Cambridge grammar and vocabulary for advanced wordlist

The book covers all the vocabulary needed by students aiming for band 6.5 and above in the IELTS tests and provides students with practice of exam tasks from each paper. Cambridge Vocabulary for IELTS Advanced focuses on moving students to 6.5 and beyond by working on vocabularybuilding strategies necessary for success at advanced levels. It includes useful tips on how to approach IELTS exam tasks and covers especially tricky areas such as paraphrase and collocation. It is informed by the Cambridge English Corpus to ensure that the vocabulary is presented in genuine contexts and includes real learner errors. The Audio CD contains the listening and pronunciation exercises from each unit. The material is suitable for selfstudy or homework tasks, and may also be used in class with the teacher.

Unit 26

NOUNS

area /ˈeə.ri.ə/

belief /bɪˈliːf/

benefits /ˈben.ɪfɪts/

commuter /kəˈmjuː.tə/

construction

/kənˈstrʌk.ʃən/

consequences

/ˈkɒn.sɪ.kwənsɪz/

costs /kɒsts/

criminology

/ˌkrɪm.ɪˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/

demolition /ˌdem.əˈlɪʃ.ən/

developer /dɪˈvel.ə.pər/

development

/dɪˈvel.əp.mənt/

downside /ˈdaʊn.saɪd/

environment

/ɪnˈvaɪ.rən.mənt/

environmentalist

/ɪnˌvaɪ.rənˈmen.təl.ɪst/

estate /ɪˈsteɪt/

exhaust /ɪgˈzɔːst/

fumes /fjuːmz/

impact /ˈɪm.pækt/

installation /ˌɪn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/

metropolis /məˈtrɒp.əl.ɪs/

neighbourhood

/ˈneɪ.bə.hʊd/

outskirts /ˈaʊt.skɜːts/

pollution /pəˈluː.ʃən/

pollutant /pəˈluː.tənt/

psychology /saɪˈkɒl.ə.dʒi/

resident /ˈrez.ɪ.dənt/

residence /ˈrez.ɪ.dəns/

rush hour /ˈrʌʃ.aʊər/

sprawl /sprɔːl/

suburb /ˈsʌb.ɜːb/

surveillance /səˈveɪ.ləns/

system /ˈsɪs.təm/

VERBS

combat /ˈkɒm.bæt/

demolish /dɪˈmɒl.ɪʃ/

develop /dɪˈvel.əp/

explode /ɪkˈspləʊd/

include /ɪnˈkluːd/

install /ɪnˈstɔːl/

pollute /pəˈluːt/

prioritise /praɪˈɒr.ɪ.taɪz/

reside /rɪˈzaɪd/

signify /ˈsɪg.nɪ.faɪ/

sprawl /sprɔːl/

survey /ˈsɜː.veɪ/

ADJECTIVES

accessible /əkˈses.ə.bl/

affluent /ˈæf.lu.ənt/

affordable /əˈfɔː.də.bl/

bike-friendly /baɪk ˈfrend.li/

car-mad /kɑː mæd/

commercial /kəˈmɜː.ʃəl/

convenient /kənˈviː.ni.ənt/

crime-free /kraɪmˈfriː/

cultural /ˈkʌl.tʃər.əl/

demolished /dɪˈmɒl.ɪʃt/

developed /dɪˈvel.əpt/

environmental

/ɪnˌvaɪ.rən.ˈmen.təl/

explosive /ɪkˈspləʊ.sɪv/

gridlocked /ˈɡrɪd.lɒkt/

inclusive /ɪnˈkluː.sɪv/

incredible /ɪnˈkred.ɪ.bl/

integral /ˈɪn.tɪ.grəl/

major /ˈmeɪ.dʒər/

pet-friendly /ˌpetˈfrend.li/

polluted /pəˈluːtɪd/

psychological

/ˌsaɪ.kəlˈɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

remote /rɪˈməʊt/

residential /ˌrez.ɪˈden.ʃəl/

rural /ˈrʊə.rəl/

run-down /rʌnˈdaʊn/

significant /sɪgˈnɪf.ɪ.kənt/

sprawling /ˈsprɔː.lɪŋ/

undeveloped

/ˌʌn.dɪˈvel.əpt/

urban /ˈɜː.bən/

vibrant /ˈvaɪ.brənt/

work-mad /wɜːkˈmæd/

ADVERBS

densely /ˈdens.li/

obsessively /əbˈses.ɪvli/

seriously /ˈsɪə.ri.əs.li/

socially /ˈsəʊ.ʃəl.i/

surprisingly /səˈpraɪ.zɪŋ.li/

NOUN PHRASES

a significant drop in air pollution

an incredible range of

an integral part of

commuter belt crime levels crime rate exhaust fumes give and take hustle and bustle local residents negative consequences open spaces

peace and quiet pedestrian area public transport system pros and cons

psychological benefits rush-hour traffic surveillance system the cost of living tourist attraction traffic congestion traffic jam ups and downs urban sprawl

VERB PHRASES

be densely populated

be obsessed with sth

be steeped in history

be socially inclusive come into contact with sb/sth conduct a study

have little impact on hop on (a bus/train)

Unit 27

NOUNS

accumulation

/əˌkjuː.mjʊˈleɪ.ʃən/

accuracy /ˈæk.jʊ.rə.si/

ancestor /ˈæn.ses.tər/

ancestry /ˈæn.ses.tri/

appointment

/əˈpɔɪnt.mənt/

archive /ˈɑː.kaɪv/

autobiography

/ˌɔː.tə.baɪˈɒg.rə.fi/

branch /brɑːntʃ/

descendant /dɪˈsen.dənt/

descent /dɪˈsent/

embellishment

/ɪmˈbel.ɪʃ.mənt/

entry /ˈen.tri/

fact /fækt/

fragment /ˈfræg.mənt/

hurdle /ˈhɜː.dl/

multitude /ˈmʌl.tɪ.tjuːd/

mystery /ˈmɪs.tər.i/

myth /mɪθ/

note /nəʊt/

process /ˈprəʊ.ses/

record /rɪˈkɔːd/

reminiscence

/ˌrem.ɪˈnɪs.əns/

roots /ruːts/

scrap /skræp/

source /sɔːs/

trace /treɪs/

verification

/ˌver.ɪ.fɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

verifier /ˈver.ɪfaɪ.ə/

VERBS

accumulate

/əˈkjuː.mjʊ.leɪt/

conduct /kənˈdʌkt/

confront /kənˈfrʌnt/

consider /kənˈsɪd.ər/

dig /dɪg/

disclose /dɪˈskləʊz/

document /ˈdɒk.jʊ.mənt/

embellish /ɪmˈbel.ɪʃ/

expose /ɪkˈspəʊz/

formulate /ˈfɔː.mjʊ.leɪt/

hoard /hɔːd/

originate /əˈrɪdʒ.ɪ.neɪt/

overcome /ˌəʊ.vəˈkʌm/

reminisce /ˌrem.ɪˈnɪs/

unlock /ʌnˈlɒk/

verify /ˈver.ɪ.faɪ/

weigh /weɪ/

ADJECTIVES

accumulated

/əˈkjuː.mjəleɪ.tɪd/

accurate /ˈæk.jʊ.rət/

ancestral /ænˈses.trəl/

blank /blæŋk/

countless /ˈkaʊnt.ləs/

embellished /ɪmˈbel.ɪʃt/

genealogical

/ˌdʒiː.ni.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/

huge /hjuːdʒ/

inaccurate /ɪˈnæk.jʊ.rət/

numerous /ˈnjuː.mə.rəs/

precious /ˈpreʃ.əs/

Wordlist for vocabulary section

reminiscent /ˌrem.ɪˈnɪs.ənt/

valuable /ˈvæl.jʊ.bl/

verified /ˈver.ɪfaɪd/

verifiable /ˈver.ɪ.faɪ.ə.bl/

ADVERBS

eerily /ˈɪə.rɪ.li/

wildly /ˈwaɪld.li/

NOUN PHRASES

a multitude of

branch of your roots

criminal record

grain of truth

half-price entry

huge amounts of information

line of descent

long-buried secret

skeleton in the cupboard

world record

VERB PHRASES

accumulate information

be eerily reminiscent of sth

be wildly inaccurate

conduct an investigation

cover your tracks

dictate the course of

dig up dirt on sb

document facts

draw the line

expose secrets

gain entry

keep sb in the dark

muddy the waters

put together (from)

