Luyen thi Toefl 1 1

luyện thi ToEFL FOR MOR INFORMATION, PLEASE CONTACT HTTP://HOCTIENGANH.INFO +1 Ch ng (subject) 1.1 Danh t m c v khụng m c 1.2 Quỏn t a (an) v the 1.3 Cỏch s dng Other v another 1.4 Cỏch s dng litter/ a litter, few/ a few 1.5 S hu cỏch 1.6 Some, any +2 ng t ( verb) 2.1 Hin ti (present) 2.1.1 Hinti n gin (simple present) 2.1.2 Hin ti tip din (present progressive) 2.1.3 Present perfect ( hin ti hon thnh) 2.1.4 Hin ti hon thnh tip din ( preset perfect progressive) 2.2 Quỏ kh ( Past) 2.2.1 Quỏ kh n gin (simple past) 2.2.2 Quỏ kh tip din (Past progresive) 2.2.3 Quỏ kh hon thnh (past perfect) học - học -học luyện thi ToEFL 2.2.4 Quỏ kh hon thnh tip din (past perfect progressive) 2.3 Tng lai 2.3.1 Tng lai n gin (simple future) 2.3.2 Tng lai tip din ( future progressive) 2.3.3 Tng lai hon thnh (future perfect) +3 S ho hp gia ch ng v ng t 3.1 Ch ng ng tỏch ng t 3.2 Cỏc danh t luụn ũi hi ng t v i t s it 3.3 Cỏch s dng none, no 3.4 Cỏch s dng cu trỳc either or v neither nor 3.5 Cỏc danh t th 3.6 Cỏch s dng A number of/ the number of 3.7 Cỏc danh t luụn dựng s nhiu 3.8 Cỏch dựng cỏc thnh ng There is, there are +4 i t 4.1 i t nhõn xng ch ng (Subject pronoun) 4.2 i t nhõn xng tõn ng 4.3 Tớnh t s hu 4.4 i t s hu 4.5 i t phn thõn (reflexive pronoun) +5 ng t dựng lm tõn ng 5.1 ng t nguyờn th lm tõn ng 5.2 Ving dựng lm tõn ng học - học -học Tiếng Anh 5.3 ng t c bit 5.4 Cỏc ng t ng ng sau gii t 5.5 Vn i t i trc ng t nguyờn th hoc Ving lm tõn ng +6 Cỏch s dng ng t bỏn khim khuyt need v dare 6.1 need 6.2 Dare +7 Cỏch dựng ng t to be + infinitive +8 Cõu hi 8.1 Cõu hi yes v no 8.2 Cõu hi thụng bỏo 8.2.1 who v what lm ch ng 8.2.2 Whom v what l tõn ng ca cõu hi 8.2.3 Cõu hi dnh cho cỏc b ng (when, where, why, how) 8.3 Cõu hi giỏn tip (embedded questions) 8.4 Cõu hi cú uụi +9 Li núi ph ho khng nh v ph nh 9.1 Li núi ph ho khng nh 9.2 Li núi ph ho ph nh +10 Cõu ph nh +11 Mnh lnh thc 11.1Mnh lnh thc trc tip 11.2 Mnh lnh thc giỏn tip Không học - Học - biết luyện thi ToEFL +12 ng t khim khuyt 12.1 Din t thi tng lai 12.2 Din t cõu iu kin 12.2.1 iu kin cú th thc hin c thi hin ti 12.2.2 iu kin khụng th thc hin c thi hin ti 12.2.3 iu kin khụng th thc hin c thi quỏ kh 12.2.4 Cỏc cỏch dựng c bit ca Will, would v sould cỏc mnh if +13 Cỏch s dng thnh ng as if, as though 13.1 Thi hin ti 13.2 Thi quỏ kh +14 Cỏch s dng ng t To hope v to wish 14.1 Thi tng lai 14.2 Thi hin ti 14.3 Thi quỏ kh +15 Cỏch s dng thnh ng used to v get/be used to 15.1 used to 15.2 get / be used to +16 Cỏch s dng thnh ng Would rather 16.1 Loi cõu cú mt ch ng 16.2 Loi cõu cú ch ng +17 Cỏch s dng Would Like học - học -học Tiếng Anh +18 Cỏch s dng cỏc ng t khim khuyt din t cỏc trng thỏi hin ti 18.1 Could/may/might 18.2 Should 18.3 Must +19 Cỏch s dng cỏc ng t khim khuyt din t cỏc trng thỏi thi quỏ kh +20 tớnh t v phú t (adjective and adverb) +21 ng t ni +22 So sỏnh ca tớnh t v danh t 22.1 So sỏnh bng 22.2 So sỏnh hn, kộm 22.3 So sỏnh hp lý 22.4 Cỏc dng so sỏnh c bit 22.5 So sỏnh a b 22.6 So sỏnh kộp (cng thỡ cng) 22.7 No sooner than (va mi thỡ; chng bao lõu thỡ) +23 Dng nguyờn, so sỏnh hn v so sỏnh hn nht +24 Cỏc danh t lm chc nng tớnh t +25 Enough vi tớnh t, phú t v danh t +26 Cỏc t ni ch nguyờn nhõn 26.1 Because/ because of 26.2 Mc ớch v kt qu (so that- ) Không học - Học - biết luyện thi ToEFL 26.3 Cause and effect +27 Mt s t ni mang tớnh iu kin +28 Cõu b ng +29 ng t gõy nguyờn nhõn 29.1 Have/ get / make 29.2 Let 29.3 Help +30 Ba ng t c bit +31 Cu trỳc phc hp v i t quan h thay th 31.1 That v Which lm ch ng ca cõu ph 31.2 That v wich lm tõn ng ca cõu ph 31.3 Who lm ch ng ca cõu ph 31.4 Whom lm tõn ng ca cõu ph 31.5 Mnh ph bt buc v mnh ph khụng bt buc 31.6 Tm quan trng ca du phy mnh ph 31.7 Cỏch s dng All / both/ several / most + of + whom / which 31.8 What v whose +32 Cỏch loi b cỏc mnh ph +33 Cỏch s dng phõn t mt s trng hp c bit +34 Cỏch s dng nguyờn mu hon thnh +35 Nhng cỏch s dng khỏc ca that 35.1 That vi t cỏch ca mt liờn t (rng) học - học -học Tiếng Anh 35.2 +36 Mnh cú that Cõu gi nh 36.1 Cõu gi nh dựng would rather that 36.2 Cõu gi nh dựng vi ng t bng 36.3 Cõu gi nh dựng vi tớnh t 36.4 Dựng vi mt s trng hp