Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com www.Ebook777.com RT6573_ half title page 6/3/04 1:23 PM Page C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Assessment of Couples and FAMILIES www.Ebook777.com RT6573_title page 6/8/04 12:39 PM Page C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Assessment of Couples and FAMILIES Contemporary and Cutting-Edge Strategies EDITED BY LEN SPERRY, M.D., PH.D NEW YORK AND HOVE RT6573_Prelims.fm Page i Thursday, June 3, 2004 2:49 PM Assessment of Couples and Families RT6573_Prelims.fm Page ii Thursday, June 3, 2004 2:49 PM Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com THE FAMILY THERAPY AND COUNSELING SERIES Consulting Editor Jon Carlson, Psy.D., Ed.D Ng Global Perspectives in Family Therapy: Development, Practice, Trends Erdman and Caffery Attachment and Family Systems: Conceptual, Empirical, and Therapeutic Relatedness Crenshaw Treating Families and Children in the Child Protective System Sperry Assessment of Couples and Families: Contemporary and Cutting-Edge Strategies www.Ebook777.com RT6573_Prelims.fm Page iii Thursday, June 3, 2004 2:49 PM Assessment of Couples and Families Contemporary and Cutting-Edge Strategies Edited By LEN SPERRY Brunner-Routledge New York and Hove RT6573_Prelims.fm Page iv Wednesday, June 9, 2004 10:48 AM Cover image: ©Racioppa/Getty Images Cover design: Elise Weinger Published in 2004 by Brunner-Routledge 270 Madison Avenue New York, NY 10016 www.brunner-routledge.com Published in Great Britain by Brunner-Routledge 27 Church Road Hove, East Sussex BN3 2FA www.brunner-routledge.com Copyright © 2004 by Taylor & Francis Books, Inc Brunner-Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission from the publishers 10 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Assessment of Couples and Families: Contemporary and Cutting-Edge strategies / Len Sperry, Editor p cm ISBN 0–415–94657–3 (hardcover) Family assessment Marital Psychotherapy Family Psychotherapy Couples-Psychology [DNLM: 1.Couples Therapy–methods Family Relations Family Therapy–methods Models, Psychological Spouses–psychology WM 430.5.M3 A846 2004] I Sperry, Len II Title III Series RC488.53.A875 2004 616.89’156—dc22 2003027250 RT6573_Prelims.fm Page v Thursday, June 3, 2004 2:49 PM THIS BOOK IS DEDICATED TO THE MEMORY OF THE LATE KENNETH I HOWARD, PH.D., A CHERISHED MENTOR, COLLEAGUE, AND FRIEND TO ME, AND A MAJOR FIGURE IN THE FIELD OF PSYCHOLOGICAL MEASUREMENT , EVALUATION , AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH RT6573_Prelims.fm Page vi Thursday, June 3, 2004 2:49 PM RT6573_bookTOC.fm Page vii Thursday, June 3, 2004 2:49 PM Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com Contents Contributors Series Foreword Foreword by Jay Lebo Preface Acknowledgments ix xi xiii xvii xix PART I BASIC CONSIDERATIONS AND MODELS Assessment of Couples and Families: An Introduction and Overview Len Sperry Models and Issues in Couple and Family Assessment James H Bray 13 PART II GENERAL STRATEGIES Qualitative Strategies in Couple and Family Assessment Maureen Duffy and Ronald J Chenail 33 Effective Use of Psychological Tests with Couples and Families A Rodney Nurse and Len Sperry 65 Observational Assessment of Couples and Families Robert B Hampson and W Robert Beavers 91 Clinical Outcomes Assessment of Couples and Families Len Sperry 117 PART III SPECIFIC APPLICATIONS Couples Assessment: Strategies and Inventories Dennis A Bagarozzi and Len Sperry 135 Child and Family Assessment: Strategies and Inventories Lynelle C Yingling 159 Child Custody and Divorce Assessment: Strategies and Inventories M Sylvia Fernandez and Sloane E Veshinski 183 vii www.Ebook777.com RT6573_C11.fm Page 271 Thursday, June 3, 2004 2:55 PM COUPLE AND FAMILY ASSESSMENT 271 = 80.82; p < 01 Because the Beavers rating scale takes only 10 minutes, it appears to be an efficient and accurate measure The McMaster scales were nearly as precise The fact that the Beavers and McMaster models derived from general systems theory and careful clinical observations probably increases their clinical validity The circumplex model is firmly based on theory, but appears to have lower levels of clinical validity This makes me think that the global assertion that an assessment model and tool must be soundly connected to theory may not be universally necessary A nice blend of systems theory and clinical reality can well The assertion that evaluation should be linked