(say sth) off the record

sweep sth under the carpet

unlock a mystery

verify facts

weigh up (a decision)

work backwards

Unit 28

NOUNS

audition /ɔːˈdɪʃ.ən/

artefact /ˈɑː.tɪ.fækt/

audience /ˈɔː.di.əns/

back-catalogue

/bæk ˈkæt.əl.ɒg/

blockbuster /ˈblɒkˌbʌs.tər/

capacity /kəˈpæs.ə.ti/

cast /kɑːst/

celebrity /sɪˈleb.rɪ.ti/

chaos /ˈkeɪ.ɒs/

character /ˈkær.ɪk.tə/

comedy /ˈkɒm.ə.di/

comic /ˈkɒm.ɪk/

beat /biːt/

euphoria /juːˈfɔː.ri.ə/

exhibition /ˌek.sɪˈbɪʃ.ən/

exhilaration

/ɪgˌzɪl.əˈreɪ.ʃən/

festival /ˈfes.tɪ.vəl/

genius /ˈdʒiː.ni.əs/

gig /gɪg/

installation /ˌɪn.stəˈleɪ.ʃən/

intimacy /ˈɪn.tɪ.mə.si/

irony /ˈaɪ.rə.ni/

lines /laɪnz/

jewellery /ˈdʒuː.əl.ri/

melancholy /ˈmel.əŋ.kɒl.i/

melody /ˈmel.ə.di/

multiplex /ˈmʌl.tɪ.pleks/

narrative /ˈnær.ə.tɪv/

novelist /ˈnɒv.əl.ɪst/

orchestra /ˈɔː.kɪ.strə/

part /pɑːt/

portrait /ˈpɔː.trət/

premiere /ˈprem.i.eə/

replica /ˈrep.lɪ.kə/

review /rɪˈvjuː/

routine /ruːˈtiːn/

sculptor /ˈskʌlp.tə/

sculpture /ˈskʌlp.tʃə/

soloist /ˈsəʊ.ləʊ.ɪst/

stand-up /ˈstænd.ʌp/

stitches /stɪtʃɪz/

venue /ˈven.juː/

vocals /ˈvəʊkəlz/

VERBS

attend /əˈtend/

appreciate /əˈpriː.ʃi.eɪt/

book /bʊk/

compose /kəmˈpəʊz/

conduct /kənˈdʌkt/

exhibit /ɪgˈzɪb.ɪt/

headline /ˈhed.laɪn/

perform /pəˈfɔːm/

review /rɪˈvjuː/

tour /tʊə/

ADJECTIVES

abrasive /əˈbreɪ.sɪv/

academic /ˌæk.əˈdem.ɪk/

bizarre /bɪˈzɑː/

bland /blænd/

boisterous /ˈbɔɪ.stər.əs/

challenging /ˈtʃæl.ɪn.dʒɪŋ/

chaotic /keɪˈɒt.ɪk/

classic /ˈklæs.ɪk/

classical /ˈklæs.ɪ.kəl/

contemporary

/kənˈtem.pər.ər.i/

cramped /kræmpt/

dated /ˈdeɪ.tɪd/

devoted /dɪˈvəʊ.tɪd/

eclectic /ɪˈklek.tɪk/

edgy /ˈedʒ.i/

emotional /ɪˈməʊ.ʃən.əl/

euphoric /juːˈfɒr.ɪk/

exhilarating /ɪgˈzɪl.ə.reɪ.tɪŋ/

historic /hɪˈstɒr.ɪk/

historical /hɪˈstɒr.ɪ.kəl/

insistent /ɪnˈsɪs.tənt/

intimate /ˈɪn.tɪ.mət/

legendary /ˈledʒ.ən.dri/

melancholic /ˌmel.əŋˈkɒl.ɪk/

melodic /məˈlɒd.ɪk/

melodramatic

/ˌmel.ə.drəˈmæt.ɪk/

memorable /ˈmem.ər.ə.bl/

outdoor /ˈaʊtˌdɔː/

prestigious /presˈtɪdʒ.əs/

provincial /prəˈvɪn.ʃəl/

raucous /ˈrɔː.kəs/

repetitive /rɪˈpet.ə.tɪv/

scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪf.ɪk/

star-studded /ˈstɑːˌstʌd.ɪd/

subtle /ˈsʌt.əl/

surgical /ˈsɜː.dʒɪ.kəl/

syrupy /ˈsɪr.əp.i/

televised /ˈtel.ɪ.vaɪzd/

understated

/ˌʌn.dəˈsteɪ.tɪd/

unimpressive

/ˌʌn.ɪmˈpres.ɪv/

weak /wiːk/

NOUN PHRASES

a devoted following

a hint of irony academic performance ballet company capacity audience concert hall comedy club great fan of live music event medical instrument multiplex cinema open-air stadium

provincial theatre public art gallery scientific instrument surgical instrument

VERB PHRASES

appear on stage appreciate art

be the right word book a venue conduct an orchestra fill a venue

go on stage have sb in stitches headline a venue lead an orchestra learn by rote produce a film shoot a film take to the stage write music