khỏc 36.5 Cõu gi nh dựng vi it is time +37 Li núi bao hm 37.1 Not only but also (khụng nhng m cũn) 37.2 As well as (cng nh, cng nh l) 37.3 Both and ( c ln ) +38 Cỏch s dng to know v to know how +39 Mnh nhng b 39.1 Despite / in spite of (mc dự) 39.2 although, even though, though +40 Nhng ng t d gõy nhm ln +41 Mt s ng t c bit khỏc Phn II TING ANH VIT I Cỏc li thng gp ting anh vit +42 S ho hp ca thi ng t +43 Cỏch s dng to say, to tell +44 T i trc gii thiu Không học - Học - biết luyện thi ToEFL +45 i t nhõn xng one v you +46 Cỏch s dng phõn t m u cho mnh ph 46.1 V+ing m u mnh ph 46.2 Phõn t m u mnh ph ch b ng 46.3 ng t nguyờn th ch mc ớch m u cho mnh ph 46.4 Ng danh t hoc ng gii t m u mnh ph ch s tng ng +47 Phõn t dựng lm tớnh t 47.1 Dựng phõn t lm tớnh t 47.2 Dựng phõn t lm tớnh t +48 Tha (redundancy) +49 Cu trỳc cõu song song +50 Thụng tin trc tip v thụng tin giỏn tip 50.1 Cõu trc tip v cõu giỏn tip 50.2 Phng phỏp chuyn i t cõu trc tip sang cõu giỏn tip 50.3 ng t vi tõn ng trc tip v tõn ng giỏn tip +51 Phú t o lờn u cõu +52 Cỏch chn nhng cõu tr li ỳng +53 Nhng t d gõy nhm ln +54 Cỏch s dng gii t 54.1 During - sut (hnh ng xy mt quóng thi gian) 54.2 From (t) >< to (n) học - học -học Tiếng Anh 54.3 Out of (ra khi) >< into (di vo) 54.4 by 54.5 In ( trong, ti) - ngha xỏc nh hn at 54.6 on 54.7 at - ti (thng l bờn ngoi, khụng xỏc nh bng in) +55 Ng ng t +56 S kt hp ca cỏc danh t, ng t v tớnh t vi cỏc gii t GRAMMAR REVIEW CU TRC CU TING ANH Subject + Verb as predicate + Complement + Modifier Ch ng ng t v ng tõn ng b ng Ch ng (subject) ng u cõu lm ch ng v quyt nh vic chia ng t Ch ng cú th l cm t, ng t nguyờn th (cú to), V+ing, song nhiu nht l danh t vỡ danh t cú liờn quan ti nhng sau: 1.1 Danh t m c v khụng m c - Danh t m c cú th c dựng vi s m ú cú hỡnh thỏi s ớt, s nhiu Nú cú th dựng c dựng vi a (an) v the - Danh t khụng m c khụng dựng c vi s m ú nú khụng cú hỡnh thỏi s nhiu Do ú, nú khụng dựng c vi a (an) - Mt s cỏc danh t m c cú hỡnh thỏi s nhiu c bit vớ d: person - people woman women mouse - mice foot feet tooth - teeth man - men -Sau õy l mt s danh t khụng m c m ta cn bit Không học - Học - biết 10 luyện thi ToEFL Sand soap physics mathematics News mumps Air politics measles information Meat homework food economics advertising* money * Mc dự advertising l danh t khụng m c, nhng advertisement li l danh t m c Vớ d: There are too many advertisements during television shows There is too much advertising during television shows - Mt s danh t khụng m c nh food, meat, money, sand, water, ụi lỳc c dựng nh cỏc danh t m c ch cỏc dng khỏc ca loi danh t ú Vớ d: This is one of the foods that my doctor has forbidden me to eat (ch mt loi thc n c bit no ú) He studies meats ( chng hn pork, beef, lamb vv ) Bng sau l cỏc nh ng dựng c vi danh t m c v khụng m c Danh t m c (with count noun) a (an), the, some, any this, that, these, those, none,one,two,three, many a lot of plenty of a large number of a great number of, a great many of (a) few few than more than Danh t khụng m c (with non-count noun) the, some, any this, that non much (thng dựng cõu ph nh hoc cõu hi a lot of a large amount of a great deal of (a) little less than more than - Danh t time nu dựng vi ngha thi gian l khụng m c nhng nu dựng vi ngha s ln hoc thi i li l danh t m c Vớ d: We have spent too much time on this homework She has been late for class six times this semester 1.2 Quỏn t a (an) v the 1- a v an an - c dựng: 11 học - học -học Tiếng Anh THEN (adj) : sau ú ( c dựng sau thi im ó c cp) Vớ d: First, Julie filled out her schedule; then, she paid her fees THEIR (adj) : tớnh t s hu s nhiu Vớ d: Their team scored the most points during the game THERE (adv) : 1- ú, ng Vớ d: Look over there between the trees 2- c s dng vi be ch s hin din, s cú mt, s tn ti Vớ d: There is a book on the teachers desk THEYRE (i t + ng t): vit tt ca they are Vớ d: Theyre leaving on the noon flight to Zurich TO (gii t) : i ti, cho ti, ti tn lỳc Vớ d: Go to the blackboard and write out the equation TWO (n hoc adj) - hai Vớ d: Two theories have been proposed to explain that incident TOO (adv) 1- quỏ Vớ d: This morning was too cold for the children go