to intervention is directly on target This was fairly explicit in our chapter for the Beavers and McMaster models Our book, Successful Families: Assessment and Intervention, although not a cookbook, linked necessary tasks and stances of therapists, given the clinical typology of the family, based on the assessment Several articles found that therapy works best when these guidelines are followed by therapists (Hampson & Beavers, 1996a, b) Epstein and his colleagues (1981) also identified family strength/weakness patterns and the recommended therapeutic interventions (problem-centered systems therapy of the family (PCSTF) Finally, the challenge that therapy must be more than talk is also on target Cognitive and straight talk or narrative approaches work well for certain types of families: those that respect words, negotiate fairly well, and are probably no worse off than midrange levels of competence Families who cannot coordinate actions, distrust words, and are in chronic emotional pain that words cannot solve need something different from their therapists These families are more disturbed, and often more centrifugal in style on the Beavers model Thanks to Dr L’Abate for his insightful comments L’ Abate’s Reply What can one say in response to compliments, except to express my admiration for these two contributors’ work? If or when I grow up, I would like to be more like them! CONCLUSION This writer is grateful to the editor for inviting him to comment on the contributions in this book The foregoing comments may have been harsh and iconoclastic; however, he congratulates all contributors for their work It is sad and unfortunate that all these contributors’ work is not receiving the attentions of a wider community of couple/family therapists Unless professional associations and managed care companies require pre–post intervention evaluations RT6573_C11.fm Page 272 Thursday, June 3, 2004 2:55 PM 272 ASSESSMENT OF COUPLES AND FAMILIES unquestioningly as a standard operating procedure (as veterinarians with pets), the field of couple/family evaluation will remain in the hands of a small section of dedicated professionals, such as those represented in this book The majority could not care less because there are no consequences to current professional practices still based on the subjectivity of the professional, rather than on intersubjective and objective approaches above and beyond the personal opinion of the professional The prognosis for the field of couple/family evaluation is easy As long as talk remains the sole medium of intervention, the status quo will prevail By relying on writing as an additional or sole medium of intervention at a distance from respondents, drastic changes may occur, requiring changes that many couple/family therapists may be afraid to undertake—the devil we have is better than the devil we not know REFERENCES Bartholomew, K., & Perlman, D (Eds.) (1994) Attachment processes in adulthood London: Jessica Kingsley Beavers, W R & Hampson R B (2000) The Beavers systems model of family functioning Journal of Family Therapy, 22, 128–143 Becker, A L (1991) A short essay on languaging In F Steier (Ed.), Research and reflexivity (pp 226-234) Newbury Park, CA: Sage Cusinato, M., & L’ Abate, L (1994) A spiral model of intimacy In S M Johnson & L Greenberg, (Eds.), The heart of the matter: Perspectives on emotion in marital therapy, (pp 108–123) New York: Brunner/Mazel Cusinato, M., & L’ Abate, L (2003a) Evaluation of a structured psychoeducational intervention with couples: The Dyadic Relationships Test American Journal of Family Therapy, 31, 79–89 Cusinato, M., & L’ Abate, L (2003b) The Dyadic Relationships Test: Creation and validation of a model-derived, visual–verbal instrument to evaluate couple relationships (submitted for publication) Esterling, B A., L’ Abate, L., Murray, E., & Pennebaker, J M (1999) Empirical foundations for writing in prevention and psychotherapy: Mental and physical outcomes Clinical Psychology Review, 19, 79–96 Fischer, J & Corcoran, K (1994) Measures for clinicalpractice 2nd Edition New York: Free Press Hubble, M A., Duncan, B L., & Miller, S D (1999) The heart and soul of change: What works in therapy Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association L’ Abate, L (1976) Understanding and helping the individual in the family New York: Grune & Stratton L’ Abate, L (1986a) Systematic family therapy New York: Brunner/Mazel L’ Abate, L (1986b) Prevention of marital and family problems In B A Edelstein and L Michelson (Eds.), Handbook of prevention, (pp 177–193) New York: Plenum L’ Abate, L (1990) Building family competence: Primary and secondary prevention strategies Newbury Park, CA: Sage L’ Abate, L (1992a) Programmed writing: A self-administered approach for interventions with individuals, couples and families Pacific Grove, CA: Brooks/Cole L’ Abate, L (1992b) Family psychology and family therapy: Comparisons and contrasts American Journal of Family Therapy, 20, 3–12 RT6573_C11.fm Page 273 Thursday, June 3, 2004 2:55 PM COUPLE AND FAMILY ASSESSMENT 273 L’ Abate, L (1994a) A theory of personality development New York: Wiley L’ Abate, L (1994b) Family evaluation: A psychological interpretation Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage L’ Abate, L (1996) Workbooks for Better Living L’ Abate, L (1997) The self in the family: A classification of personality, criminality, and psychopathology New York: Wiley L’ Abate, L (1999a) Increasing intimacy in couples through distance writing and face-to-face approaches In J Carlson & L Sperry (Eds.), The intimate couple (pp 327–339) Bristol, PA: Brunner/Mazel L’ Abate, L (1999b) Structured enrichment and distance writing for couples In R Berger & T Hannah, (Eds.), Preventative approaches in couples therapy (pp 106–124) Philadelphia, PA: Taylor & Francis L’ Abate, L (1999c) Taking the bull by the horns: Beyond talk in psychological interventions The Family Journal: Therapy and Counseling for Couples and Families, 7, 206–220 L’ Abate, L (2000) Psychoeducational strategies In J Carlson & L Sperry (Eds.), Brief therapy strategies with individuals and couples (pp 396–346) Phoenix, AZ: Zeig/Tucker L’ Abate, L (Ed.) (2001a) Distance writing and computer-assisted interventions in psychiatry and mental heath Westport, CT: Ablex L’ Abate, L (2001b) Hugging, holding, huddling, and cuddling (3HC): A task prescription in couples and family therapy The Journal of Clinical Activities, Assignments, and Handouts in Psychotherapy Practice, 1, 5–18 L’ Abate, L (2002) Beyond psychotherapy: Programmed writing and structured computer-assisted interventions Westport, CT: Ablex L’ Abate, L (2003a) Family psychology III: Theory building, theory testing, and psychological interventions Lanham, MD: University Press of America L’ Abate, L (2003b) Treatment through writing: A unique new direction In T L Sexton, G Weeks, & M Robbins (Eds.), The handbook of family therapy (pp 397–409) New York: Brunner–Routledge L’ Abate, L (2004a) A guide to self-help workbooks for mental health clinicians and researchers Binghamton, NY: Haworth L’ Abate, L (Ed.) (2004b) Workbooks in prevention, psychotherapy, and rehabilitation: A resource for clinicians and researchers Binghamton, NY: Haworth L’ Abate, L (2005) Personality in intimate relationships: Socialization and psychpathology New York: Kluwer Academic L’ Abate, L., & De Giacomo, P (2003) Intimate relationships and how to improve them: Integrating theory with preventive and psychotherapeutic interventions Westport, CT: Praeger L’ Abate, L., & Kern, R (2002) Workbooks: Tools for the expressive paradigm In S J Lepore and J M Smyth (Eds.), The writing cure: How expressive writing promotes health and well-being (pp 239–255) Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association L’ Abate, L., & Weinstein, S E (1987) Structured enrichment programs for couples and families New York: Brunner/Mazel L’ Abate, L., & Young, L (1987) Casebook of structured enrichment programs for couples and families New York: Brunner/Mazel L’ Abate, L., De Giacomo, P., McCarty, F., De Giacomo, A., & Verrastro, G (2000) Testing three models of intimate relationships Contemporary Family Therapy: An International Journal, 22, 103–122 L’ Abate, L (2005, submitted for publication) Summary of a relational theory for the DSM-IV L’ Abate, L., L’Abate, B L & Maino, E (2005) A review of 25 years of part time professional practice: Workbooks and length of psychotherapy American Journal of family therapy, 33, 000000 L’ Abate, L., Lambert, R G., & Schenck, P (2001) Testing a relational model of psychopathology with the MMPI-2 American Journal of Family Therapy, 29, 221–238 RT6573_C11.fm Page 274 Thursday, June 3, 2004 2:55 PM 274 ASSESSMENT OF COUPLES AND FAMILIES Liddle, H A., & Dakoff, G A (1995) Family-based treatment for adolescent drug use: State of the science In E Rahdert & D