Unit 29

NOUNS

expatriate /ekˈspæt.ri.ət/

homesickness

/ˈhəʊm.sɪknɪs/

illegality /ˌɪl.iːˈgæl.ɪ.ti/

immigrant /ˈɪm.ɪ.grənt/

legality /liːˈgæl.ə.ti/

legalisation

/ˌliː.ɡəl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

migrant /ˈmaɪ.grənt/

pastures /ˈpɑːs.tʃəz/

persecution

/ˌpɜː.sɪˈkjuː.ʃən/

persecutor /ˈpɜː.sɪ.kjuː.tə/

settler /ˈset.lə/

smuggler /ˈsmʌg.lə/

smuggling /ˈsmʌɡlɪŋ/

specialism /ˈspeʃ.əl.ɪ.zəm/

specialisation

/ˌspeʃ.əl.aɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

specialist /ˈspeʃ.əl.ɪst/

surroundings /səˈraʊn.dɪŋz/

VERBS

embed /ɪmˈbed/

embitter /ɪmˈbɪt.ə/

embody /ɪmˈbɒd.i/

empower /ɪmˈpaʊə/

enable /ɪˈneɪ.bl/

encase /ɪnˈkeɪs/

encircle /ɪnˈsɜː.kl/

enclose /ɪnˈkləʊz/

endanger /ɪnˈdeɪn.dʒər/

engulf /ɪnˈgʌlf/

enlarge /ɪnˈlɑːdʒ/

enliven /ɪnˈlaɪ.vən/

enrich /ɪnˈrɪtʃ/

grieve /griːv/

legalise /ˈliː.ɡəl.aɪz/

migrate /maɪˈgreɪt/

overstay /ˌəʊ.vəˈsteɪ/

persecute /ˈpɜː.sɪ.kjuːt/

pine /paɪn/

settle /ˈset.l/

smuggle /ˈsmʌg.l/

specialise /ˈspeʃ.əl.aɪz/

ADJECTIVES

beaten /ˈbiː.tən/

close-knit /ˌkləʊsˈnɪt/

desperate /ˈdes.pər.ət/

endangered /ɪnˈdeɪn.dʒəd/

familiar /fəˈmɪl.i.ə/

homesick /ˈhəʊm.sɪk/

illegal /ɪˈliː.gəl/

insecure /ˌɪn.sɪˈkjʊə/

legal /ˈliː.gəl/

multicoloured

/ˌmʌl.tiˈkʌl.əd/

multicultural

/ˌmʌl.tiˈkʌl.tʃər.əl/

multifunctional

/ˌmʌl.tiˈfʌŋk.ʃən.əl/

multilingual

/ˌmʌl.tiˈlɪŋ.gwəl/

multinational

/ˌmʌl.tiˈnæʃ.ən.əl/

persecuted /ˈpɜː.sɪkjuː.tɪd/

smuggled /ˈsmʌɡəld/

specialised /ˈspeʃ.əl.aɪzd/

specialist /ˈspeʃ.əl.ɪst/

NOUN PHRASES

asylum seeker

contract worker

illegal immigrant

multinational corporation

seasonal employee

sense of belonging

sense of duty

sense of humour

sense of loss

sense of responsibility

sense of urgency

VERB PHRASES

be off the menu

do sth like a shot dream of pastures new find your feet

go off the beaten track pine for sth/sb pull a rug out from under sb things are looking up your heart is in (a place)

Unit 30

NOUNS

adolescence /ˌæd.əˈles.əns/

adolescent /ˌæd.əˈles.ənt/

bungee /ˈbʌn.dʒi/

buzz /bʌz/

characteristic

/ˌkær.ɪk.təˈrɪs.tɪk/

consequences

/ˈkɒnt.sɪ.kwəntsɪz/

exertion /ɪgˈzɜː.ʃən/

expert /ˈek.spɜːt/

hazard /ˈhæz.əd/

hype /haɪp/

individual /ˌɪn.dɪˈvɪd.ju.əl/

kick /kɪk/

level /ˈlev.əl/

measures /ˈmeʒəz/

onset /ˈɒn.set/

outcome /ˈaʊt.kʌm/

participant /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.pənt/

precautions /prɪˈkɔː.ʃənz/

reaction /riˈæk.ʃən/

representative

/ˌrep.rɪˈzen.tə.tɪv/

response /rɪˈspɒns/

results /rɪˈzʌlts/

risk /rɪsk/

sample /ˈsɑːm.pl/

scuba /ˈskuː.bə/

teen /tiːn/

thrill /θrɪl/

youth /juːθ/

VERBS

analyse /ˈæn.əl.aɪz/

anticipate /ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/

avoid /əˈvɔɪd/

determine /dɪˈtɜː.mɪn/

display /dɪˈspleɪ/

engage /ɪnˈgeɪdʒ/

evaluate /ɪˈvæl.ju.eɪt/

foresee /fəˈsiː/

induce /ɪnˈdjuːs/

release /rɪˈliːs/

predict /prɪˈdɪkt/

slip /slɪp/

stumble /ˈstʌm.bl/

trip /trɪp/

ADJECTIVES

associated /əˈsəʊ.si.eɪ.tɪd/

content /kənˈtent/

competent /ˈkɒm.pɪ.tənt/

exaggerated

/ɪɡˈzædʒ.əreɪ.tɪd/

frustrated /frʌsˈtreɪ.tɪd/

harmful /ˈhɑːm.fəl/

hazardous /ˈhæz.ə.dəs/

physical /ˈfɪz.ɪ.kəl/

reasonable /ˈriː.zən.ə.bl/

recreational

/ˌrek.riˈeɪ.ʃən.əl/

responsible /rɪˈspɒn.sɪ.bl/

risky /ˈrɪs.ki/

serious /ˈsɪə.ri.əs/

satisfied /ˈsæt.ɪs.faɪd/

tentative /ˈten.tə.tɪv/

ADVERBS

potentially /pəˈten.ʃəl.i/

NOUN PHRASES

bungee jumping control measure dangerous driving hang-gliding ice climbing individual sport lucky escape marketing hype physical exertion potholing reasonable precautions recreational activity safety expert scuba diving skydiving tentative link white-water rafting windsurfing

VERB PHRASES

do further research engage in sth evaluate outcomes live forever

have a lucky escape make a choice make a decision make a difference make an effort make progress make sure make use of take action take advice take care take a chance take a decision take effect take exercise take part in sth take precautions take responsibility take risks take steps to do sth