to swimming 2- cng, cng vy Vớ d: Jane went to the movie, and we did too WEATHER (n): thi tit Vớ d: Our flight was delayed because of bad weather WHETHER (liờn t): nờn chng (ch la chn) Vớ d: Because of gas shortage, we not know whether we will go away for our vacation or stay home WHOSE (i t) - tớnh t hay i t quan h s hu Vớ d: The person whose name is drawn first will win the grand prize WHOS ( i t quan h + ng t) : vit tt ca who + is hoc who + has Vớ d: Whos (who is) your new biology professor ? Scott is the attorney whos (who has) been reviewing this case Không học - Học - biết 112 luyện thi ToEFL YOUR (adj) - s hu ca you Vớ d: We are all happy about your accepting the position with the company in Baltimore YOURE (i t + ng t) - Vit tt ca you + are Vớ d: Youre going to enjoy the panorama from the top of the hill Cỏc t cú im ging d nhm ln ACCEPT (v) : chp nhn Vớ d: Professor Perez will accept the chairmanship of the humanities department EXCEPT (gt) : ngoi tr (1 vt hay ngi) Vớ d: Everyone is going to the convention exept Bob ACCESS (n) : sn cú, cỏch truy cp vo Vớ d: The teacher had no access to the studentsfiles, which were locked in the principals office EXCESS (adj) : 1- di do, phong phỳ, d tha We paid a surcharge on our excess baggage (n) 2- Lng b xung, ph Vớ d: The demand for funds was in excess of the actual need ADVICE (n) : li khuyờn, t Vớ d: If you heed the teachers advice, you will well in your studies ADVISE (v) : a li khuyờn, hoc t The Congress advised the president against signing the treaty at that time AFFECT (v) : Tỏc ng Vớ d: The doctors wanted to see how the medication would affect the patient EFFECT (n) : 1- Kt qu hoc hu qu Vớ d: The children suffered no ill effects from their long plane ride (v) 2- To hiu qu Vớ d: To effect a change in city government we must all vote on Tuesday Again (adv): ln na, lp li ( hnh ng) Vớ d: Mike wrote to the publishers again, inquiring about his manuscript 113 học - học -học Tiếng Anh AGAINST (gii t) : 1- chng li, phn i ú hoc cỏi gỡ ú Vớ d: The athletic director was against our dancing in the new gym 2- k bờn, bờn cnh Vớ d: The boy standing against the piano is my cousin Bill ALREADY (adv) : sn sng Vớ d: Jans plane had already landed before we got to the airport ALL READY (noun + adj): ó chn b sn sng lm gỡ Vớ d: We are all ready to go boating AMONG (gii t): Ch mi quan h (hoc s la chn t) hay nhiu ngi (nhiu vt) s Vớ d: It was difficult to select a winner from among so many contestants BETWEEN (gii t) : ch mi quan h (s la chn) gia thc th Vớ d: Between writing her book and teaching, Mary Ellen had litte time for anything else Lu ý : cu trỳc between and cng cú th c dựng ch v trớ chớnh xỏc ca quc gia nm gia cỏc quc gia khỏc Vớ d: Vitnam lies between China, laos and cambodia BESIDE (gii t) : bờn cnh ú Vớ d: There is a small table beside the bed BESIDES (gii t hoc phú t): ngoi ra, cng, hn na Vớ d: I have five history books here besides the four that I left at home ASIDE (adv) : t sang bờn Vớ d: Harry sets money aside every payday for his daughters education COMPARE (V) + WITH: so vi ( ch s ging nhau, s tng ng) Vớ d: Sue compared her new school with the last one she had attended CONTRAST (V) + WITH: ch s tng phn (khỏc nhau) Vớ d: In her composition, Marta chose to contrast life in a big city with that of a small town CONSECUTIVE (adj) : Liờn tc ( khụng cú tớnh ngt quóng) Không học - Học - biết 114 luyện thi ToEFL Vớ d: Today is the tenth consecutive day of unbearable heat wave SUCCESSIVE (adj) : liờn tc (cú tớnh ngt quóng) Vớ d: The United States won gold medals in two successive Olympic Games CONSIDERABLE (adj): ỏng k Vớ d: Even thought Marge had considerable experience in the field, she was not hired for the job CONSIDERATE (adj): lch s, õn cn, chu ỏo, hay quan tõm ti ngi khỏc Vớ d: It was very considerate of Harry to send his hostess a bouquet of flowers CREDIBLE (adj) : cú th tin c Vớ d: His explanation of the rescue at sea seemed credible CREDITABLE (adj) : v vang, ỏng ca ngi, ỏng khen Vớ d: The firemans daring rescue of those trapped in the burning was a creditable deed Vic ngi lớnh cu ho dỏm xụng vo cu nhng ngi b nht