Czechowicz (Eds.), Adolescent drug abuse: Clinical assessment and therapeutic interventions (pp 218–254) National Institute on Drug Abuse Research monograph 156 NIH Pub No 95-3908 Rockville, MD: National Institute on Drug Abuse Little, H A., Santisteban, D A., Levant, R F., & Bray, J H (Eds.) (2002) Family psychology: Science-based interventions Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association McMahan, O., & L’ Abate, L (2001) Programmed distance writing with seminarian couples In L L’ Abate (Ed.), Distance writing and computer-assisted interventions in psychiatry and mental heath (pp 137–156) Westport, CT: Ablex Nurse, A R (1999) Family assessment New York: Wiley Plake, B (Ed.) (2003) Mental measurements yearbook 15th edition New York: Buros Institute Pote, H., Stratton, P., Cottrell, D., Shapiro, D., & Boston, P (2003) Systemic family therapy can be manualized: Research process and findings Journal of Family Therapy, 25(3), 236–262 Reed, R., McMahan, O., & L’ Abate, L (2001) Workbooks and psychotherapy with incarcerated felons In L L’ Abate (Ed.), Distance writing and computer-assisted interventions in psychiatry and mental heath (pp 157–167) Westport, CT: Ablex Saunders, B E., Berliner, L., & Hanson, R F (Eds.) (2002) Child physical and sexual abuse: Guidelines for treatment (Final Report: December 10, 2002) Charleston, SC: Authors Smyth, J., & L’Abate, L (2001) A meta-analytic evaluation of workbook effectiveness in physical and mental health In L L’ Abate (Ed.), Distance writing and computer-assisted interventions in psychiatry and mental heath (pp 77–90) Westport, CT: Ablex Stevens, F E., & L’ Abate, L (1989) Validity and reliability of a theory-derived measure of intimacy American Journal of Family Therapy, 17, 359–368 Szapocznik, J., & Coatsworth, J D (1999) An ecodevelopmental framework for organizing risk and protection for drug abuse: A developmental model of risk and protection In M Glantz & C R Hartel (Eds.), Drug abuse: Origins and interventions (pp 331–366) Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association RT6573_Index.fm Page 275 Thursday, June 3, 2004 2:56 PM INDEX In this index, page numbers followed by the letter “t” designate tables A Active-passive polarity, 73 Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES), 230–231, 241t Adult attachment interview, 45–47 case example, 47 Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI), 57t Affect, family, 17–18, 100 Affective involvement, 100 Affective responsiveness, 100 American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy code of ethics, 185 American Counseling Association code of ethics, 185 Antisocial female/antisocial-narcissistic male prototype, 76–77 Anxiety m easures , f or c h ildre n , 231–232 Areas of Ch an ge Qu estionn aire, 141–142, 148t Assessment See also subtopics child abuse, 207–247, 238–241t c h i l d a n d f a m i l y, – , 172–1 73t ( See also Fam ily functioning) child custody, 183–206, 198–200t clinical application, 25–26 clinical outcomes, 117–132, 130t commentary and responses, 251–274 contemporary clinical practice, 3–4 couples, 135–158 divorce, 183–206, 198–200t individual to family, 4–5 issues in, 20–25 observational, 91–115, 105t psychological tests, 65–89, 82t qualitative strategies, 33–63 systemic epistemology, 4–6 transactional, 20–21 Assessment strategy, 20–25 Attachment theory, 252 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), abuse and, 210 B BBRS (Burks’ Behavior Rating Scale), 192–193, 199t Beavers Interactional Scales, 6, 92–98, 105t, 270 Autonomy, 94 Beavers systems model, 93–95 Family Affect, 95 prototypes, 95–98 Beavers prototypes, 95–98, 270 borderline centrifugal, 96 borderline level, 96 midrange, 95 midrange centripetal, 95–96 midrange mixed/midrange centrifugal, 96 severely dysfunctional, 97 severely dysfunctional centrifugal, 97 Beavers Self-Report Family Inventory (SFI), 6, 121, 130t, 166–167, 172t, 270 Beck Depression Inventory, 228–229, 241t, 260 Behavioral observation, 91–115, 105t See also Observational assessment Behavior control, 100 275 RT6573_Index.fm Page 276 Thursday, June 3, 2004 2:56 PM 276 INDEX Borderline families, 96, 111 Boundaries, 102 Burks’ Behavior Rating Scale (BBRS), 192–193, 199t C CAPI (Child Abuse Potential Inventory), 220–221, 239t Case examples adult attachment interview, 47 child abuse assessment, 233–236 clinical outcomes measurement, 126–129 couples assessment, 152–154 custody assessment, 