Unit 31

NOUNS

aggression /əˈgreʃ.ən/

arrogance /ˈær.ə.gəns/

attractiveness

/əˈtræk.tɪvnɪs/

attraction /əˈtræk.ʃən/

attendant /əˈten.dənt/

bias /ˈbaɪ.əs/

capability /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

category /ˈkæt.ə.gri/

colleague /ˈkɒl.iːg/

comedian /kəˈmiː.di.ən/

comedienne /kəˌmiː.diˈen/

competitiveness

/kəmˈpetɪtɪvnəs/

competition

/ˌkɒm.pəˈtɪʃ.ən/

connotations

/ˌkɒn.əʊˈteɪ.ʃənz/

contribution

/ˌkɒn.trɪˈbjuː.ʃən/

contributor

/kənˈtrɪb.jʊ.tə/

disadvantage

/ˌdɪs.ədˈvɑːn.tɪdʒ/

discrimination

/dɪˌskrɪm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

drive /draɪv/

equality /ɪˈkwɒl.ɪ.ti/

evidence /ˈev.ɪ.dəns/

flexibility /ˌflek.sɪˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

forefathers /ˈfɔːˌfɑː.ðəz/

gender /ˈdʒen.dər/

gift /gɪft/

gracefulness /ˈɡreɪs.fəlnɪs/

grace /greɪs/

humanity /hjuːˈmæn.ə.ti/

humankind

/ˌhjuː.mənˈkaɪnd/

involvement /ɪnˈvɒlv.mənt/

leadership /ˈliː.də.ʃɪp/

mankind /mænˈkaɪnd/

midwife /ˈmɪd.waɪf/

partner /ˈpɑːt.nər/

passivity /pæsˈɪv.ɪ.ti/

perpetuation

/pəˌpetʃ.uˈeɪ.ʃən/

power /paʊər/

purity /ˈpjʊə.rɪ.ti/

predecessor /ˈpriː.dɪˌses.ər/

responsibility

/rɪˌspɒn.sɪˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

sibling /ˈsɪb.lɪŋ/

spouse /spaʊs/

stereotype /ˈster.i.ə.taɪp/

stewardess /ˈstjuː.ə.dɪs/

subconscious /ˌsʌbˈkɒn.ʃəs/

submissiveness

/səbˈmɪs.ɪvnɪs/

submission /səbˈmɪʃ.ən/

synthetic /sɪnˈθet.ɪk/

VERBS

categorise /ˈkæt.ə.ɡər.aɪz/

clarify /ˈklær.ɪ.faɪ/

complete /kəmˈpliːt/

consider /kənˈsɪd.ə/

contribute /kənˈtrɪb.juːt/

deem /diːm/

discriminate

/dɪˈskrɪm.ɪ.neɪt/

involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/

marginalise

/ˈmɑː.dʒɪ.nəl.aɪz/

overt /əʊˈvɜːt/

participate /pɑːˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/

perpetuate /pəˈpetʃ.u.eɪt/

pursue /pəˈsjuː/

specify /ˈspes.ɪ.faɪ/

strengthen /ˈstreŋ.θən/

ADJECTIVES

adequate /ˈæd.ə.kwət/

aggressive /əˈgres.ɪv/

arrogant /ˈær.ə.gənt/

attractive /əˈtræk.tɪv/

biased /ˈbaɪ.əst/

competitive /kəmˈpet.ɪ.tɪv/

concerned /kənˈsɜːnd/

contributory

/kənˈtrɪb.jʊ.tər.i/

derogatory /dɪˈrɒg.ə.tər.i/

discriminatory

/dɪˈskrɪm.ɪ.nə.tər.i/

dominated /ˈdɒm.ɪneɪ.tɪd/

driven /ˈdrɪv.ən/

equal /ˈiː.kwəl/

flexible /ˈflek.sɪ.bl/

fundamental

/ˌfʌn.dəˈmen.təl/

gifted /ˈgɪf.tɪd/

graceful /ˈgreɪs.fəl/

historical /hɪˈstɒr.ɪ.kəl/

inadequate /ɪˈnæd.ɪ.kwət/

inclusive /ɪnˈkluː.sɪv/

involved /ɪnˈvɒlvd/

man-made /ˌmænˈmeɪd/

marginal /ˈmɑː.dʒɪ.nəl/

muscular /ˈmʌs.kjʊ.lər/

neutral /ˈnjuː.trəl/

passive /ˈpæs.ɪv/

perpetual /pəˈpetʃ.u.əl/

powerful /ˈpaʊə.fəl/

pure /pjʊə/

rooted /ruːtɪd/

sexist /ˈsek.sɪst/

shocking /ˈʃɒk.ɪŋ/

submissive /səbˈmɪs.ɪv/

underpaid /ˌʌndəˈpeɪd/

voluntary /ˈvɒl.ən.tər.i/

ADVERBS

involuntarily

/ɪnˈvɒl.ən.tərɪ.li/

mainly /ˈmeɪn.li/

predominantly

/prɪˈdɒm.ɪ.nənt.li/

subconsciously

/sʌbˈkɒn.tʃəs.li/

NOUN PHRASES

flight attendant fundamental beliefs future life chances historical disadvantage mature adult

VERB PHRASES

be concerned about sth

be deeply rooted in the subconscious

be treated as contribute to

do sth in a derogatory way have an enormous impact

on sth impose restrictions on sth make inroads

pay attention to stand by stand for stand in for sb stand out stand up for take responsibility for yourself