ỏm chỏy l vic lm ỏng khen ngi CREDULOUS (adj): c tin, nh da Vớ d: Rita is so credulous that she will accept any excuse you offer DETRACT (v) : lm gim (giỏ tr, uy tớn) Vớ d: Mollys nervousness detracted from her singing DISTRACT (v) : lm lóng quờn, lm mt trung Vớ d: Please dont distract your father while he is balancing the chequebook DEVICE (n): mt phỏt minh hay k hoch, thit b, dng c, mỏy múc Vớ d: This is a clever device for cleaning fish without getting pinched by the scales DEVISE (v) : ngh ra, sỏng ch Vớ d: The general devised a plan for attacking the enemy camp at night while the soldiers were celebrating ELICIT (v) : rỳt ra, moi ra, thu hi li, rỳt li Vớ d: The prosecutors barrage of questions finally elicited the truth from the witness ILLICIT (adj) : bt hp phỏp 115 học - học -học Tiếng Anh Vớ d: The politicians illicit dealings with organized crime caused him to lose his government position EMIGRANT (n) : ngi di c (ng t l Emigrate from : di c t) Vớ d: After world war II, many emigrants left Europe to go to the United States IMMIGRANT (n) : ngi nhp c (ng t l Immigrate into ) Vớ d: The United States is a country composed of immigrants EXAMPLE (n) : thớ d, dn chng Vớ d: Picassos Guermica is an excellent example of expressionism in art SAMPLE (n) : mu Vớ d: My niece loves to go to supermarket because the dairy lady always gives her a sample of cheese FORMERLY (adv) : trc õy Vớ d: He formerly worked as a professor, but now he is a physicist FORMALLY (adj) 1- t chnh (n mc) Vớ d: At the resort we were required to dress formally for dinner every night ni ụng ngi ngi ta yờu cu chỳng tụi n mc chnh t vo tt c cỏc ba n ti 2- chớnh thc Vớ d: She has formally requested a name change HARD (adj): 1- khú Vớ d: The test was so hard that nobody passed 2- cng Vớ d: The stadiums seats were hard, so we rented a cushion 3- (phú t) chm ch, rt n lc Vớ d: They worked hard on the project HARDLY (adv) : hu nh khụng Vớ d: He had so much work to after the vacation that he hardly knew where to begin HELPLESS (adj) : Vụ vng, tuyt vng I could not speak their language, I felt helpless trying to understand the tourists plight USELESS (adj) : vụ dng An umbrella is useless in a hurricane ụ s tr nờn vụ dng trn bóo HOUSE (n) v Home (n) : nhiu c s dng ln ln, nhng cú s khỏc bit v ng ngha 1- House ỏm ch ti to nh hoc cụng trỡnh kin trỳc Không học - Học - biết 116 luyện thi ToEFL The Chapmans are building a new house in Buckingham Estates 2- Home ỏm ch ti bu khụng khớ ngụi nh Home l ni trỏi tim IMAGINARY (adj): Tng tng, khụng cú tht Since Ralph has no brother or sisters, he has created an imaginary playmate IMAGINATIVE (adj) : phong phỳ trớ tng tng, giu trớ tng tng Star Wars was created by an highly imaginatve writer IMMORTAL (adj) : bt t The immortal works of Shakespeare are still being read and enjoyed three centuries after their writing IMMORAL (adj) : trỏi vi luõn thng o lý, i bi Their immoral behavior in front of the students cost the teachers their jobs IMPLICIT (adj) : ngm, n tng, tim tng, tuyt i, hon ton Our supervisor has implicit faith in our ability to finish the project on time Ngi giỏm sỏt d ỏn cú nim tin tuyt i vo kh nng hon tt d ỏn ỳng thi hn ca chỳng tụi EXPLICIT (adj) : rừ rng, chớnh xỏc The professor gave explicit instructions for carrying out the research project INDUSTRIAL (adj) : [thuc] cụng nghip Paul had an industrial accident and wa in the hospital for three months INDUSTRIOUS (adj): cn cự, siờng nng Mark was such an industrious student that he received a four-year scholarship to the university INFLICT (v) : kt ỏn, bt phi chu Because the prisoners had created a riot and had assaulted several guards, the warden inflicted several punishments on all the participants AFFLICT (v) : lm su nóo, lm au kh During the Middle Ages, millions of people were afflicted by the plague (vo thi trung c, hng triu ngi ó b ngó bnh vỡ nn dch.) INSPIRATION (n): cm hng (sỏng to, hc tp, khỏm phỏ) Thomas A Edison, inventor of the phonograph, said that an idea was ninety-nine percent perspiration and one percent inspiration (Thomas A Edison, nh phỏt minh chic kốn, núi rng ý tng l 99% m hụi cụng sc v ch 