Basic Computer Maintenance EW

Proper Terminology Case Power supply Motherboard (main board) Expansion slots CPU (Central Processing Unit) RAM (Random Access Memory) HDD (Hard disk) BIOS (Basic Input Output System) Optical Drive Floppy Disk Ports Modem Monitor (Display) Sound card (Multimedia device) Video card (Graphics adapter) Network card (Network adapter)

Basic structure of a Computer Computer Maintenance Basic structure of a Computer Chapter 1: Overview of a Computer • Show a typical PC system Basic structure of a Computer • Proper Terminology • Case • Power supply • Motherboard (main board) • Expansion slots • CPU (Central Processing Unit) • RAM (Random Access Memory) • HDD (Hard disk) • BIOS (Basic Input Output System) • Optical Drive • Floppy Disk • Ports • Modem • Monitor (Display) • Sound card (Multimedia device) • Video card (Graphics adapter) • Network card (Network adapter) Detail of PC components Detail of PC components Chapter 2: Cases and power supply •Case: The cabinet that holds main components of a PC •Power supply: use 110V or 220VAC and it is converted to 5V and 12VDC to provide power for components of the PC Detail of PC components AC power connectors: • AC power input is connected through a standard CEE threepronged power cord • AC power connector is used with almost PCs, including Macs, some laptops, power supplies, and many other devices Detail of PC components DC Power Output Connectors DC connector is an electrical connector for supplying directly current DC power Detail of PC components Chapter 3: Motherboard and its Components What is motherboard ? • • • Motherboard is a part of the computer It is called main board It is the circuit board, holds many crucial system of the system It is used to connect to other components It contains the processor socket (s), memory slots, expansion card slots, ports for mouse, keyboard, printer, …, and electronic parts … Detail of PC components Motherboard Components • • • • • • • • • • CPU slot/socket Memory slots BIOS chip Chipset AGP slot Expansion slots (ISA and PCI) Power connectors Battery Disk drive connectors Ports and Built-In (Onboard) Components Detail of PC components Chipset • Every motherboard has a number of integrated circuits (chips or ICs) permanently installed on different parts of the board Each chip has a separate function • Based on Intel Pentium-class microprocessors, the term chipset often refers to a specific pair of chips on the motherboard: the north bridge and the south bridge Detail of PC components CD/DVD Drive Overview • Compact Disc (CD) and Digital Versatile Disc (DVD, formerly Digital Video Disc) drives are called optical drives because microscopic pits embedded into the discs are read by measuring reflected laser light • The different types include the following: DVD-R: Can write to a blank disc once The discs are compatible with most recent DVD video players DVD-RW: Can be written and rewritten to The discs are compatible with most recent DVD video players DVD+RW: Can be written and rewritten to They can read and write to DVD-Rs The discs are compatible with some - Detail of PC components Chapter 6: Central Processing Units (CPU) Overview • It is called the brain of the PC • It is the portion of the computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program • It is the primary element carrying out the computer's functions • The CPU has two famous manufacturers: Intel and AMD Selecting an Appropriate Processor When we select a CPU, the first consideration is compatibility with the mainboard 2.1 Mainboard-CPU compatibility - The compatibility of CPU and mainboard depend on the socket or slot on the mainboard - Some boards can accept Intel but can’t accept AMD and vice versa Some boards can accept both - CPU compatibility is further limited by design elements of the board that require certain models and speed (MHz or GHz) Detail of PC components 3.1 CPU Terminology •Front Side Bus (FSB) -Measured in MHz -The channel that connects the processor with main memory -The faster the FSB, the better the performance, example: 533MHz, 800MHz … •Cache -All new CPUs have cache memory, it pertains to CPUs -It reduces the average time to access memory Because when CPU reads from or write to a location in main memory, the first it checks whether a copy of that data is in the cache If so, CPU will read from or write to the cache Which is much faster than reading form or writing to main memory -CPU cache has multi-level caches, such as: L1 cache, L2 cache, etc Detail of PC components •Sockets and slots Detail of PC components •Sockets and slots Detail of PC components •Pins Detail of PC components •Fans and heat sinks Detail of PC components •Intel CPUs Detail of PC components • CPU tools Operating System & Connected Internet Operating System & Connected Internet Chapter 7: Operating system & Connected Internet Hard Drives and Operating Systems (OS) • To store and retrieve data on a hard drive, and keep track of multiple partitions and multiple drives, significant portions of OSs have to be dedicated to manage hard drives • A partition is a portion of a hard drive recognized by the OS as a separate and complete entity; it is not the divider between these portions as the name suggests • File Systems • The OS has to have a method of storing and organizing files on a drive There are different file systems used by Windows and DOS to serve that purpose: File Allocation Table (FAT) -Better known today as FAT16 for its 16-bit file storage, this is the original DOS and Windows file system - Additionally, FAT16 limits file names to eight characters plus a three-character extension The maximum partition size for FAT16 is 4GB Operating system & Connected Internet FAT32 - FAT32 stores files more efficiently than FAT16 and has support for long filenames (8.3 filename, or 255 UTF-16 characters when using LFN) - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_Allocation_Table NTFS - The original version of NTFS was introduced with Windows NT - A newer version was introduced in Windows 2000, and it is the default file system for 2000 and XP - Allows for many of Windows 2000 and XP's security features not available in FAT16 or 32 - The maximum size for an NTFS partition is two terabytes (TB), which is 240 bytes, or 2048GB Windows 9x and DOS cannot use NTFS • • • • • Operating system & Connected Internet Partitions and Drive Letters Here are definitions of terms used in this area: Active partition - This is the partition that needs to contain the OS's boot files - You can, however, designate any partition as the active partition - If it is the wrong one, the computer won't be able to boot from the hard drive Extended partition - To use an extended partition, you must create one or more logical drives Logical drives are assigned drive letters Primary partition - A partition that functions as a physically separate disk - You can create up to four primary partitions on a physical disk that contains the MBR Logical drive - A partition created on an extended partition A logical drive can be assigned a drive letter Master boot record (MBR) - The area on a hard disk that contains boot files; this is the first sector on the disk Operating system & Connected Internet OS Hard Drive Control and Configuration There are several Windows and DOS programs and commands to use to control and configure hard drives • FDISK (Fixed Disk) - It is a commonly used name for a command-line utility that provides disk partitioning functions - FDISK is a program that runs in DOS - Partitioning with FDISK effectively deletes all data on the drive - When you get the command prompt, type FDISK, F:\>fdisk • FORMAT - Once you have completed partitioning with FDISK, your drive is not yet usable The drive must be formatted with a file system - From the DOS command prompt, type FORMAT D:\FORMAT C: /FS • CONVERT (2000 and XP Only) - It is a command available in 2000 and XP that is used to convert a partition from FAT or FAT32 to NTFS - The syntax to convert drive C to NTFS is as follows: CONVERT C: /FS:NTFS Operating system & Connected Internet Disk Management (2000 and XP Only) • All available disk-related tasks can be done in Disk Management • You can get there through Administrative Tools in Control Panel, and opening Disk Management from Computer Management .. .Basic structure of a Computer Chapter 1: Overview of a Computer • Show a typical PC system Basic structure of a Computer • Proper Terminology • Case • Power... (all 1s), and is the basis of all computer data • For more information on binary number, we go to http:/ /computer. howstuffworks.com/bytes.htm • Main memory in computers comes in modules, often... normal use of the computer Paging will increase, adding stress to the hard drive containing the swap file, and reducing the overall performance of the computer •In a 32-bit computer, the memory