Unit 32

NOUNS

academy /əˈkæd.ə.mi/

apprenticeship

/əˈpren.tɪs.ʃɪp/

boarding /ˈbɔː.dɪŋ/

capability /ˌkeɪ.pəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

capacity /kəˈpæs.ə.ti/

charity /ˈtʃær.ɪ.ti/

educator /ˈed.jʊ.keɪ.tə/

establishment

/ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ.mənt/

faith /feɪθ/

funds /fʌndz/

graduation

/ˌgrædʒ.uˈeɪ.ʃən/

graduate /ˈgrædʒ.u.ət/

induction /ɪnˈdʌk.ʃən/

influence /ˈɪn.flu.əns/

innovation /ˌɪn.əˈveɪ.ʃən/

innovator /ˈɪnəveɪtə/

insight /ˈɪn.saɪt/

lecture /ˈlek.tʃə/

method /ˈmeθ.əd/

motivation

/ˌməʊ.tɪˈveɪ.ʃən/

motivator /ˈməʊtɪveɪtə/

nursery /ˈnɜː.sər.i/

objective /əbˈdʒek.tɪv/

opportunity

/ˌɒp.əˈtjuː.nə.ti/

pre-school /ˈpriː.skuːl/

pioneer /ˌpaɪəˈnɪə/

position /pəˈzɪʃ.ən/

potential /pəˈten.ʃəl/

release /rɪˈliːs/

realisation /ˌrɪə.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

researcher /rɪˈsɜːtʃ.ə/

special needs

/ˈspeʃ.əl niːdz/

team building

/tiːm ˈbɪl.dɪŋ/

technical /ˈtek.nɪ.kəl/

workshop /ˈwɜːk.ʃɒp/

VERBS

achieve /əˈtʃiːv/

educate /ˈed.jʊ.keɪt/

enable /ɪˈneɪ.bl/

establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/

foster /ˈfɒs.tə/

graduate /ˈgrædʒ.u.ət/

influence /ˈɪn.flu.əns/

innovate /ˈɪn.ə.veɪt/

motivate /ˈməʊ.tɪ.veɪt/

raise /reɪz/

ADJECTIVES

child-centred

/ˈtʃaɪldˌsen.təd/

disadvantaged

/ˌdɪs.ədˈvɑːn.tɪdʒd/

educated /ˈed.jʊ.keɪ.tɪd/

educational

/ˌed.jʊˈkeɪ.ʃən.əl/

electrical /ɪˈlek.trɪ.kəl/

established /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃt/

fundamental

/ˌfʌn.dəˈmen.təl/

hands-on /ˌhænd.ˈzɒn/

holistic /həˈlɪs.tɪk/

innovative /ˈɪn.ə.və.tɪv/

influential /ˌɪn.fluˈen.ʃəl/

interactive /ˌɪn.təˈræk.tɪv/

mainstream /ˈmeɪn.striːm/

motivated /ˈməʊ.tɪˌveɪ.tɪd/

motivational

/ˌməʊ.tɪˈveɪ.ʃən.əl/

motivating /ˈməʊtɪveɪtɪŋ/

practical /ˈpræk.tɪ.kəl/

self-motivated

/self ˈməʊ.tɪˌveɪ.tɪd/

technical /ˈtek.nɪ.kəl/

traditional /trəˈdɪʃ.ən.əl/

ADVERBS

firmly /ˈfɜːm.li/

highly /ˈhaɪ.li/

increasingly /ɪnˈkriː.sɪŋ.li/

newly /ˈnjuː.li/

politically /pəˈlɪt.ɪ.kli/

poorly /ˈpɔː.li/

strongly /ˈstrɒŋ.li/

NOUN PHRASES

children with special needs

boarding school

day release

development opportunity

distance-learning course

early years

faith school

fee-paying school

further education

hands-on experience

higher education

local state school

independent school

primary school

secondary school

special needs

teaching method

team-building day

technical college

training plans

VERB PHRASES

apply for a course

be firmly established

be fundamental to sth

be highly educated

be highly influential

be increasingly influential

be newly established

be politically motivated

be poorly educated

be strongly motivated

graduate from university

give insight into sth

have a (good) influence on sb

have a love of sth

have a positive image of

yourself

learn by doing sth

raise funds for charity

Unit 33

NOUNS

appetite /ˈæp.ɪ.taɪt/

calories /ˈkæl.ər.iz/

cancer /ˈkæn.sə/

catastrophe /kəˈtæs.trə.fi/

dementia /dɪˈmen.ʃə/

depression /dɪˈpreʃ.ən/

disease /dɪˈziːz/

epidemic /ˌep.ɪˈdem.ɪk/

fluid /ˈfluː.ɪd/

healthcare /ˈhelθ.keə/

hygiene /ˈhaɪ.dʒiːn/

immunisation

/ˌɪm.jə.naɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

immunity /ɪˈmjuː.nɪ.ti/

influenza /ˌɪn.fluˈen.zə/

infection /ɪnˈfek.ʃən/

injury /ˈɪn.dʒər.i/

intake /ˈɪn.teɪk/

malnutrition

/ˌmæl.njuːˈtrɪ.ʃən/

medication /ˌmed.ɪˈkeɪ.ʃən/

medicine /ˈmed.ɪ.sən/

metabolism

/məˈtæb.əl.ɪ.zəm/

misconduct

/ˌmɪsˈkɒn.dʌkt/

misdiagnosis

/ˌmɪs.daɪ.əɡˈnəʊ.sɪs/

misfortune /ˌmɪsˈfɔː.tʃuːn/

misinformation

/ˌmɪs.ɪn.fəˈmeɪ.ʃən/

mismanagement

/ˌmɪsˈmænɪdʒmənt/

misrepresentation

/ˌmɪs.rep.rɪ.zenˈteɪ.ʃən/

obesity /əʊˈbiː.sə.ti/

pandemic /pænˈdem.ɪk/

prevention /prɪˈven.ʃən/

suppressant /səˈpres.ənt/

starvation /stɑːˈveɪ.ʃən/

toll /təʊl/

treatment /ˈtriːt.mənt/

VERBS

cope /kəʊp/

contract /ˈkɒn.trækt/

detoxify /diːˈtɒk.sɪ.faɪ/

immunise /ˈɪm.jə.naɪz/

infect /ɪnˈfekt/

medicate /ˈmed.ɪ.keɪt/

prevent /prɪˈvent/

spread /spred/

transmit /trænzˈmɪt/

treat /triːt/

ADJECTIVES

acute /əˈkjuːt/

contagious /kənˈteɪ.dʒəs/

critical /ˈkrɪt.ɪ.kəl/

dehydrated

/ˌdiː.haɪˈdreɪ.tɪd/

elderly /ˈel.dəl.i/

essential /ɪˈsen.ʃəl/

immune /ɪˈmjuːn/

infectious /ɪnˈfek.ʃəs/

infected /ɪnˈfek.tɪd/

insufficient /ˌɪn.səˈfɪʃ.ənt/

medical /ˈmed.ɪ.kəl/

medicated /ˈmed.ɪ.keɪ.tɪd/

metabolic /ˌmet.əˈbɒl.ɪk/

preventable /prɪˈven.tə.bl/

preventative

/prɪˈven.tə.tɪv/

prone /prəʊn/

treatable /ˈtriː.tə.bəl/

untreated /ʌnˈtriː.tɪd/

vital /ˈvaɪ.təl/

waterborne /ˈwɔː.tə.bɔːn/

ADVERBS

substantially

/səbˈstæn.ʃəl.i/

NOUN PHRASES

a balanced diet access to healthcare appetite suppressant death toll

energy intake heart disease medical advance metabolic rate professional misconduct rate at which you do sth regular exercise respiratory system the elderly waterborne disease

VERB PHRASES

be a vital part of sth

be essential to sth

be on a diet

be prone to

be run down burn calories lose weight play an important role sweep the globe

Unit 34

NOUNS

altitude /ˈæl.tɪ.tjuːd/

authority /ɔːˈθɒr.ɪ.ti/

awareness /əˈweə.nəs/

cabin /ˈkæb.ɪn/

comeback /ˈkʌm.bæk/

dinghy /ˈdɪŋ.gi/

fraction /ˈfræk.ʃən/

income /ˈɪn.kʌm/

increase /ɪnˈkriːs/

journey /ˈdʒɜː.ni/

network /ˈnet.wɜːk/

pavement /ˈpeɪv.mənt/

rent /rent/

runway /ˈrʌn.weɪ/

theft /θeft/

vehicle /ˈviː.ɪ.kl/

VERBS

hail /heɪl/

opt /ɒpt/

pedal /ˈped.əl/

rent /rent/

relinquish /rɪˈlɪŋ.kwɪʃ/

row /rəʊ/

ADJECTIVES

conventional

/kənˈven.ʃən.əl/

confined /kənˈfaɪnd/

costly /ˈkɒst.li/

clean-running /kliːn ˈrʌn.ɪŋ/

dramatic /drəˈmæt.ɪk/

eco-friendly

/ˈiː.kəʊˌfrend.li/

extensive /ɪkˈsten.sɪv/

finite /ˈfaɪ.naɪt/

incompatible

/ˌɪn.kəmˈpæt.ɪ.bl/

inflatable /ɪnˈfleɪ.tə.bl/

leaky /ˈliː.ki/

miniature /ˈmɪn.ɪ.tʃə/

packed /pækt/

potential /pəˈten.ʃəl/

preposterous

/prɪˈpɒs.tər.əs/

realistic /ˌrɪəˈlɪs.tɪk/

timetabled /ˈtaɪmˌteɪ.bəld/

unrealistic /ˌʌn.rɪəˈlɪs.tɪk/

NOUN PHRASES

a dramatic increase

a fraction of

a heavy fine

a means of

a realistic prospect black cab

carbon emissions commuter train cargo ship

energy consumption

finite resource

folding bicycle

fossil fuel

inflatable dinghy

key advantage

local authority

pedestrian zone

private car

returnable deposit

roll-on, roll-off ferry

row a dinghy

sightseeing bus

speed awareness

top speed

traffic lane

VERB PHRASES

be a costly business

be an alternative to

be confined to

be fitted with

be incompatible with

be on a low income

board a train

book a cabin

drive / travel at speeds of

(up to)

get around

get away with doing sth

get by

get out of doing sth

get round to doing sth

hail a cab

make a comeback

pop out to (a place)