1% cm hng sỏng to) ASPIRATION (n) : 1- khỏt vng, nguyn vng Gails lifelong aspiration has been that of becoming a doctor 2- s hớt th To pronounce certain words, proper aspiration is necessary INTELLIGENT (adj) : thụng minh Dan was so intelligent that he received good grades without ever having to study INTELLIGIBLE (adj) : d dng, d hiu The science teachers explanations were so intelligible that students had no problems doing their assignments 117 học - học -học Tiếng Anh INTELLECTUAL (n) : 1- trớ thc Because Fabian is an intellectual, he finds it difficult to associate with his classmates who are less intelligent 2- (adj): khụn ngoan, ti trớ, uyờn bỏc John was involved in an intellectual conversation with his old professor INTENSE (adj) : mnh, d di, mónh lit Last winters intense cold almost depleted the natural gas supply INTENSIVE (adj) : mnh, sõu, trung Before going to Mexico, Phil took an intensive course in Spanish LATE (adj, adv): 1-khụng ỳng gi, mun Professor Carmichael hates to see his students arrive late 2- (adj) quỏ c Her late husband was the author of that book LATELY (adv) : gn õy I havent seen Burt lately He must be extremely busy with his research LEARN (v) : hc The new cashier had to learn how to operate the computerised cash register TEACH (v) : dy The instructor is teaching us how to program computers LEND (v) v LOAN (v) : cho vay - cú th dựng ln c Jill loaned (lend) me her red dress to wear to the dance BORROW (v) : vay I borrowed Jills red dress to wear to the dance LIQUEFY (v) : tan ra, chy The ice cream began to liquefy in the intense heat LIQUIDATE (v) : tr kh, toỏn, lý The foreign agent tried to liquidate the traitor before he passed the information to his contacts LONELY (adj) : cụ n After her husbands death, Debbie was very lonely and withdrawn Sau cỏi cht ca chng, Debbie rt cụ n v khú tớnh ALONE (adj) : mt mỡnh After losing in the Olympic tryouts, Phil asked to be left alone Near (gii t hoc phú t): gn My biology class meets near the Student Union Nearly (adv): hu ht, gn nh, na We were nearly hit by the speeding car on the turnpike Chỳng tụi na thỡ b mt xe tc cao hỳc vo trờn xa l Observation (n): s quan sỏt, s theo dừi The ancient Egyptians observation of the heavently bodies helped them know when to plant and harvest Không học - Học - biết 118 luyện thi ToEFL Observance (n): s tuõn theo, s tuõn th, nghi thc, nghi l There will be numerous parades and displays of the fireworks in observance of Independece Day Persecute (v) : ngc ói, hnh h Throughout history many people have been persecuted for their religious beliefs Prosecute (v): truy t Shoplifters will be prosecuted to the fullest extent of the law Preceed (v): ng trc Weather Service warnings preceeded the hurricane Proceed (v): tip tc (mt cụng vic b b d) After the fire drill, the teacher proceeded to explain the experiment to the physics class Quantity (n) : s lng (c dựng vi danh t khụng m c) A large quantity of sand was removed before the archeologists found the prehistoric animal bones Number (n): s lng (c s dng vi danh t m c) A number of artefacts were found at the excavation site Remember (v) : nh li, nh, ngh v I not remember what time he asked me to call You dont remember, you? Remind (v) : nhc nh ai, lm cho nh li Please remind me to call Henry at oclock tonight Henry reminds me of my uncle Sensible (adj) : cú úc phỏn oỏn tt When it is raining hard, sensible people stay indoors Sensitive (adj) : nhy cm Stephen cannot be out in the sun very long because he has very sensitive skin and burns easily Special (adj) : c bit Meyers Department Store will have a special sale for their charge customers Especially (adv) : c bit Rita is especially tatented in the fine arts She has a special talent for playing music by ear Use (n): ỏp dng, s dng The salesman said that regular use of fertilizer would ensure a greener, healthier lawn Usage (n) : cỏch s dng Norm Crosbys usage of English vocabulary in his comedy routine is hilarious 54 Cỏch s dng gii t Vic s dng gii t l rt khú vỡ hu ht cỏc khỏi nim v gii t u cú nhng ngoi l Cỏch tt nht hc chỳng l minh ho bng hỡnh nh xem chỳng thc hin chc nng nh th