limited to such locations asoffices, entrance halls, lobbies and corridors

A sidewall sprinkler may be used with advantage in drying tunnels and hoods overpapermaking machines where condensate dripping from sprinklers and pipework atthe ceiling could be troublesome and also in certain other locations such as shopwindows and under platforms having low headroom where sprinklers would besubject to damage.

premises protected by a dry or an alternate wet and dry system where it is notpracticable to install sprinklers in the upright position, or on a wet system where thesprinklers may be subject to frost Dry pendent and dry sidewall sprinklers aredesigned having either conventional or pendent spray type deflectors Dry pendentand dry sidewall sprinklers are manufactured integral with drop pipes of varyinglengths, the valve being so placed that there is no pocket or depression where watercan be trapped

except that an upright type deflector is incorporated A dry upright sprinkler isdesigned for use in wet systems for the protection of concealed spaces subject tofreezing

enables it to respond at an early stage of fire development See AS 4118.1.1 for thethermal characteristics of fast response sprinklers

C1.6.24(i) The life safety aspects of a sprinkler system are improved by using fast

response sprinklers Fast response and quick response are synonymous terms.

NOTE: A guide to typical occupancy classifications is included in Appendix A.

Occupancy classifications are as follows:

(a) Light Hazard occupancies

(b) Ordinary Hazard occupancies —

(i) Ordinary Hazard 1;

(ii) Ordinary Hazard 2;

(iii) Ordinary Hazard 3; and(iv) Ordinary Hazard special

(c) High Hazard occupancies:

(i) High Hazard — process risks;

(ii) High Hazard— High-piled storage risks —(A) High Hazard— High-piled storage risks—Category 1

(B) High Hazard— High-piled storage risks—Category 2.

(C) High Hazard— High-piled storage risks—Category 3

(D) High Hazard— High-piled storage risks—Category 4

(iii) Storage risks requiring special consideration

2.3 TYPES OF SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

2.3.1 General

Sprinkler systems are either—

(a) standard sprinkler systems (see Clause 1.6.23); or

(b) special sprinkler systems (see Clause 1.6.18)

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2.3.2 Standard sprinkler system

2.3.2.1 General requirements

A standard sprinkler system as defined in Clause 1.6.23 shall be arranged to operate as one

or a combination of the following:

(a) wet system

(b) alternate wet and dry system

2.3.2.2 Wet systems (see Clause 1.6.22)

Wet systems shall not be installed in premises where there is danger, at any time, of thewater in the pipes freezing

Wet systems shall be so designed that the maximum floor area, excluding concealed spacesbut including mezzanine floor areas, controlled by one control, including tail-endextensions ( see Clause 2.3.2.8) does not exceed the following:

(a) 9000 m2 for light and Ordinary Hazard installations

(b) 8000 m2 for High Hazard installations However, where roof protection only isprovided in accordance with Table 11.1.3.2(B), the area of storage, including aisles,protected by one installation shall not exceed 6000 m2

(c) Where single installations protect High Hazard areas, with roof protection onlyprovided in accordance with Table 11.1.3.2(B), and the area of pallet rackingincluding aisles is less than 1000 m2, the total installation area may be extended to

8000 m2.(d) Where single installations protect both High Hazard areas and Ordinary or LightHazard areas, the High Hazard area shall not exceed the floor area limitationsspecified for that hazard and the total area shall not exceed 9000 m2

(e) Where single installations control intermediate level sprinklers in storage racks, thefloor area occupied by the racks (including aisles) shall not exceed 4000 m2

2.3.2.3 Alternate wet and dry systems (see Clause 1.6.22)

An alternate wet and dry sprinkler system shall incorporate either a composite alarm valve(see Clause 8.7.3) or a combination set comprising an alarm valve (wet) and an alarm valve(dry) (see Clauses 8.7.1 and 8.7.2) During winter months, the installation piping above thecomposite alarm valve, or alarm valve (dry) shall be charged with air and the remainder ofthe system, below the valve, shall be charged with water and, at other times, the systemshall operate as a wet system as described in Clause 2.3.2.2

Sprinklers in alternate wet and dry systems shall be installed in the upright position, abovethe line of pipe An exception is allowed where listed dry pendent sprinklers(see Clause 1.6.24(g)) are installed or where sprinklers have an anti-freezing deviceincorporated therein

Piping shall be arranged with slope for drainage (see Clause 7.5)

Alternate wet and dry systems shall be so designed that the maximum floor area, includingmezzanine floor areas, controlled by one control assembly, including tail-end extensions(see Clauses 2.3.2.8 and 2.3.2.9), does not exceed the following:

(a) Where an accelerator or exhauster is used —

(i) 37002 for Ordinary and Light Hazard systems; and(ii) 2100 m2 for High Hazard systems