85–88, 201–204 diagnostic interviewing, 40–41 family functioning, 176–179 genogram, 50–51 observational assessment, 108–113 psychological tests, 85–88 qualitative strategies, 56–60 CBCL (Behavior Checklist), 213–214, 238t CDC(Dissociative Checklist), 216–217, 238t C e n t r i f u g a l p ro t o t y p e ( B e a v e r s model), 96, 97, 106 Ce ntripetal prototy p e (Beav ers model), 95, 96, 106, 111 Chaotic relational units, 106 Chapter structure, 6–8 Child abuse assessment, 207–247, 238–241t anxiety measures, 231–232 Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC), 231–232, 241t assessment complexities, 208–211 acts versus diagnosis, 208 comorbidity, 211 developmentally appropriate criteria, 208–209 lack of instrumentation, 210–211 misdiagnosis, 210 single vs multiple traumas, 209–210 symptom discontinuity (sleeper effect), 208 case example, 233–236 child self-report measures, 222–226 Children’s Impact of Traumatic Events Scale—Revised (CITES-R), 225–226, 240t Children’s PTSD-Reaction Index (CPTS-RI), 223–225, 240 Children’s Reaction to Traumatic Events Scale (CRTES), 227, 241t Impact of Events Scale (IES), 226–227, 241t Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC), 222–223, 239t conclusions and recommendations, 242–244, 247 depression measures, 228–230 B e c k D e p re s s i o n I n v e n t o r y (BDI-II), 228–229, 241t Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), 229–230, 241t dissociation measures, 230–231 Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (A-DES), 230–231, 241t limitations, 211–212 parent, caregiver, and teacher measures Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI), 220–221, 239t Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), 213–214, 238t Child Dissociative Checklist (CDC), 216–217., 238t Child Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI), 214–215, 238t Parent-Child Conflict Tactic Scale (CTPSC), 221–222, 239t RT6573_Index.fm Page 277 Thursday, June 3, 2004 2:56 PM Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com INDEX Parenting Stress Index (PSI), 219–220, 239t Pediatric Emotional Distress Scale (PEDS), 217–218, 238t protocol, 232–233 purpose, 207–208 selection of instruments, 212 Child Abuse Potential Inventory (CAPI), 220–221, 239t Child and family assessment, 159–181, 172–173t See also Family functioning Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), 188–189, 198t, 213–214, 238t Child custody, 183–206, 198–200t See also Custody assessment Child Dissociative Checklist (CDC), 216–217, 238t Child Rearing Practices Report (CRPR), 193–194, 200t Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), 229–230, 241t Ch ildren’s Impact of Traum atic Events Scale—Revised (CITES-R), 225–226, 240t Children’s PTSD-Reaction Index (CPTS-RI), 223–225, 240t Children’s Reaction to Traumatic Events Scale (CRTES), 227, 241t Child Sexual Behavior Inventory (CSBI), 214–215, 238t Circular questions, 42 CITES-R (Children’s Impact of Traumatic Events Scale—Revised), 225–226, 240t Classification of Relational Disorders, 5–6 Clinical outcomes assessment, 117–132, 130t background and principles, 118 case example, 126–129 concluding comment, 131 for couples, 123–125 277 Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), 123–124 for families, 121–123 GARF, 121–122 levels of, 119–120 Marital Satisfaction Inventory—Revised, 124–125 protocol, 125 Self-Report Family Inventory (SFI), 123 Systematic Assessment of Family Environment (SAFE), 122–123 system types and clinical value, 118–120 Clinical Rating Scale of the Circumplex Model of Marital and Family Systems, 100–102, 105t, 270 CNCL (Child Behavior Checklist), 188–189, 198t Codes of ethics American Association for Marriage and Family Therapy, 185 American Counseling Association, 185 Coefficient, Kuder-Richardson, 10 Cohesion, family and couple, 102 Commentary, disconnection from theory, 252–255 Communication, 99 circumplex model, 102 Comorbidity, in abused children, 211 COMPASS-OP, 120 Complexity, family, 18–19 Composition, family, 16 Compulsive female/avoidant male, 74–75 Confidentiality, 175 Conflict Tactics Scales (CST2), 140–141, 149t Connected/disconnected prototypes, 102 Consistency See also Reliability Constructionist therapies, Construct validity, 11 Content validity, 11 Context, family functioning and, 19 www.Ebook777.com RT6573_Index.fm Page 278 Thursday, June 3, 2004 2:56 PM 278 INDEX Convergent validity, 11 Coping questions, 44 Couples, patterned relationships, 