no so vi cỏc gii t khỏc v hc nhng ng dng chung nht nh v nhng thnh ng s dng cỏc gii t khỏc S di õy s em li cho bn ý nim chung v cỏch s dng gii t Tuy nhiờn, nú khụng giỳp c bn hiu nhng thnh ng cha gii t nht nh i vi nhng thnh ng m t nú khụng núi lờn ngha ca nú thỡ ngha ca nú s phi hc thuc Nghiờn cu cỏc cõu vớ d hiu ngha ca mi thnh ng Cỏc gii t v thnh ng ny rt quan trng tt c cỏc phn ca TOEFL 119 học - học -học Tiếng Anh Above, over on to from through into out of by Below, under 54.1 During - sut (hnh ng xy mt quóng thi gian) during for + time (ch trng thỏi) Vớ d: During our vacation, we visited many relatives across the country During the summer, we not have to study 54.2 From (t) >< to (n) Dựng cho thi gian v a im From a time to a time a place a place He lived in Germany from 1972 to 1978 We drove from Atlanta to New York in one day From time to time : thnh thong, ụi Vớ d: We visit the art museum from time to time 54.3 Out of (ra khi) >< into (di vo) be (run) out of + danh t : ht, khụng cũn be out of town : i vng Mr Adams cannot see you this week because he is out of town be out of date (c, li thi) >< be up to date (mi, cp nht, hp thi) Dont use that dictionary It is out of date Find one that is up to date be out of work : tht nghip I have been very unhappy since I have been out of work be out of the question : khụng th c Your request for an extension of credit is out of the question be out of order: hng We had to use our neighbours telephone because ours was out of order Không học - Học - biết 120 luyện thi ToEFL 54.4 by ng t ch chuyn ng + by = i ngang qua ng t tnh + by = gn, bờn by + thi gian c th : trc lỳc Vớ d: We usually eat supper by six oclock in the evening By c dựng cõu b ng ch ch th gõy hnh ng Vớ d: Romeo and Juliet was writen by William Shakespeare By + phng tin giao thụng (bus/ plane/ train/ car/ ship/ bike) Vớ d: We traveled to Boston by train By then : trc lỳc ú Vớ d: I will graduate from the university in 1997 By then, I hope to have found a job By way of = via : theo ng Vớ d: We are driving to Atlanta by way of Baton Rouge By the way : 1- tỡnh c Vớ d: By the way, Ive got two tickets for Saturdays game Would you like to go with me? 2- nhõn õy, tin õy By far + tớnh t so sỏnh : (dựng nhn mnh) Vớ d: This book is by far the best on the subject By accident / by mistake : tỡnh c >< on purpose (c tỡnh) Vớ d: Nobody will receive a check on Friday because the wrong cards were put into the computer by accident 54.5 In ( trong, ti) - ngha xỏc nh hn at In a room/ building/ drawer/ closet : bờn Vớ d: Your socks are in the drawer In + nm/ thỏng Vớ d: His birthday is in April I will begen class in 1998 In time : ỳng gi -va Vớ d: We arrived at the airport in time to eat before the plane left In the street: di lũng ng Vớ d: The children were warned not to play in the street In the morning / afternoon/ evening : vo bui sỏng/ bui chiu/ bui ti Vớ d: I have a dental appointment in the morning, but I will be free in the afternoon In the past/ future: quỏ kh/ tng lai Vớ d: In the past, attendance at school was not compulsory, but it is today In future : t tr i Vớ d: I will spend much time on learning English in future because the TOEFL test is coming In the beginning/ end : thot u/ rt cuc = at first/ at last Vớ d: Everyone seemed unfriendly in the beginning but in the end everyone made friends In the way : chn ngang li, li 121 học - học -học Tiếng Anh Vớ d: He could not park his car in the driveway because another car was in the way Once in a while : thnh thong, ụi Vớ d: Once in a while, we eat dinner at Chiness restaurant In no time at all: nhỏy mt, thoỏng Vớ d: George finishes his assignment in no time at all In the meantime = meanwhile : lỳc ú Vớ d: We start school in several weeks, but in the meantime, we can take a trip In the middle : gia (a im) Vớ d: Grace stood in the middle of the room looking for her friend In the army/ air force/ navy Trong quõn i/ khụng lc/ hi quõn In the + s th t + row : hng gh th Vớ d: We are going to sit in the fifteen row of the auditorium In the event that : trng hp Vớ d: In the event that you win the prize, you will be notified by mail In