(b) Where an accelerator or exhauster is not used —

(i) 2500 m2 for Ordinary and Light Hazard systems; and(ii) 1400 m2 for High Hazard systems

2.3.2.4 Dry systems (see Clause 1.6.22)

A dry sprinkler system shall be permanently charged with air or inert gas under pressureabove the alarm valve (dry) and with water below the valve

Dry systems shall only be installed in buildings where the temperature conditions aremaintained close to or below freezing, such as in cool stores, or fur vaults, or where thetemperature is maintained above 70°C such as in drying ovens (see Clause 5.16.4)

The floor area controlled by one control assembly in a dry system shall not exceed thatprescribed in Clause 2.3.2.3 for alternate wet and dry systems

In dry systems, piping shall be arranged with slope for drainage (see Clause 7.5) Standardsprinklers shall only be installed in the upright position above the line of the pipe

2.3.2.5 Pre-action systems (see Clause 1.6.22)

The sprinkler system piping shall be charged with air or inert gas under pressure and shall

be monitored so that an alarm is given on reduction of pressure The pre-action alarm valvecontrolling the water supply shall be operated—

(a) solely by the system of detectors to allow the sprinkler piping to become charged withwater;

(b) by the system of detectors, or independently by the operation of a sprinkler releasingthe air from the sprinkler piping, whereby the operation of the sprinkler system shallnot be affected by any failure in the detector system; or

(c) by both the system of detectors and the operation of a sprinkler releasing the air fromthe sprinkler piping

In each case the detection system shall automatically initiate an alarm

The heat or smoke detection system shall operate a continuously energized valve or tripmechanism to release the pre-action alarm valve when the valve or trip mechanism becomesde-energized

The floor area controlled by one control assembly in a pre-action system shall not exceedthat prescribed in Clause 2.3.2.2 for wet systems

Where the piping could be subject to freezing, it shall be arranged with slope for drainage(see Clause 7.5) and standard sprinklers shall be installed in the upright position above theline of pipe

The installation spacing and location of heat or smoke detectors shall comply with therequirements of AS 1670.1

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system, the objective being to prevent a discharge of water from piping or sprinklers that may have suffered mechanical damage.

from sprinklers on an otherwise dry system.

discharge by requiring that both the system of detectors and the sprinkler installation are activated before water is admitted to the installation piping.

2.3.2.6 Recycling pre-action systems

Re-closing the flow control valve shall be delayed for a period of 5 min, by means of anautomatic timer, as a safety measure Should the fire rekindle and re-actuate the heatdetectors, the flow control valve shall reopen immediately and water shall again flow fromthe open sprinklers

The floor area controlled by one control assembly in a recycling pre-action system shall notexceed that prescribed in Clause 2.3.2.2 for wet systems

Where the piping is subject to freezing, it shall be arranged with slope for drainage(see Clause 7.5) and standard sprinklers shall be installed in the upright position above theline of pipe

The installation and spacing of heat or smoke detectors in recycling pre-action systemsshall comply with the requirements of AS 1670.1

2.3.2.7 Deluge systems (see Clause 1.6.22)

Deluge systems shall be in accordance with AS 2118.3

C2.3.2.7 Deluge systems are designed primarily for Special Hazards such as those

listed as High Hazard in Clause 2.2, where any fire could be anticipated to be intense and with a fast rate of propagation In these circumstances, it is desirable to apply water simultaneously over a complete zone in which a fire may originate by admitting water to

open sprinklers or to medium or high velocity sprayers.

2.3.2.8 Tail-end systems (see Clause 1.6.22)

Tail-end systems shall be comparatively small in extent and shall form extensions tosprinkler systems Tail-end systems are subject to limitations and variations set out inClauses 2.3.2.9 and 2.3.2.10

2.3.2.9 Limitations and specific requirements for tail-end systems

The following limitations and specific requirements shall apply for tail-end installations:

(a) The total area of tail-end systems on one wet installation shall not exceed 2500 m2.Any one tail-end system shall not exceed 1000 m2

(b) The subsidiary stop valve shall be monitored in accordance with Clause 3.4

(c) Suitable drainage shall be provided

(d) Tail-end systems connected to dry and alternate wet and dry installation shall belimited to dry systems

2.3.2.10 Tail-end anti-freezing solution systems

The following requirements shall apply for tail-end systems incorporating anti-freezingsolutions:

(a) Piping within the area subject to freezing shall be filled with anti-freezing solutionand shall be arranged so as to prevent diffusion of water into that area

(b) Anti-freezing solutions shall have a freezing point of not less than 10°C below theminimum temperature possible in the area subject to freezing

(c) The area covered by any tail-end anti-freezing solution system shall not exceed

250 m2.(d) The piping shall be arranged so that the interface between the anti-freezing solutionand the water in the wet system is lower than the point of connection to the wetsystem

