STEM Purpose: To compare and contrast the internal organization of monocot and dicot stems Materials: Cross section prepared slides of stems Typically, stems are responsible for holding the leaves up to the light so photosynthesis can occur, and they conduct minerals and water absorbed by the roots to other regions of the plant There are types of stem in anatomical structure: Procedure: Obtain a prepared slide of stems Identify the type of the stem under microscope with scanning power If the stem looks like type I then you turn to page 19 If the stem looks like type or then you turn to page 18 If the stem look like type 4, turn to page 17 15 16 PART I MONOCOT STEM Examine a prepared slide of Zea mays stem under the microscope Use the image on page 15 and locate the following structures: epidermis, cortex, vascular bundle, xylem, phloem Sketch and label a vascular bundle Answer questions 1-5 What is the shape and function of the epidermal cells? How are the vascular bundles arranged throughout the cross-section of the stem? Describe how can you differentiate between xylem and phloem tissue? Give at least answers! What type of tissue surrounds the vascular bundle? What is the function of the tissue in question 13? 17 PART II DICOT STEM: HERBACEOUS Examine a slide of a cross section of Helianthus stem Identify: the primary and secondary xylem, primary and secondary phloem, pith, cortex and epidermis, vascular cambium Answer questions 6-12 Write down the tissues and cells of the Helianthus stem from outermost to innermost? Just outside the xylem is the cambium, how does it differ in appearance from the xylem? Give at least answers! Just outside the cambium is the phloem, how does it differ from the cambium? Give at least answers! What kind of tissue make up the pith? 10 You may see some group of sclerenchyma cells outside the phloem What are they? Examine a slide of a cross section of a Rannunculus stem Identify the pith, vascular bundle, xylem, phloem, cortex and epidermis 11 What is the difference in pith structure of this two plant? 12 Rannunculus is generally found on the margins of wetlands Which structure describe its ecological type? (2 points) What is the term of its ground tissue? 18 PART III DICOT STEM: WOODY Examine a slide of a cross section of a Hibiscus stem Identify the pith, xylem, vascular cambium, phloem, cortex and periderm (cork, cork cambium, lenticel …) Answer questions 13-17 13 Write down the tissues and cells of the Hibiscus stem from outermost to innermost? 14 What is difference in dermal tissue between Hibicus and Helianthus stems? 15 Based on the vascular tissues, how old is this plan? 16 Can you find phloem fiber in this plan? 17 Compare the monocot and dicot stems? (Give at least answers) 19 ROOT Purpose: To compare and contrast the internal organization of monocot and dicot roots Materials: Cross section prepared slides of roots 20 PART I MONOCOT ROOT Examine a prepared slide of Zea mays root under the microscope Use the image on page 15 and locate the following structures: epidermis, cortex, endodermis with Casparian strips, pericycle, protoxylem poles, xylem, phloem Answer questions 1-6 Write down the tissues and structures of the root from outermost to innermost? What type of tissues make up the cortex of the root? What is the endodermis? What is Casparian strips? What does its function? How many protoxylem poles in the root? 21 PART II DICOT ROOT Examine a prepared slide of Rannunculus or Cucurbita pepo root under the microscope Use the image on page 15 and locate the following structures: epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, protoxylem poles, xylem, phloem Answer questions 7-10 How many protoxylem poles in the root? Why can’t you find the Casparian strips? How does the dicot root differ from the monocot root? (2 points) 10 22 How roots compare to stems? (Give at least answers) PART III EXAM A ROOT Examine a prepared slide of root under the microscope Can you identify the plant is monocot or dicot?Why Can you guest the environment where plant live?Why? Sketch and label structures of the root 23 ... the root? Why can’t you find the Casparian strips? How does the dicot root differ from the monocot root? (2 points) 10 22 How roots compare to stems? (Give at least answers) PART III EXAM A ROOT. .. prepared slide of root under the microscope Can you identify the plant is monocot or dicot?Why Can you guest the environment where plant live?Why? Sketch and label structures of the root 23 ... monocot and dicot stems? (Give at least answers) 19 ROOT Purpose: To compare and contrast the internal organization of monocot and dicot roots Materials: Cross section prepared slides of roots 20 PART