International business 5th griffin chapter 04

the role of culture international business, 5th edition chapter Chapter Objectives • Discuss the primary characteristics of culture • Describe the various elements of culture and provide examples of how they influence international business • Identify the means by which members of a culture communicate with each other 4-2 Chapter Objectives • Discuss how religious and other values affect the domestic environments in which international businesses operate • Describe the major cultural clusters and their usefulness for international managers • Explain Hofstede’s primary findings about differences in cultural values • Explain how cultural conflicts may arise 4-3 Culture Culture is the collection of values, beliefs, behaviors, customs, and attitudes that distinguish one society from another A society’s culture determines the rules that govern how firms operate in the society 4-4 Characteristics of Culture • Learned behavior • Interrelated elements • Adaptive • Shared 4-5 Figure 4.1 Elements of Culture Language Social structure Communication Culture Values/ attitudes 4-6 Religion Social Structure Individuals, families, and groups Social stratification Social mobility 4-7 Language • 3000+ different languages worldwide • 10,000+ different dialects • Primary delineator of cultural groups 4-8 Map 4.1 World Languages 4-9 Map 4.2 Africa’s Colonial Legacy 4-10 Values and Attitudes Values are the principles and standards accepted by the members; attitudes encompass the actions, feelings, and thoughts that result from those values 4-22 Values and Attitudes 4-23 Time Age Education Status Theories of Culture • Hall’s Low-Context, High-Context Approach • Cultural Cluster Approach • Hofstede’s Five Dimensions 4-24 Hall’s Low-Context High-Context Approach An approach to understanding communication based on the relative emphasis on verbal and nonverbal cues to transmit meaning 4-25 4-26 Low Context Chinese Korean Japanese Vietnamese Arab Greek Spanish Italian British U.S./ Canadian Scandinavian Swiss German Figure 4.2 High- and Low-Context Cultures High Context The Cultural Cluster Approach An approach to understanding communication based on meaningful clusters of countries that share similar cultural values 4-27 Map 4.4 A Synthesis of Country Clusters 4-28 Hofstede’s Five Dimensions Social Orientation Power Orientation Uncertainty Orientation Goal Orientation Time Orientation 4-29 Social Orientation Individualism Collectivism Relative importance of the interests of the individual versus interests of the group 4-30 Power Orientation Power Respect Power Tolerance Appropriateness of power/authority within organizations 4-31 Figure 4.4 Social Orientation and Power Orientation Patterns 4-32 Uncertainty Orientation Uncertainty Acceptance Uncertainty Avoidance Emotional response to uncertainty and change 4-33 Goal Orientation Aggressive Passive What motivates people to achieve different goals 4-34 Time Orientation Long-term outlook Short-term outlook The extent to which members of a culture adopt a long-term or a short-term outlook on work and life 4-35 Understanding New Cultures Self-reference criterion Cultural literacy 4-36 Acculturation .. .Chapter Objectives • Discuss the primary characteristics of culture • Describe the various elements of culture and provide examples of how they influence international business • Identify... culture communicate with each other 4-2 Chapter Objectives • Discuss how religious and other values affect the domestic environments in which international businesses operate • Describe the major... international businesses operate • Describe the major cultural clusters and their usefulness for international managers • Explain Hofstede’s primary findings about differences in cultural values