(e) The following valves and fittings shall be incorporated in the piping(see Figure 2.3.2.10 and Figure 4.3.1 for symbols):

(i) A subsidiary stop valve monitored in accordance with Clause 3.4

(ii) A drain valve

(iii) An upper test valve, not more than 350 mm nor less than 250 mm below thefilling connection in the wet system

(iv) A lower test valve, not less than 1.2 m below the upper test valve

(v) A filling connection

(vi) A non-return valve The disc of the non-return valve shall have a 1 mm hole toallow for expansion of the solution during a temperature rise and thus preventdamage to sprinklers All valves in the system piping shall be metal-faced

NOTE: These systems are suitable for use in small coolrooms and freezing chambers and otherareas such as loading docks and outhouses in localities subject to freezing conditions

DIMENSIONS IN MILLIMETRES

FIGURE 2.3.2.10 ARRANGEMENT OF SUPPLY PIPING AND VALVES, TAIL-END

ANTI-FREEZING SOLUTION SYSTEMA1

2.3.3 Special sprinkler systems

2.3.3.1 General requirements

A special sprinkler system, as defined in Clause 1.6.18, shall be arranged to operate as one

or a combination of the following:

(a) Wet system

(b) Alternate wet and dry system

(a) the listing for the specific component;

(b) the manufacturer’s published data sheets, and

(c) the codes and Standards referenced therein

The critical design and installation requirements for special sprinkler systems are those thatdirectly affect the performance of the sprinklers and shall apply only to that part of eachsystem downstream of the control assembly Other issues, such as the maximum floor areacontrolled by one control assembly, alarm and monitoring systems, valving, pipe materials,hangers, bracing, and the like, shall conform to the requirements of this Standard

All aspects relating to the design and installation of water supplies shall be in accordancewith this Standard, with the following exceptions:

(i) For ESFR sprinkler systems, a duration of not less than 60 min shall apply

(ii) Where a water supply duration in excess of 90 min is a requirement of themanufacturer’s data sheets or the codes and Standards referenced therein, thatduration shall apply

(iii) Where a water supply duration in excess of 90 min is a requirement of Factory

Mutual Data Sheets nominated in this Standard as the basis for compliance, that

duration shall apply

The maximum area covered by a special sprinkler installation shall be in accordance withClauses 2.3.2.2 and 2.3.2.10

C2.3.3.2 The design principles and operating characteristics of special sprinkler

systems are often significantly different from those applicable to standard sprinkler systems The special sprinkler may be unable to cope with some of the building features, occupancies, storage arrangements, and the like, which are commonly acceptable for standard sprinkler systems Therefore, it is essential that the limitations of special sprinklers and special sprinkler systems be thoroughly understood and applied without exception.

2.3.3.3 ESFR sprinkler system

ESFR sprinkler systems (see Clause 1.6.17(c)) shall be wet systems, and shall be designed

in accordance with this Section, and shall only be used for nominated high-piled storagerisks

Occupancy classification and the commodities to be protected by ESFR sprinkler systemsshall be in accordance with the requirements of NFPA 13 —1999, and restricted to those inthe current Factory Mutual Loss Prevention Data (Data Sheets 2–2 and 8–9) or the ULlisting for the particular sprinkler, as appropriate

C2.3.3.3 ESFR sprinkler systems are designed exclusively to suppress high-challenge,

high-piled storage risk warehouse fires In many instances, in-rack sprinklers can be reduced or eliminated The system is expected to discharge a large volume of water at a high speed, directly onto a fire to suppress the fire before it develops ESFR sprinklers are quick-acting high-performance sprinklers which have the capability of extinguishing fires within designated risks There is no room for error in the design and installation of ESFR sprinkler systems; the design principles and the operating characteristics are significantly different from standard sprinkler protection ESFR sprinkler systems may be unable to cope with adverse design features which may be acceptable when installing standard sprinkler protection.

2.3.3.4 Special systems incorporating residential sprinklers

Residential sprinklers are permitted to be installed in wet pipe sprinkler systemsconforming to this Standard, subject to the following:

(a) They shall be installed in sole occupancy units and their adjoining corridors inresidential portions of buildings

(b) They shall be installed in strict accordance with their specified approval listing andpositioning requirements

(c) Sprinkler performance shall be in accordance with minimum and maximum pressureand flow rate limitations indicated in individual residential sprinkler listings Thedesign number of sprinklers assumed to be in operation shall include the hydraulicallymost unfavourable four sprinklers

(d) Special sprinkler systems incorporating residential sprinklers shall be designed suchthat the maximum floor area, excluding concealed spaces but including mezzaninefloor areas, controlled by one control assembly, does not exceed 9000 m2

(e) Permitted exceptions shall be in accordance with Clause 3.1.3

C2.3.3.4 Standard sprinkler systems that permit the inclusion of residential sprinklers

are designated as special sprinkler systems Where residential occupancies occur, smoke alarms complying with AS 3786, should be installed in accordance with AS 1670.6, in addition to sprinkler protection.