17 Couples assessment, 135–158 A d u l t A t t a c h m e n t I n t e r v i e w, 152–154, 154–156 Areas of Change Questionnaire, 141–142 case example, 152–154 Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2), 140–141 current issues, 135–136 Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), 137–138 ENRICH, 145–146 Intimacy Needs Survey, 146–147 Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test, 136–137 Marital Disaffection Scale, 139–140 Marital Satisfaction Inventory— Revised (MSI-R), 142–144 Mature Age Transition Evaluation (MATE), 144–145 Premarital Adjustment and Relationship Evaluation Program (PREPARE), 144–145 protocol, 150–152 self-report measures, 136–144, 148–149t Sexual Desire Inventory, 147–150 Spousal Inventory of Desired Changes and Relationship Barriers (SIDCARB), 138–139 Couples prototypes MCMI-III, 73–78 antisocial female/antisocial-narcissistic male, 76–77 compulsive female/avoidant male, 74–75 dependent male/dependent female, 77 histrionic-narcissistic female/compulsive male, 76 narcissistic male/histrionic female, 73–74 narcissistic male/narcissistic female, 75–76 MMPI, 67–71 distant, calm, 70 husband-blaming, 68–69 nonclassifiable, 70–71 openly warring, 67–68 psychologically disordered, 69–70 unhappy, problem-focused, 68 CPTS-RI (Children’s PTSD-Reaction Index), 223–225, 240t C r e a t i v e a n d m e t a p h o r- b a s e d strategies, 52–54 Criterion-related validity, 10 Cronbach’s alpha, 9–10 CRPR (Child Rearing Practices Report), 193–194, 200t C RT E S (C h i l d ren ’s R e a c t i o n t o Traumatic Events Scale), 227, 241t CSCB (Sexual Behavior Inventory), 214–215, 238t CTPSC (Parent-Child Conflict Tactic Scale), 221–222, 239t CTS2 (Conflict Tactics Scales 2), 140–141, 149t Culture/ethnicity, 19–20 Custody assessment, 183–206, 198–200t Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC), 189–190, 198t B u r k s’ B e h a v i o r Ra t i n g S c a l e (BBRS), 192–193, 199t case example, 201–204 child abuse and, 237, 242 Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), 188–189, 198t Child Rearing Practices Report (CRPR), 193–194, 200t concluding comments, 204–205 issues and challenges, 184–185 RT6573_Index.fm Page 279 Thursday, June 3, 2004 2:56 PM INDEX Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI), 190–191, 199t Parental Bondin g In strume nt (PBI), 197, 200t Parental Nurturance Scale (PNS), 196, 200t Parent Awareness Skills Survey (PASS), 185–186, 198t Parent-Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI), 192, 199t Parent Stress Index (PSI), 181, 198t psychological tests in, 85–88 Relationship Conflict Inventory (RCI), 195–196, 200t State-Trait Expression Inventory (STAXI), 191–192, 199t Te a c h e r R e p o rt F o r m ( T R F ) , 194–195, 200t utilization strategy, 197, 201 279 DSM-IV, 6, 72, 121, 208–209 Dyad assessment, 22 Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), 121, 123–124, 130t, 137–138, 148t E Effectiveness, therapeutic, 120 Efficacy, therapeutic, 120 Efficiency, therapeutic, 120 Emotional climate, 104 ENRICH, 145–146, 148t Evaluation-intervention relationship, 254 Exception questions, 43 Exner’s Comprehensive System for the Rorschach, 78–80 D F Dependent male/dependent female prototype, 77 Depression in domestic violence, 211 measures, 228–230 B e c k D e p re s s i o n I n v e n t o r y (BDI-II), 228–229, 241t Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI), 229–230, 241t Diagnostic interviewing, 37–41, 57t case example, 40–41 with couples, 39–41 Discriminate validity, 11 Dissociation measures, Adolescent Dissociative Experiences Scale (ADES), 230–231, 241t Diversity, family, 18–19 D i v o rc e a s s e s s m e n t , – , 198–200t See also Custody assessment Domestic violence, 184, 207, 208 See also Child abuse assessment; Custody assessment FACES III (Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales), 165–166, 172t Face validity, 10 FAD (McMaster Family Assessment Device), 167–168, 173t, 270 Family defining, 14–16 healthy, 15 NIMH definition, 15–18 patterned relationships, 17 transactional patterns, 17 Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES-III), 165–166, 172t Family affect, 17–18, 100 Family assessment See Assessment Family composition, 16 Family context, 19 Family diversity and complexity, 18–19 Family functioning, 159–181, 172–173t RT6573_Index.fm Page 280 Thursday, June 3, 2004 2:56 PM 280 INDEX case example, 176–179 characteristics of, 16–19 conclusions, 