undergo training in sth

Unit 35

NOUNS

anger /ˈæŋ.gə/

anxiety /æŋˈzaɪ.ə.ti/

apprehension

/ˌæp.rɪˈhen.ʃən/

attitude /ˈæt.ɪ.tjuːd/

authority /ɔːˈθɒr.ɪ.ti/

bully /ˈbʊl.i/

confrontation

/ˌkɒn.frʌnˈteɪ.ʃən/

calm /kɑːm/

contentment

/kənˈtent.mənt/

dreamer /ˈdriː.mə/

fury /ˈfjʊə.ri/

misery /ˈmɪz.ər.i/

optimism /ˈɒp.tɪ.mɪ.zəm/

optimist /ˈɒp.tɪ.mɪst/

patience /ˈpeɪ.ʃəns/

positivity /ˌpɒz.ə.ˈtɪv.ɪ.ti/

relaxation /ˌriː.lækˈseɪ.ʃən/

sieve /sɪv/

VERBS

confront /kənˈfrʌnt/

frown /fraʊn/

groan /grəʊn/

honour /ˈɒn.ə/

infuriate /ɪnˈfjʊə.ri.eɪt/

narrow /ˈnær.əʊ/

trigger /ˈtrɪg.ər/

recall /rɪˈkɔːl/

repress /rɪˈpres/

retain /rɪˈteɪn/

relive /ˌriːˈlɪv/

sail /seɪl/

stammer /ˈstæm.ə/

tremble /ˈtrem.bl/

twist /twɪst/

wrinkle /ˈrɪŋ.kl/

ADJECTIVES

apprehensive

/ˌæp.rɪˈhen.sɪv/

anxious /ˈæŋk.ʃəs/

astonishing /əˈstɒn.ɪ.ʃɪŋ/

calm /kɑːm/

confrontational

/ˌkɒn.frʌnˈteɪ.ʃən.əl/

contented /kənˈten.tɪd/

dejected /dɪˈdʒek.tɪd/

devastated /ˈdev.ə.steɪ.tɪd/

devastating /ˈdev.ə.steɪ.tɪŋ/

excruciating

/ɪkˈskruː.ʃi.eɪ.tɪŋ/

fascinating /ˈfæs.ɪ.neɪ.tɪŋ/

furious /ˈfjʊə.ri.əs/

hideous /ˈhɪd.i.əs/

laid-back /ˌleɪdˈbæk/

ludicrous /ˈluː.dɪ.krəs/

memorable /ˈmem.ər.ə.bl/

miserable /ˈmɪz.ər.ə.bl/

nervous /ˈnɜː.vəs/

optimistic /ˌɒp.tɪˈmɪs.tɪk/

patient /ˈpeɪ.ʃənt/

petrifying /ˈpet.rɪfaɪ.ɪŋ/

positive /ˈpɒz.ə.tɪv/

ravenous /ˈræv.ən.əs/

relaxed /rɪˈlækst/

superb /suːˈpɜːb/

tearful /ˈtɪə.fəl/

terrific /təˈrɪf.ɪk/

tragic /ˈtrædʒ.ɪk/

traumatic /trɔːˈmæt.ɪk/

treasured /ˈtreʒəd/

upbeat /ʌpˈbiːt/

upset /ʌpˈset/

uptight /ˌʌpˈtaɪt/

vague /veɪg/

ADVERBS

absolutely /ˌæb.səˈluːt.li/

bitterly /ˈbɪt.ə.li/

completely /kəmˈpliːt.li/

endlessly /ˈend.ləsli/

extraordinarily

/ɪkˈstrɔː.dɪn.ər.əl.i/

faintly /ˈfeɪnt.li/

hopelessly /ˈhəʊp.ləs.li/

incredibly /ɪnˈkred.ɪ.bli/

indefinitely /ɪnˈdef.ɪ.nət.li/

literally /ˈlɪt.ər.əl.i/

mildly /ˈmaɪld.li/

obviously /ˈɒb.vi.əs.li/

outwardly /ˈaʊtwədli/

particularly /pəˈtɪk.jʊ.lə.li/

thoroughly /ˈθʌr.ə.li/

totally /ˈtəʊ.təl.i/

utterly /ˈʌt.əl.i/

NOUN PHRASES

a bitter memory

a childhood memory

an early memory long-term memory

a photographic memory

a mind like a sieve short-term memory

a traumatic memory

a treasured memory

VERB PHRASES

be bitterly disappointing/

disappointed

be endlessly fascinating

be faintly ludicrous

be hopelessly optimistic

be in a mood

be mildly painful

be particularly good

be put off by sth

be thoroughly miserable

be up and down bite your nails

bring back a memory calm down

deal with bullies demand an apology fly off the handle frown deeply

go in one ear and out the other

go wrong have a can-do attitude have a (good) memory for have an attitude problem have mood swings have sth on your mind have your head in the clouds honour the memory of sb jog sb’s memory

lighten up look outwardly calm narrow your eyes not be in the mood not feel like doing sth not have a care in the world repress a memory

relive a memory sail through life

Unit 36

NOUNS

academia /ˌæk.əˈdiː.mi.ə/

accomplishment

/əˈkʌm.plɪʃ.mənt/

addict /ˈæd.ɪkt/

addiction /əˈdɪk.ʃən/

attention /əˈten.ʃən/

benefit /ˈben.ɪ.fɪt/

celebrity /sɪˈleb.rɪ.ti/

compensation

/ˌkɒm.penˈseɪ.ʃən/

consultancy /kənˈsʌl.tən.si/

coverage /ˈkʌv.ər.ɪdʒ/

credibility /ˌkred.əˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

devotion /dɪˈvəʊ.ʃən/

drama /ˈdrɑː.mə/

dramatist /ˈdræm.ə.tɪst/

embarrassment

/ɪmˈbær.əs.mənt/

empire /ˈem.paɪə/

endorsements

/ɪnˈdɔːsmənts/

genre /ˈʒɑ̃ː.rə/

entitlement /ɪnˈtaɪ.tl.mənt/

envy /ˈen.vi/

esteem /ɪˈstiːm/

exposure /ɪkˈspəʊ.ʒə/

fame /feɪm/

fantasist /ˈfæn.tə.sɪst/

fantasy /ˈfæn.tə.si/

fee /fiː/

gift /gɪft/

gossip /ˈgɒs.ɪp/

dramatisation

/ˌdræm.ə.taɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/

infatuation

/ɪnˌfæt.juˈeɪ.ʃən/

jealousy /ˈdʒel.ə.si/

legend /ˈledʒ.ənd/

lifestyle /ˈlaɪf.staɪl/

manipulation

/məˌnɪp.jʊˈleɪ.ʃən/

manipulator

/məˈnɪp.jʊ.leɪ.tə/

media /ˈmiː.di.ə/

non-believer /ˌnɒn.bɪˈliː.və/

non-fiction /ˌnɒnˈfɪk.ʃən/

non-smoker /ˌnɒnˈsməʊ.kə/

non-starter /ˌnɒnˈstɑː.tə/

non-swimmer

/ˌnɒnˈswɪm.ə/

novel /ˈnɒv.əl/

obsession /əbˈseʃ.ən/

paparazzi /ˌpæp.ərˈæt.si/

perk /pɜːk/

personality

/ˌpɜː.sənˈæl.ə.ti/

popularity /ˌpɒp.jʊˈlær.ə.ti/

programme /ˈprəʊ.græm/

prosperity /prɒsˈper.ɪ.ti/

reality /riˈæl.ɪ.ti/

recognition /ˌrek.əgˈnɪʃ.ən/

respect /rɪˈspekt/

reward /rɪˈwɔːd/

royalty /ˈrɔɪ.əl.ti/

sector /ˈsek.tə/

showbiz /ˈʃəʊ.bɪz/

skill /skɪl/

stardom /ˈstɑː.dəm/

talent /ˈtæl.ənt/

value /ˈvæl.juː/

VERBS

achieve /əˈtʃiːv/

addict /ˈæd.ɪkt/

attain /əˈteɪn/

dramatise /ˈdræm.ə.taɪz/

envy /ˈen.vi/

fantasise /ˈfæn.tə.saɪz/

manipulate /məˈnɪp.jʊ.leɪt/

monitor /ˈmɒn.ɪ.tə/

recommend /ˌrek.əˈmend/

stalk /stɔːk/

unwind /ʌnˈwaɪnd/

ADJECTIVES

addicted /əˈdɪk.tɪd/

addictive /əˈdɪk.tɪv/

compulsive /kəmˈpʌl.sɪv/

dramatic /drəˈmæt.ɪk/

everyday /ˈev.ri.deɪ/

fantastical /fænˈtæs.tɪkəl/

humorous /ˈhjuː.mə.rəs/

immense /ɪˈmens/

lucrative /ˈluː.krə.tɪv/

manipulative

/məˈnɪp.jʊ.lə.tɪv/

manufactured

/ˌmæn.jəˈfæk.tʃəd/

non-addictive

/ˌnɒn.əˈdik.tɪv/

non-disposable

/nɒn dɪˈspəʊ.zə.bl/

non-essential

/ˌnɒn.ɪˈsen.tʃəl/

non-judgemental

/ˌnɒn.dʒʌdʒˈmen.təl/

non-political

/nɒn pəˈlɪt.ɪ.kəl/

non-profit-making

/ˌnɒnˈprɒf.ɪtˌmeɪ.kɪŋ/

non-specific

/ˌnɒn.spəˈsɪf.ɪk/

non-standard

/ˌnɒnˈstæn.dəd/

ordinary /ˈɔː.dɪ.nə.ri/

sought-after /ˈsɔːtˌɑːf.tər/

talented /ˈtæl.ən.tɪd/

trashy /ˈtræʃ.i/

unscripted /ʌnˈskrɪp.tɪd/

weird /wɪəd/

world-famous

/ˌwɜːldˈfeɪ.məs/

ADVERBS

highly /ˈhaɪ.li/

rarely /ˈreə.li/

readily /ˈred.ɪ.li/

NOUN PHRASES

a big name celebrity endorsements celebrity gossip celebrity lifestyle complete rubbish

compulsive viewing everyday life group dynamics mass media media attention media coverage media empire ordinary people public appearance reality television sporting legend story line television genre television personality trashy novel