case : phũng khi, ng nh Vớ d: I will give you the key to the house so you will have it in case I arrive a little late Be/ get in touch/ contact with : tip xỳc, liờn lc, gp g vi Vớ d: Its very difficult to get in touch with Jenny because she works all day 54.6 on On + th tun/ ngytrong thỏng Vớ d: I will call you on Thursday His birthday is on February On + a/the + phng tin giao thụng (bus/ plane/ train/ ship/ bike) Vớ d: Its two late to see Jane; shes already on the plane I came to school this morning on the bus On a street : ti ph Vớ d: I lives on 1st Ngc khỏnh On + the + s th t + floor: tng th Vớ d: My girlfriend lives on the fourth floor of an old building by my house On time : ỳng gi (bt chp hon cnh bờn ngoi) Vớ d: Despite the bad weather, our plane left on time On the corner (of two street) : gúc gia ph Vớ d: My house is on the corner of Ngc khỏnh street and Trm cp street On the corner at the corner in the corner On the sidewalk : trờn va hố Không học - Học - biết 122 luyện thi ToEFL Vớ d: Dont walk in the street, walk on the sidewalk On the way : trờn ng ti >< on the way back to: trờn ng tr v Vớ d: We can stop at the grocery store on the way to their house On the right/ left : bờn trỏi/ bờn phi Vớ d: Paul sits on the left side of the room and Dave sits on the right On television/ (the) radio: trờn truyn hỡnh/ trờn i phỏt Vớ d: The presidents State of the Union Address will be on television and on the radio tonight On the telephone (on the phone): núi trờn in thoi, gi in thoi, nh cú mc in thoi Vớ d: Is your house on the telephone ? - nh cu cú mc in thoi khụng? Janet will be here soon; she is on the telephone On the whole = in general : núi chung Vớ d: On the whole, the rescue mission was well executed On the other hand: nhiờn on the one hand on the other hand : mt mt mt khỏc Vớ d: The present perfect aspect is never used to indicate a specific time; on the other hand, the simple past tense is On sale 1- for sale : cú bỏn, bỏn 2- bỏn h giỏ Vớ d: The house will go on sale this weekend The regular price of the radio is $39.95, but today its on sale for $25 On foot: i b Vớ d: My car would not start so I came on foot 54.7 at - ti (thng l bờn ngoi, khụng xỏc nh bng in) Vớ d: Jane is at the bank At + s nh Vớ d: George lives at 565 16th Avenue At + thi gian c th Vớ d: The class begin at 5:15 At + home/ school/ work : nh/ trng/ ang lm vic Vớ d: Charles is at work and his roommate is at school At night, they are usually at home At + noon/ night: vo ban tra/ vo ban ờm at noon (M) : ỳng 12h tra At least : ti thiu >< at most : ti a Vớ d: We will have to spend at least two weeks doing the experiments At once : lp tc Vớ d: Please come home at once At times : thi thong, ụi Vớ d: At times, it is difficult to understand him because he speaks too fast 123 học - học -học Tiếng Anh At present/ the moment = now + thi tip din Lu ý: gii t trờn tng ng vi presently nhng phi cn thn s dng phú t ny vỡ nhng v trớ khỏc s mang nhng ngha khỏc Sentence + presently : Ngay tc thỡ, chng bao lõu Vớ d: She will be here presently : cụ y s ti õy bõy gi Presently + sentence : Ngay sau ú Vớ d: Presently he heard her living home Subject + presently + verb : Hin Vớ d: She is presently working on her PhD degree - Hin cụ y ang lm lun ỏn tin s trit hc Vớ d: She is studying at the moment At first : thot u >< at last : v sau Vớ d: Jane was nervous at first, but later she felt more relaxed At the beginning/ at the end of : u/ cui ( dựng cho a im/ thi gian) Mt s thnh ng c bit dựng vi gii t On the beach: trờn bói bin Vớ d: We walked on the beach for several hours last night In place of = instead of : thay cho, thay vỡ Vớ d: Sam is going to the meeting in place of his brother, who has to work Lu ý: In place of khụng thay th c cho instead instead i mt mỡnh ng cui cõu Vớ d: She was supposed to come this morning, but she went to the lab instead For the most part : ch yu Vớ d: The article discuses, for the most part, the possibility of life in other planets In hopes of + Ving = hoping to + verb = hoping that + sentence Vớ d: John called his brother in hopes of finding somebodyto watch his children Of course : chc