179 factors influencing observations, 19–20 issues and challenges, 160–161 protocol, 175–176 self-report measures age 10 and over, 162–168 ages under 10, 168–171 B e a v e rs S e l f- R e p ort F a m il y Inventory (SFI), 166–167, 172t, 270 Family Adaptability and Cohesion Evaluation Scales (FACES-III), 165–166, 172t GARF Self-Assessment for Families, 163–165, 170, 172t Kinetic Family Drawing Test (KFD), 170–171, 173t McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD), 167–168, 173t, 270 SAFE Cartoons, 169 Systemic Assessment of the Family Environment (SAFE), 162–163, 172t subjective methods, 171–174 genogram, 171, 174 utilization strategy, 174–175 Family hierarchy, 36–37 Family organization, 18, 104 Family process, 16–17 Family Profile Form, 261 Family roles, 14–15, 99 Family structure, 36 Family therapy behavioral, experiential, strategic model, 34–37 structural model, 34 Flexibility, family and couple, 102 Format, instrument description, G GARF, 38, 102–106, 105t, 121–122, 127, 128t, 130t Self-Assessment for Families, 163–165, 170, 172t GARF DSM-IV taskforce, 266–267 Gender stereotypes, 74 Genogram, 47–52, 171, 174 case example, 50–51 Global Assessment of Relational Functioning See GARF Graphic methods, 47–52 genogram, 47–52 H Hierarchy, 36–37 HIPPA regulations, 175 Histrionic-narcissistic female/compulsive male prototype, 76 I Impact of Events Scale (IES), 226–227, 241t Instrument description format, Internal consistency, Inter-rater reliability, 10 Interventive interviewing, 41–45, 57t questions, 42–43 Interviewing Adult Attachment Inventory (AAI), 45–47, 57t diagnostic, 37–41, 57t interventive, 41–45, 57t Intimacy Needs Survey, 146–147, 148t Involvement affective, 100 symbiotic, 100 RT6573_Index.fm Page 281 Thursday, June 3, 2004 2:56 PM INDEX K Kinetic Family Drawing Test (KFD), 80–83, 82t, 83–85, 170–171, 173t Kuder-Richardson coefficient, 10 L Locke-Wallace Marital Adjustment Test, 136–137, 148t M MACI (Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory), 190–191, 199t Marital Disaffection Scale, 139–140, 149t Marital Satisfaction Inventory— Revised (MSI-R), 121, 124–125, 126–127, 128t, 130t, 142–144, 148t MASC (Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children), 231–232, 241t McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD), 167–168, 173t, 270 McMaster Model Clinical Rating Scale, 98–100, 105t, 270 MCMI-III (Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory), 71–78 process of couple analysis, 72–73 protocol, 83–85 prototypic relational patterns, 73–78 Medical model, 4–5 Metaphor-based strategies, 52–54 Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory (MACI), 190–191, 199t Millon’s personology theory, 252 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory See MMPI entries Miracle questions, 43–44 MMPI, 65 MMPI-2, 65–71, 82t 281 couples classification, 67–71 Family Problems Scale, 67 Marital Distress Scale, 67 protocol, 83–85 MSI-R (Marital Satisfaction Inventory-Revised), 121, 124–125, 126–127, 128t, 130t, 142–144, 148t Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children (MASC), 231–232, 241t N Narcissistic male/histrionic female prototype, 73–74 Narcissistic male/narcissistic female prototype, 75–76 Narrative questions, 44 Narrative therapies, National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN), 209, 258 NIMH definition of family, 15–18 O Observational assessment, 23–25, 34–37, 57t, 91–115, 105t Beavers Interactional Scales, 92–98, 270 case examples, 108–113 circumflex model clinical rating scale, 100–102, 105t dimensions of, 23–24 GARF, 102–106, 105t, 121–122, 127, 128t, 130t, 163–165, 172t limitations, 160–161 McMaster Model Clinical Rating Scale, 98–100, 270 protocol, 106–108 setting for, 24 OQ-45, 120 Organization, family, 18, 104 Outcomes measurement See Clinical outcomes measurement Outcomes monitoring, 119–120 RT6573_Index.fm Page 282 Thursday, June 3, 2004 2:56 PM 282 INDEX P Parental Alienation Syndrome, 184 Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), 197, 200t Parental Nurturance Scale (PNS), 196, 200t Parent Awareness Skills Su rvey (PASS), 185–186, 198t Parent-Child Conflict Tactic Scale (CTPSC), 221–222, 239t Parent-Child Relationship Inventory (PCRI), 192, 199t Parenting Stress Index (PSI), 181, 198t, 219–220, 239t PASS (Parent Awareness Skills Survey), 185–186, 198t Patterned relationships, 17 PBI (Parental Bonding Instrument), 197, 200t PCRI (Parent-Child Relationship