2.3.3.5 Hydraulic calculation

Special sprinkler system designs shall utilize hydraulic calculation procedures

All sprinklers installed in a compartment shall be of the same category of heat response;that is, either fast, special or standard response

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2.4 DESIGN DATA

Each standard sprinkler system shall be hydraulically designed in accordance with therelevant hazard class to provide an appropriate density of discharge over an assumed area ofoperation

The design densities of discharge and the assumed area of operation for Ordinary and HighHazard class systems shall be as specified in Table 2.4 For Light Hazard performancerequirements see Section 9 For specific details of High Hazard design data seeClauses 11.1.2 and 11.1.3

TABLE 2.4 DESIGN DENSITIES OF DISCHARGE AND ASSUMED AREAS

OF OPERATION OF STANDARD SPRINKLER SYSTEMS

Hazard class Design density of

discharge, mm/min*

Assumed area of operation, m 2

Light See Section 9 See Section 9 Ordinary —

1 2 3 Special

Process risks High pile storage risks

7.5 to 12.5 7.5 to 30

3.1.1.2 Classification as sprinkler-protected building

To be classified as a sprinkler-protected building, a building shall be sprinkler-protectedthroughout, other than where exceptions are permitted in Clause 3.1.3 (see Clause 5.6.10)

3.1.1.3 Classification as sprinkler-protected area

Where it is proposed to protect a portion of a building only, for that portion to be classified

as a sprinkler-protected area, it shall be sprinkler-protected throughout and shall beseparated from non-sprinkler-protected areas by a construction having an FRL of not lessthan –/120/120 with the exception of those areas contained in Clause 3.1.3

Where the sprinkler-protected building is linked to a non-sprinkler-protected area by aroofed connection (e.g roofed passageway, roofed ramp or tunnel), protection shall extend

to a wall having an FRL of not less than –/120/120 The wall shall extend from top to

bottom and side to side of the passageway, ramp or tunnel, with any door or shutter in thewall being a listed fire door or fire shutter Where the wall is located at the junction withthe non-sprinkler-protected building, the link shall be sprinkler-protected

3.1.2 Protection against exposure hazards

3.1.2.1 Extent of application

Any part of an external wall, of the sprinkler-protected building, including glazed openingsand roof overhangs with an FRL less than –/30/30 within 10 m of an Exposure Hazard, shall

be protected with external sprinklers

For the purpose of this Clause ‘external wall’ shall include the façade of raised sections ofthe building, such as roof lanterns, set back from the perimeter of the sprinkler-protectedbuilding; and ‘Exposure Hazard’ shall mean a source of radiant heat such as a non-sprinkler-protected building with an FRL less than –/30/30 or areas used for storage orhandling of flammable or combustible materials

C3.1.2.1 When installed as an integral part of an internal sprinkler system designed to

this Standard, external protection of this type is considered the first line of defence in protecting the building from an external fire source The use of sprinklers to modify the FRL of the wall element is outside the scope of this Standard.

3.1.2.2 Sprinklers

All sealed sprinklers used for exposure protection shall be rated as fast response as defined

in AS 4118.1.1 and shall have a temperature rating of 93°C

Sprinklers shall be any of the following types and orientation:

(a) Pendent Spray (SP)—mounted horizontally with the deflector towards the window orwall

(b) Upright Spray (SU)—mounted horizontally with the deflector away from the window

(c) Pendent Sidewall—(WP) mounted pendent and oriented to direct the spray towardsthe window or wall.

(d) Sprinklers specifically designed for the purpose and located and spaced in accordancewith their listing

Conventional sprinklers (CU/P) shall not be used, except in the case of protection beneathroof overhangs Sprinklers beneath roof overhangs shall not be considered a substitute forprotection of walls

3.1.2.3 Shielding

Where building features do not shield sprinklers to prevent cooling from sprinklersoperating above, such sprinklers shall be fitted with metal shields not less than 80 mm dia

3.1.2.4 Sprinkler spacing and location

Unless specifically listed otherwise, sprinklers shall be located in accordance withTable 3.1.2.4

In addition to the requirements contained in Table 3.1.2.4, a sprinkler shall be positionednot more than 1.25 m horizontally from —

(a) the vertical extremities of the protected surface;

(b) the vertical extremities of each glazed opening, with the sprinkler located within theopening; and

(c) the centre of any building feature such as downpipes and glazing bars or mullions,which project more than 40 mm from the protected surface

Where vertical glazing bars or mullions project more than 40 mm from the glazed surfaceand are spaced not more than 1660 mm centre to centre, every alternate sprinkler may bepositioned on the centre-line of a mullion or glazing bar, except that sprinklers shall bepositioned within 1.25 m of each side of any vertical glazing bar or mullion that exceeds