chn, tt nhiờn Vớ d: If you study the material very thoroughly, you will have no trouble on the examination Off and on : dai dng, tỏi hi, tng chp mt Vớ d: It rained off and on all day yesterday All of a sudden: bt thỡnh lỡnh Vớ d: When we were walking through the woods, all of a sudden, we heard a strange sound For good = for ever : vnh vin, mói mói Vớ d: Helen is leaving Chicago for good 55 Ng ng t ú l nhng ng t kt hp vi 1,2 hoc ụi gii t Khi kt hp dng nh vy, ng ngha ca chỳng thay i hn so vi ngha ban u To break off: chm dt, ct t, on tuyt Vớ d: As a result of the recent, unprovoked attack, the two countries broke off their diplomatic relations To bring up: nờu ra, a Không học - Học - biết 124 luyện thi ToEFL Vớ d: The country commissioner brought up the heated issue of restricting on-street parking Call on : 1- yờu cu Vớ d: The teacher called on James to write the equation on the blackboard 2- ghộ thm, n thm Vớ d: The new minister called on each of the families of his church in order to become better acquainted with them Care for: 1- thớch (take care of) Vớ d: Because Marita doesnt care for dark colors, she buys only brightly colored clothes 2- trụng nom, sn súc (take care for) Vớ d: My neighbors asked me to care for their children after school Check out : 1- Mn sỏch (th vin) Vớ d: I went to the library and checked out thirty books last night for my research paper 2- xem xột, iu tra Vớ d: This photocopy machine is not working properly Could you check out the problem? Check out of : lm th tc ( khỏch sn, sõn bay, nh ga) >< check into : lm th tc vo sõn bay, khỏch sn Check (up) on : iu tra Vớ d: The insurance company decided to check up on his driving record before insuring him Close in on : tin li gn, chy li gn Vớ d: In his hallucinatory state, the addict felt that the walls were closing in on him Come along with: i cựng vi Vớ d: June came along with her supervisor to the budget meeting Come down with : Mc phi cn bnh Vớ d: During the summer, many people come down with intestinal disorders Count on = depent on = rely on : trụng cy vo, da vo, nh vo Vớ d: Maria was counting on the grant money to pay her way through graduate school Do away with = eliminate = get rid of : tng kh, loi b, tr kh Vớ d: Because of the increasing number of broblems created after the football games, the director has decided to away with all sports activities Draw up : son tho (1 hp ng, k hoch) A new advertising contract was drawn up after the terms had been decided Drop out of : b (c bit b hc gia chng) Vớ d: This organization has done a great deal to prevent young people from dropping out of school 56 S kt hp ca cỏc danh t, ng t v tớnh t vi cỏc gii t Rt nhiu danh t, ng t, v cỏc tớnh t c i kốm vi cỏc gii t nht nh Tuy nhiờn, cng cú nhiu ngoi l Sau õy s lit kờ mt s danh t, ng t, v tớnh t m chỳng thng xuyờn hin din vi cỏc gii t kốm theo 125 học - học -học Tiếng Anh Nouns + prepositions equivalent of number of example of quality of reason for exception for pair of sample of possibility of Cỏc danh t cho bng sau cú th i vi hoc for hoc of fear method hatred need means Vớ d: The quality of this photograph is poor I saw a sample of her work and was quite impressed They have yet to discover a new method of/ method for analyzing this information ng t + gii t Decide on plan on depend on detract from engage in approve of emerge from escape from succeed in participate in remove from mingle with confide in pay for rely on Chỳ ý: Khụng c nhm ln gia to ca mt ng t nguyờn th vi gii t to Mt s ng t cú th hoc Không học - Học - biết 126 ... cỏc mnh if +13 Cỏch s dng thnh ng as if, as though 13 .1 Thi hin ti 13 .2 Thi quỏ kh +14 Cỏch s dng ng t To hope v to wish 14 .1 Thi tng lai 14 .2 Thi hin ti 14 .3 Thi quỏ kh +15 Cỏch s dng... 9 .1 Li núi ph ho khng nh 9.2 Li núi ph ho ph nh +10 Cõu ph nh +11 Mnh lnh thc 11 .1Mnh lnh thc trc tip 11 .2 Mnh lnh thc giỏn tip Không học - Học - biết luyện thi ToEFL +12 ng t khim khuyt 12 .1. .. khuyt 12 .1 Din t thi tng lai 12 .2 Din t cõu iu kin 12 .2 .1 iu kin cú th thc hin c thi hin ti 12 .2.2 iu kin khụng th thc hin c thi hin ti 12 .2.3 iu kin khụng th thc hin c thi quỏ kh 12 .2.4 Cỏc