Inventory), 192, 199t Pediatric Emotional Distress Scale (PEDS), 217–218, 238t Personality socialization, 256–259, 257–258t Personology theory of Millon, 252 Pleasure-pain polarity, 73 PNS (Parental Nurturance Scale), 196, 200t Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), 208–209, 209, 268 See also Child abuse assessment Premarital Adjustment and Relationship Evaluation Program (PREPARE), 144–145, 148t Pre-session change questions, 43 Priorities Grid, 259 Priorities Inventory, 259 Problem-centered systems therapy of the family, 100 Problems in Relationships Scale (PIRS), 259 Problem solving, 24, 99, 104 Process, family, 16–17 PSI (Parental Stress Index), 181, 198t, 219–220, 239t Psychological tests, 65–89, 82t See also individual tests case example, 85–88 K i n e t i c F a m i l y D r a w i n g Te s t (KFD), 80–83, 82t, 83–85 Millen Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III), 71–78, 82t MMPI-2, 65–71, 82t protocol, 83–85 Rorschach, 78–80, 82t Q Qualitative strategies, 33–63, 57t See also individual strategies case example, 56–60 creative and metaphor-based, 52–54 graphic methods, 47–52 interviewing, 37–47 observational, 34–37 protocol, 54–56 Questions circular, 42 coping, 44 exception, 43 miracle, 43–44 narrative, 44 pre-session change, 43 reflexive, 42–43 scaling, 44 solution-focused, 43–44 R Reflexive questions, 42–43 Relationship Conflict Inventory (RCI), 195–196, 200t Reliability, 8–10 inter-rater, 10 split-halves, test-retest, RT6573_Index.fm Page 283 Thursday, June 3, 2004 2:56 PM INDEX Role functioning, 99–100 Role performance, 14–15 Rorschach test, 78–80, 82t with families, 79–80 format, 78–79 protocol, 84–85 S SAFE (Systemic Assessment of Family Environment), 122–123, 130t, 162–163, 172t SAFE Cartoons, 169, 173t Scaling questions, 44 Self-other polarity, 73 Self-Other Profile Chart (SOPC), 259 Self-Report Family Inventory (SFI), 6, 121, 123, 130t, 166–167, 172t Self-report measures, 22–23 accuracy of, 20–21 limitations, 160 Setting behavior and, 24 for observation, 24 Sexual Desire Inventory, 147–150, 149t Sharing of Hurts Scale, 259 SIDCARB (Spousal Inventory of Desired Changes and Relationship Barriers), 138–139, 149t Simulated Family Activity Measurement (SIMFAM), 24 Solution-focused questions, 43–44 Split-halves reliability, Spousal Inventory of Desired Changes and Relationship Barriers (SIDCARB), 138–139, 149t State-Trait Expression Inventory (STAXI), 191–192, 199t Stepped-care movement, 269 Strategic model, of family therapy, 34–37 283 Structural model, of family therapy, 34 Subgroup assessment, 22 Substance abuse, 184 Successful Families: Assessment and Intervention (Hampson & Beavers), 92 Symbiotic involvement, 100 Symptom discontinuity (sleeper effect), 208 Systemic assessment, 159–181, 172–173t See also Family functioning Systemic Assessment of Family Environment (SAFE), 122–123, 130t, 162–163, 172t Systemic epistemology, 4–6 Systems theory, 253, 262 T Talk vs writing, 262 Te a c h e r R e p o r t F o r m ( T R F ) , 194–195, 200t Test-interventions connections, 259–261 Test-retest reliability, Theory-derived evaluation, 253 Theory-derived workbooks, 260–261 Theory-evaluation relationship, 252–254 Theory-independent evaluation, 253 Theory-related evaluation, 253 Therapeutic effectiveness, 120 Therapeutic efficacy, 120 Therapeutic efficiency, 120 Transactional assessment, 20–21 Transactional patterns, 17 Trauma Symptom Checklist for Children (TSCC), 222–223, 239t T R F ( Te a c h e r R e p o r t F o r m ) , 194–195, 200t Triad assessment, 22 RT6573_Index.fm Page 284 Thursday, June 3, 2004 2:56 PM 284 INDEX V W Validity, 8, 10–11 construct, 11 content, 11 convergent, 11 criterion-related, 10 discriminate, 11 face, 10 Workbooks, theory-derived, 260–261 Z Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET), 52–54, 57t Free ebooks ==> www.Ebook777.com www.Ebook777.com ... www.Ebook777.com Assessment of Couples and FAMILIES www.Ebook777.com RT6573_title page 6/8/04 12:39 PM Page C M Y CM MY CY CMY K Assessment of Couples and FAMILIES Contemporary and Cutting-Edge... xix PART I BASIC CONSIDERATIONS AND MODELS Assessment of Couples and Families: An Introduction and Overview Len Sperry Models and Issues in Couple and Family Assessment James H Bray 13 PART II... in Couple and Family Assessment Maureen Duffy and Ronald J Chenail 33 Effective Use of Psychological Tests with Couples and Families A Rodney Nurse and Len Sperry 65 Observational Assessment of