40 mm in width

TABLE 3.1.2.4 SPRINKLER SPACING AND LOCATION

measurement

Distance between sprinklers Horizontally 2.5 m 1.8 m Centre of sprinkler

(see Note) Vertically 4.0 m N/A Deflector to deflector Horizontal distance from wall Horizontal sprinkler 100 mm 20 mm Sprinkler deflector

Pendent sprinkler 300 mm 10 mm Centre of sprinkler Vertical distance below tope of

protected surface

Horizontal sprinkler 100 mm 50 mm Centre of sprinkler Pendent sprinkler 100 mm 50 mm Sprinkler deflector NOTE: The 1.8 m minimum distance may be reduced where sprinklers are separated by a baffle or building feature which will prevent cooling from an adjacent operating sprinkler.

3.1.2.5 Piping

External sprinklers shall be fed either individually by range pipes or as groups by dedicateddistribution pipes connected to a distribution pipe of the internal sprinkler system

Pipe sizes shall be determined by full hydraulic calculation methods

C3.1.2.5 In cases where excessive sprinkler system downtime may be occasioned by the

post-fire replacement of external sprinklers, groups of external sprinklers should be connected by dedicated distribution pipes fitted with locked-open isolation valves The fitting of locked open sectional stop valves on connections to external protection can greatly decrease the time taken to recommission a system following an operation of the external sprinklers and should be considered for all such installations.

3.1.2.6 Performance

Sprinkler systems that incorporate exposure protection shall be fully hydraulically designed

so that the flow from any external sprinkler shall be not less than 75 L/min when therequired maximum number of external sprinklers are operating

Where the area to be protected by an individual sprinkler is less than 2.5 m wide, the flowrate may be reduced proportionally subject to a minimum end head pressure of 70 kPa

The required number of sprinklers assumed to be in simultaneous operation shall be thenumber of sprinklers opposed to each Exposure Hazard, up to a maximum of 18

Hydraulic calculation methods shall conform to the requirements of Section 12, asappropriate

sprinkler-(a) Fire-isolated stairways, fire-isolated passageways and fire-isolated ramps constructed

in accordance with the Building Code of Australia

(b) Toilets and washrooms, but not cloakrooms, with an FRL of not less than –/60/60,

with all openings to the sprinkler-protected area fitted with fire doors or fire shutters

in accordance with the requirements of AS/NZS 1905.1 and AS 1905.2, having a

minimum FRL of –/60/30.

(c) Rooms used for no purposes other than containing dry electric equipment (non-oil

filled), enclosed by walls, floors and ceilings with a minimum FRL of –/120/120, and

with all openings to the sprinkler-protected area fitted with fire doors or fire shutters

in accordance with the requirements of AS/NZS 1905.1 and AS 1905.2, having a

minimum FRL of –/120/30 Such room or compartment shall be fitted with—

(i) multiple controls for alarm purposes only with the drain discharging to an opentundish or fitted with a sight-glass; or

(ii) a detection and alarm system installed in accordance with AS 1670.1

(d) Silos or bins for the storage of grain, inside buildings forming part of corn mill,distillery, maltings or oil mill premises

(e) Ovens, hovels and kilns in potteries, including earthenware, brick, tile andglassworks

(f) The undersides of screens or shields erected over the wet ends of papermakingmachines

(g) Over salt baths and metal melt pans where the application of water would endangerpersonnel Piping and sprinklers may be located over such places if a suitable canopy

is fitted

(h) Over uncovered potable water storage wherever there is a danger of contamination ofthat water.

(i) Unroofed docks or loading platforms, subject to the requirements of Clause 5.6.12

(j) Balconies other than those requiring protection under Clause 5.6.13

3.2 TRANSMISSION OF ALARM SIGNAL TO FIRE BRIGADE

Upon actuation of the sprinkler system a distinctive alarm signal shall be automaticallytransmitted to a fire brigade receiving centre or a to a constantly attended monitoringservice with a direct data link to the fire brigade or fire brigade dispatch centre Whereconnection to the alarm monitoring network is duplicated or uses diverse paths, theminimum cable rating shall be WSX1W in accordance with AS/NZS 3013

Where either provision is made, the following requirements shall apply (see alsoClause 8.10):

(a) For alarm transmission purposes, the control assemblies of not more than fourinstallations may be grouped, provided that each installation is fitted with amechanical indicating device which, when actuated, remains in the ‘system operated’position until manually reset In addition, a readily discernible sign shall be locatedadjacent to the control assemblies to indicate the zone controlled by each controlassembly

(b) A permanent and securely affixed notice shall be located in close proximity to thecontrol assemblies to indicate that there is a direct alarm connection to the firebrigade or monitoring service