VERB PHRASES

be in the public eye

be highly sought-after

be readily available find common ground not be everyone’s cup of tea

Unit 37

NOUNS

advice /ədˈvaɪs/

advisor /ədˈvaɪ.zə/

breakdown /ˈbreɪk.daʊn/

break-up /ˈbreɪk.ʌp/

conflict /ˈkɒn.flɪkt/

dispute /dɪˈspjuːt/

failure /ˈfeɪ.ljər/

globalisation

/ˌɡləʊbəlaɪˈzeɪʃən/

intake /ˈɪn.teɪk/

judge /dʒʌdʒ/

letdown /ˈlet.daʊn/

listener /ˈlɪs.ən.ə/

loggerheads /ˈlɒg.ə.hedz/

mediator /ˈmiː.di.eɪ.tə/

outbreak /ˈaʊt.breɪk/

partnership /ˈpɑːt.nə.ʃɪp/

phenomenon

/fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/

sake /seɪk/

stability /stəˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

upbringing /ˈʌpˌbrɪŋ.ɪŋ/

VERBS

appease /əˈpiːz/

appreciate /əˈpriː.ʃi.eɪt/

contribute /kənˈtrɪb.juːt/

doubt /daʊt/

drift /drɪft/

endanger /ɪnˈdeɪn.dʒə/

erode /ɪˈrəʊd/

impart /ɪmˈpɑːt/

inform /ɪnˈfɔːm/

instil /ɪnˈstɪl/

overlook /ˌəʊ.vəˈlʊk/

question /ˈkwes.tʃən/

recognise /ˈrek.əɡ.naɪz/

ruin /ˈruː.ɪn/

soothe /suːð/

tolerate /ˈtɒl.ər.eɪt/

weaken /ˈwiː.kən/

ADJECTIVES

cherished /ˈtʃer.ɪʃt/

close-knit /ˌkləʊsˈnɪt/

committed /kəˈmɪt.ɪd/

comprehensive

/ˌkɒm.prɪˈhen.sɪv/

concerned /kənˈsɜːnd/

dependable /dɪˈpen.də.bl/

distraught /dɪˈstrɔːt/

dysfunctional

/dɪsˈfʌŋk.ʃən.əl/

fragile /ˈfrædʒ.aɪl/

impartial /ɪmˈpɑː.ʃəl/

idyllic /ɪˈdɪl.ɪk/

loving /ˈlʌv.ɪŋ/

middle-class /ˌmɪd.lˈklɑːs/

privileged /ˈprɪv.əl.ɪdʒd/

pushy /ˈpʊʃ.i/

sheltered /ˈʃel.təd/

solid /ˈsɒl.ɪd/

stable /ˈsteɪ.bl/

supportive /səˈpɔː.tɪv/

tough /tʌf/

traumatic /trɔːˈmæt.ɪk/

tricky /ˈtrɪk.i/

troubled /ˈtrʌb.ld/

turbulent /ˈtɜː.bjʊ.lənt/

uneasy /ʌnˈiː.zi/

ADVERBS

constantly /ˈkɒn.stənt.li/

NOUN PHRASES

anxious parents close-knit family comfortable upbringing committed relationship concerned parents difficult childhood distraught parents dysfunctional family

idyllic childhood

legal document

loving family

middle-class upbringing

privileged upbringing

pushy parents

secure relationship

sheltered upbringing

social circle

solid relationship

supportive family

stable relationship

strong family

tough upbringing

traumatic childhood

troubled childhood

turbulent childhood

uneasy relationship

worried parents

VERB PHRASES

be up against a brick wall

be at loggerheads

be there for sb

be thoroughly dependable

break down

break out

break up

bridge a gap

do/say sth behind sb’s back

do sth for the sake of (profit)

drift apart

fall for

fall out

get sb interested

go into business

have a fall out

have a wealth of

have high expectations

let sb down

mess up

not be speaking to each

other

perform a balancing act

provide stability

take sides

Unit 38

NOUNS

adjustment /əˈdʒʌst.mənt/

calorie /ˈkæl.ər.i/

cuisine /kwɪˈziːn/

destination /ˌdes.tɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

exercise /ˈek.sə.saɪz/

favour /ˈfeɪ.və/

fee /fiː/

gossip /ˈgɒs.ɪp/

pastime /ˈpɑːs.taɪm/

pro /prəʊ/

resort /rɪˈzɔːt/

scenery /ˈsiː.nər.i/

spectator /spekˈteɪ.tə/

view /vjuː/

VERBS

encourage /ɪnˈkʌr.ɪdʒ/

honeymoon /ˈhʌn.i.muːn/

include /ɪnˈkluːd/

pack /pæk/

reassure /ˌriː.əˈʃɔː/

sacrifice /ˈsæk.rɪ.faɪs/

ADJECTIVES

all-inclusive

/ˌɔːl.ɪnˈkluː.sɪv/

artificial /ˌɑː.tɪˈfɪʃ.əl/

authentic /ɔːˈθen.tɪk/

discouraged /dɪˈskʌr.ɪdʒd/

distracting /dɪˈstræktɪŋ/

enjoyable /ɪnˈdʒɔɪ.ə.bl/

excessive /ekˈses.ɪv/

exhausting /ɪgˈzɔː.stɪŋ/

exhilarating

/ɪgˈzɪl.ə.reɪ.tɪŋ/

exorbitant /ɪgˈzɔː.bɪ.tənt/

exotic /ɪgˈzɒt.ɪk/

extortionate /ɪkˈstɔː.ʃən.ət/

extravagant

/ɪkˈstræv.ə.gənt/

far-flung /ˌfɑːˈflʌŋ/

foreign /ˈfɒr.ən/

genuine /ˈdʒen.ju.ɪn/

incredible /ɪnˈkred.ɪ.bl/

international

/ˌɪn.təˈnæʃ.ən.əl/

isolated /ˈaɪ.sə.leɪ.tɪd/

local /ˈləʊ.kəl/

regional /ˈriː.dʒən.əl/

remote /rɪˈməʊt/

self-catering

/ˌselfˈkeɪ.tər.ɪŋ/

spectacular

/spekˈtæk.jʊ.lə/

tropical /ˈtrɒp.ɪ.kəl/

unheard-of /ʌnˈhɜːd.ɒv/

wasteful /ˈweɪst.fəl/

ADVERBS

drastically /ˈdræs.tɪk.li/

NOUN PHRASES

adventure holiday aerobics class aerobics routine aerobics workout beach holiday cycling accident cycling enthusiast cycling helmet dance partner dance move dance step family holiday football pitch football tournament holiday destination holiday insurance holiday resort holiday season international flight martial arts instructor martial arts fighter martial arts expert package holiday tennis lesson tennis coach tennis court two-week break two-week holiday swimming goggles walking tour walking boots walking pace