(c) If at any time the network path between the sprinkler system and the fire brigade isinterrupted, attention shall be drawn to this fact at the fire brigade or fire brigadedispatch centre and monitoring service and again when it is re-established

(d) Alarm signalling equipment shall comply with AS 4428.6

(e) Wiring from alarm signalling equipment to the alarm monitoring network connectionpoint shall comply with AS/NZS 3013 with a minimum rating of WS51W.Connection to an Intermediate Distribution Frame (IDF) is permissible only if thecable from the IDF to the Main Distribution Frame (MDF) is installed underground

NOTES:

1 The Australian Communications Authority (ACA) requires all alarm signalling equipmentconnected to a telecommunications network to be labelled indicating its compliance, orwith the relevant Standards

2 Radio communications equipment is required to conform to the requirements of therelevant radio communications Standards made mandatory by the ACA

(f) The alarm monitoring network shall comply with the relevant requirements for apermanently connected station as specified in AS 1670.3

NOTE: AS 4428.1 gives information where the ASE and relevant network is not available

3.3 LOCAL ALARM

Every installation shall be fitted with an externally mounted water motor alarm, except thatwhere alarm valves are grouped one water motor alarm may serve all installations in anyone location The water motor alarm shall be located as near as practicable to the alarmvalves (see also Clauses 8.7 and 8.10)

C3.3 The purpose of the local alarm is to attract the attention of passers-by It is not

intended to alert occupants of the building.

Sprinkler systems required to be installed in accordance with the Building Code of Australia are required to be connected to and activate a building’s occupant warning system.

3.4 SYSTEM COMPONENT FAULT MONITORING

of security as achieved with Class A monitoring

3.4.2.2 Class A monitoring devices

Class A monitoring shall transmit a signal upon —

(a) a change of status of the monitored component;

(b) any attempt to tamper with or bypass the monitoring device; and

(c) any attempt to tamper with or bypass the connection back to the receiving centre

3.4.2.3 Class B monitoring devices

Class B monitoring shall transmit a signal upon—

(a) a change of status of the monitored component; and

(b) any attempt to tamper with or bypass the connection back to the receiving centre

3.4.3 Systems to be monitored

Continuous system monitoring shall be installed —

(a) in systems containing High Hazard portions greater than 300 m2;

(b) in buildings greater than 25 m effective height; and

(c) where required by acts or regulations

3.4.4 Components to be monitored

The following components shall be monitored:

(a) Water supply stop valves excluding underground key-operated valves

(b) Main stop valves

(c) Subsidiary stop valves (see Clause 8.2.4)

(d) Power supply for each electric-motor-driven pump

(e) Controller ‘ready to start condition’ battery voltage and fuel level for eachcompression-ignition driven pump

3.4.5 Installation

Control and power supply equipment shall comply with the requirements of AS 4428.1 andAS/NZS 3000

Fault signals from monitored components shall be connected to—

(a) a fire brigade receiving centre (see Clause 3.2); or

(b) a Grade 2 central station complying with AS 2201.2, including a monitoring service;or

(c) a constantly attended in-house security facility

Should the connection be severed, attention shall be drawn to this fact at the receivingstation

S E C T I O N 4 W A T E R S U P P L I E S

4.1 GENERAL

4.1.1 Requirements

The water supply shall have pressure and flow characteristics not less than those specified

in Clauses 9.3, 10.2 or 11.2, as appropriate It shall be automatic and thoroughly reliableand shall not be subject to either freezing or drought conditions that could seriously depletethe supply

Sprinkler systems under separate ownership shall not share private water supplies, nor shallthey share connections to public water supplies

Sprinkler system piping (with the exception of water supply connections to town mains)shall not traverse ground that is not under the control of the owner

The water shall be fresh and free from fibrous or other matter in suspension liable to causeaccumulations in the piping system

NOTES:

1 Water supplies, other than that part under the control of the water supply authorities, should

be under the control of the occupier of the building containing the installation

2 In special circumstances where there is no suitable fresh water source available considerationmay be given to the use of salt or brackish water, provided that the installation is normallycharged with fresh water

3 Where there is a ring main or loop within the premises it is desirable to provide isolating stopvalves, so situated as to maintain the maximum possible service in the event of fracture or, if

it is necessary, to close down part of the ring main

4.1.2 Additives

Corrosive chemicals such as sodium silicate (or derivatives of sodium silicate) brine, orother chemicals shall not be used while hydrostatically testing systems, for stopping leaks,

or for any other purpose

4.2 ACCEPTABLE SOURCES OF SUPPLY

The following sources of supply shall be acceptable:

(a) Town mains (see Clause 4.10)

NOTE: Internal water reticulation within an establishment, capable of supplying peak flows

at the required duration for domestic, fire services and sprinkler installations, designed on aring system with adequate valving, may be considered as town mains

(b) Elevated private reservoirs (see Clause 4.9.2)

(c) Gravity tanks (see Clause 4.9.3)

(d) Automatic pumps (see Clause 4.11) —

(i) drawing from suction tanks or natural sources such as rivers, lakes orunderground water supply, subject to the conditions laid down in Clause 4.1; or(ii) boosting supplies such as town mains or elevated private reservoirs

(e) Pressure tanks (see Clause 4.13)

4.3 WATER SUPPLY GRADES

4.3.1 General

Water supplies for automatic sprinkler systems shall be divided into three grades based onascending order of reliability of supply; viz Grades 3, 2 and 1

NOTE: See Figure 4.3.1 for the symbols used in Figures 4.3.2, 4.3.3 and 4.3.4

4.3.2 Grade 3 water supplies

4.3.2.1 General

The following supplies constitute Grade 3 water supplies (see Figure 4.3.2 for typicalarrangements):

(a) A direct supply from a single town main

(b) A single automatic pump supply drawing from a single town main (booster pump),from a pump suction tank, or from a natural source The automatic pump may bedriven by an electric motor or by a compression-ignition engine

(c) A pressure tank (Light Hazard and Ordinary Hazard 1 classes only)

4.3.2.2 Limitations on the use of Grade3 water supply

A Grade 3 water supply shall not be used to supply sprinkler systems —

(a) protecting a building greater than 25 m effective high; or

(b) protecting a High Hazard class of risk unless the Grade 3 supply consists of —

(i) a town main that is capable of supplying not less than 2200 L/min in excess ofthe system design flow rate at all times; or

(ii) an automatic (booster) pump supply drawing from a single town maincomplying with Item (i) above (see Figure 4.10.2(f)), in which case there shall

be either—

(A) two automatic pumps, one at least of which shall have acompression-ignition engine drive and each of which shall be capable ofproviding independently the necessary pressure and flow; or

(B) three automatic pumps, two at least of which shall havecompression-ignition engine drives and any two of which shall be capable

of providing in aggregate the necessary pressure and flow

In each case the pumps shall be capable of operating in parallel, that is, theyshall have similar pressure and flow characteristics

NOTE: Where two completely independent electric power sources are available(neither linked with the other) or where automatic changeover facilities exist betweentwo completely independent electric power sources (excluding emergency standbygenerating sets), the provision of two electrically driven pumps may be permitted, onesupplied from each source in the former case, or both supplied from each source in thelatter case In these circumstances one of the pumps may be regarded as beingcompression-ignition engine driven for the purpose of interpretating this Clause

4.3.3 Grade 2 water supplies

The following supplies constitute Grade 2 water supplies (see Figure 4.3.3 for typicalarrangement):

(a) Town main complying with the following requirements:

(i) The town main shall be fed from both ends by mains, each of which shall becapable of furnishing the relevant pressures and flows required in Clauses 9.3,10.2 or 11.2 There shall be duplicate connections from the town main carriedseparately up to the premises containing the sprinkler installation, with a stopvalve (open or closed) on the main between the two branches

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Where it is not possible to provide the duplicate connections, a normally openstop valve on the town main immediately on each side of a single branchconnection shall be provided.

(ii) The mains at each end referred to in Item (a)(i) above shall not be directlydependent on a common trunk main anywhere in the town main system

(iii) The town main system shall be connected to more than one source

(b) Elevated private reservoir or gravity tank

(c) Automatic pump supply drawing from a town main (booster pump), or a pump suctiontank The automatic pump supply shall consist of either —

(i) two automatic pumps, one at least of which shall have a compression-ignitionengine drive and each of which shall be capable of providing independently thenecessary pressures and flows for the respective hazard class (see Clauses 9.3,10.2 or 11.2); or

(ii) three automatic pumps, two at least of which shall have compression-ignitionengine drives and any two of which shall be capable of providing in aggregatethe necessary pressures and flows for the respective hazard class (seeClauses 9.3, 10.2 or 11.2)

In each case the pumps shall be capable of operating in parallel, that is, they shallhave similar pressure and flow characteristics Where pumps draw directly from atown main (booster pumps) or from a suction tank that requires the inflow from atown main to provide the requisite capacity, the town main shall comply with therequirements specified in Items (a)(i), (ii) and (iii) above, except where the suctiontank has a capacity not less than two thirds of the full holding capacity required forthe particular hazard class

NOTE: Where two completely independent electric power sources are available (neitherlinked with the other) or where automatic changeover facilities exist between two completelyindependent electric power sources (excluding emergency stand-by generating sets), theprovision of two electrically driven pumps may be permitted, one supplied from each source

in the former case, or both supplied from each source in the latter case In these circumstancesone of the pumps may be regarded as being compression-ignition engine driven for thepurpose of interpreting this Clause

(d) Pressure tank (for Light Hazard class and Ordinary Hazard 1 only), provided that—

(i) the water capacity is not less than —(A) for Light Hazard class as calculated in accordance with Clause 9.3.5; or(B) for Ordinary Hazard 1 46 000 L; and(ii) there is an arrangement for maintaining automatically the required air pressureand water level in the tank under non-fire conditions (see Clause 4.13)

4.3.4 Grade 1 water supplies

Grade 1 water supplies shall be connected to duplicate water sources Each source shall becapable of providing the same pressure and rate of flow for the required time according thehazard class For light and ordinary hazard classes only, a pressure tank is acceptable as aduplicate water supply (see Figure 4.3.4 for typical arrangements)

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The following combinations of water supplies constitute a Grade 1 water supply service:

(a) Where two town mains are used as a Grade 1 supply, the following additionalrequirements shall apply to ensure continuity of supply:

(i) The mains shall either be independent or form part of an interconnected townmains system having stop valves so arranged that in the event of a breakdown

anywhere in the system, at least one of the mains to the installation shall remain

operative

(ii) The town mains system shall be connected to more than one source

(iii) There shall be a branch connection from each main carried separately up to thepremises containing the installation

NOTE: Two or more installations on any premises in one ownership may have the second andsubsequent installation supplied by a single pipe taken downstream of the interconnection ofthe two branches

(b) Town main and pressure tank (Light and Ordinary Hazard classes only)

(c) Town main and elevated private reservoir or gravity tank

(d) Town main and automatic pump, provided that where the automatic pump draws from

a suction tank of less capacity than that stated in Clause 4.8, the town main whichforms one of the supplies shall not be used to supply the balance

(e) Automatic pump and pressure tank (Light and Ordinary Hazard classes only)

(f) Automatic pump and elevated private reservoir or gravity tank, provided the latterdoes not form the source of supply to the automatic pump

(g) Two elevated private reservoirs or gravity tanks

Alternatively, one double capacity reservoir or tank shall be acceptable if it issuitably subdivided, with separate downpipes from each division The point ofconnection of each downpipe to the sprinkler main should be as close as possible tothe protected premises and the common main shall not traverse ground not under thecontrol of the owner of the installation nor shall it cross a public roadway

(h) Automatic pump supply drawing from a virtually inexhaustible source, such as ariver, canal, lake or underground source, or two limited capacity pump suction tanks.For pump suction tanks, the primary tank shall have a holding capacity equal to thatrequired for the particular hazard class while the secondary tank may be of smallercapacity with automatic inflow, provided that it meets the requirements of Clause 4.8

In High Hazard class systems, the primary pump suction tank may also be of smallercapacity, provided that it meets the requirements of Clause 4.8

The automatic pump supply shall consist of either —(i) two automatic pumps, one at least of which shall have a compression-ignitionengine drive and each of which shall be capable of providing independently thenecessary pressures and flows for the respective hazard class (see Clauses 9.3,10.2 or 11.2); or

(ii) three automatic pumps, two at least of which shall have compression-ignitionengine drives and any two of which shall be capable of providing in aggregatethe necessary pressures and flows in the respective hazard class (seeClauses 9.3, 10.2 or 11.2)

In each case the pumps shall be capable of operating in parallel, that is, they shallhave similar pressure and flow characteristics Where pumps draw from suction tanksprovision shall be made for the pumps to draw from either tank so that when one tank

is rendered inoperative the other tank is available for all pumps

1 If the holding capacity of suction tanks is reduced as permitted above, it will not benecessary to provide separate automatic inflow facilities for either suction tank if the rate

of inflow for either suction tank meets the requirements of Clause 4.8.1

2 Where two completely independent electric power sources are available (neither linkedwith the other) or where automatic changeover facilities exist between two completelyindependent electric power sources (excluding emergency stand-by generating sets), theprovision of two electrically driven pumps may be permitted, one supplied from eachsource in the former case or both supplied from each source in the latter case In thesecircumstances, one of the pumps may be regarded as being compression-ignition enginedriven for the purpose of interpreting this Clause

(i) Elevated private reservoir and pressure tank (Light and Ordinary Hazard classesonly)

FIGURE 4.3.1 LEGEND OF SYMBOLS USED IN SPRINKLER SYSTEMSA1

FIGURE 4.3.2 TYPICAL GRADE 3 WATER SUPPLIES

FIGURE 4.3.3 (in part) TYPICAL GRADE 2 WATER SUPPLIES

FIGURE 4.3.3 (in part) TYPICAL GRADE 2 WATER SUPPLIES

FIGURE 4.3.4 (in part) TYPICAL GRADE 1 WATER SUPPLIES

FIGURE 4.3.4 (in part) TYPICAL GRADE 1 WATER SUPPLIES

FIGURE 4.3.4 (in part) TYPICAL GRADE 1 WATER SUPPLIES