VERB PHRASES

activate muscles

be good for you

be low on sth book a holiday burn off calories call sth off cancel a holiday catch up with gossip close sth off creep along cut sth off

do sb a favour get out and about hang back (from doing sth) include sb in your plans make minor adjustments put sb off sth

ring off set off start off switch sth off trigger off sth wear off

Unit 39

NOUNS

accountability

/əˌkaʊn.təˈbɪl.ɪ.ti/

analysis /əˈnæl.ə.sɪs/

analyst /ˈæn.ə.lɪst/

channel /ˈtʃæn.əl/

consumer /kənˈsjuː.mə/

consumption

/kənˈsʌmp.ʃən/

device /dɪˈvaɪs/

dominance /ˈdɒm.ɪ.nəns/

domination

/ˌdɒm.ɪˈneɪ.ʃən/

emergence /ɪˈmɜː.dʒəns/

expense /ɪkˈspens/

explosion /ɪkˈspləʊ.ʒən/

explosive /ɪkˈspləʊ.sɪv/

expression /ɪkˈspreʃ.ən/

freedom /ˈfriː.dəm/

libel /ˈlaɪ.bəl/

material /məˈtɪə.ri.əl/

navigation /ˌnæv.ɪˈgeɪ.ʃən/

privacy /ˈprɪv.ə.si/

proposal /prəˈpəʊ.zəl/

rival /ˈraɪ.vəl/

sanction /ˈsæŋk.ʃən/

storage /ˈstɔː.rɪdʒ/

subscriber /səbˈskraɪ.bə/

subscription /səbˈskrɪp.ʃən/

analyse /ˈæn.əl.aɪz/

VERBS

block /blɒk/

bypass /ˈbaɪ.pɑːs/

consume /kənˈsjuːm/

dominate /ˈdɒm.ɪ.neɪt/

emerge /ɪˈmɜːdʒ/

explode /ɪkˈspləʊd/

renew /rɪˈnjuː/

reveal /rɪˈviːl/

prohibit /prəˈhɪb.ɪt/

prove /pruːv/

publish /ˈpʌb.lɪʃ/

subscribe /səbˈskraɪb/

sue /suː/

analytic /ˌæn.əlˈɪt.ɪk/

analytical /ˌæn.əˈlɪt.ɪ.kəl/

consumable

/kənˈsjuː.mə.bəl/

digital /ˈdɪdʒ.ɪ.təl/

dominant /ˈdɒm.ɪ.nənt/

electronic /ɪˌlekˈtrɒn.ɪk/

emergent /ɪˈmɜː.dʒənt/

emerging /ɪˈmɜː.dʒɪŋ/

expert /ˈek.spɜːt/

explosive /ɪkˈspləʊ.sɪv/

handheld /ˌhændˈheld/

in-depth /ˈɪn.depθ/

innovative /ˈɪn.ə.və.tɪv/

investigative

/ɪnˈves.tɪ.gə.tɪv/

labour-saving

/ˈleɪ.bəˌseɪ.vɪŋ/

mechanical /məˈkæn.ɪ.kəl/

mobile /ˈməʊ.baɪl/

oversubscribed

/ˌəʊ.və.səbˈskraɪbd/

sensitive /ˈsen.sɪ.tɪv/

targeted /ˈtɑːɡɪtɪd/

undersubscribed

/ˌʌndəsəbˈskraɪbd/

unfiltered /ʌnˈfɪl.təd/

ADVERBS

directly /daɪˈrekt.li/

fundamentally

/ˌfʌn.dəˈmen.təl.i/

honestly /ˈɒn.ɪst.li/

politically /pəˈlɪt.ɪ.kli/

thoroughly /ˈθʌr.ə.li/

undoubtedly /ʌnˈdaʊtɪdli/

wholeheartedly

/ˌhəʊlˈhɑː.tɪd.li/

NOUN PHRASES

communication device

diplomatic channels

electronic device

explosive device

human rights

freedom of expression

handheld device

in-depth news analysis

internet blog

investigative journalism

labour-saving device

mechanical device

media channel

mobile device navigation device news coverage nuclear device portable device press freedom public interest storage device targeted information television channel

VERB PHRASES

be free from accountability

be given priority

be politically sensitive

do sth at sb’s expense

do sth without fear of sanction

fight for dominance/

domination have access to sth renew a subscription reveal sources revise a law shop around stay up-to-date subscribe to tune in

Unit 40

NOUNS

agriculture /ˈæg.rɪ.kʌl.tʃə/

balance /ˈbæl.əns/

bill /bɪl/

construction

/kənˈstrʌk.ʃən/

contractor /kənˈtræk.tə/

coverage /ˈkʌv.ər.ɪdʒ/

description /dɪˈskrɪp.ʃən/

drill /drɪl/

education /ˌed.jʊˈkeɪ.ʃən/

enquiry /ɪnˈkwaɪə.ri/

entertainment

/en.təˈteɪn.mənt/

estate /ɪˈsteɪt/

ethic /ˈeθ.ɪk/

executive /ɪgˈzek.jʊ.tɪv/

expectations

/ˌek.spekˈteɪ.ʃənz/

extraction /ɪkˈstræk.ʃən/

festival /ˈfes.tɪ.vəl/

harvest /ˈhɑː.vɪst/

high street /ˈhaɪ.striːt/

hospitality /ˌhɒs.pɪˈtæl.ə.ti/

import /ɪmˈpɔːt/

influx /ˈɪn.flʌks/

jobseeker /ˈdʒɒbˌsiː.kə/

insurance /ɪnˈʃɔː.rəns/

labour /ˈleɪ.bə/

labourer /ˈleɪ.bər.ə/

loyalty /ˈlɔɪ.əl.ti/

manufacture

/ˌmæn.jʊˈfæk.tʃə/

market /ˈmɑː.kɪt/

migrant /ˈmaɪ.grənt/

mineral /ˈmɪn.ər.əl/

mining /ˈmaɪ.nɪŋ/

offer /ˈɒf.ə/

opportunity

/ˌɒp.əˈtjuː.nə.ti/

payout /ˈpeɪ.aʊt/

pesticide /ˈpes.tɪ.saɪd/

pit /pɪt/

policy /ˈpɒl.ə.si/

premium /ˈpriː.mi.əm/

produce /prəˈdjuːs/

promotion /prəˈməʊ.ʃən/

prospect /ˈprɒs.pekt/

queue /kjuː/

redundancy /rɪˈdʌn.dən.si/

retail /ˈriː.teɪl/

satisfaction

/ˌsæt.ɪsˈfæk.ʃən/

security /sɪˈkjʊə.rɪ.ti/

site /saɪt/

technology /tekˈnɒl.ə.dʒi/

tractor /ˈtræk.tə/

unemployment

/ˌʌn.ɪmˈplɔɪ.mənt/

venue /ˈven.juː/

wholesale /ˈhəʊl.seɪl/

workforce /ˈwɜːk.fɔːs/

workload /ˈwɜːk.ləʊd/

youth /juːθ/

VERBS

acquire /əˈkwaɪə/

bother /ˈbɒð.ə/

churn /tʃɜːn/

dictate /dɪkˈteɪt/

dismiss /dɪˈsmɪs/

disturb /dɪˈstɜːb/

fire /faɪə/

regret /rɪˈgret/

resign /rɪˈzaɪn/

retire /rɪˈtaɪə/

sack /sæk/

thrive /θraɪv/

ADJECTIVES

corporate /ˈkɔː.pər.ət/

freelance /ˈfriː.lɑːns/

industrial /ɪnˈdʌs.tri.əl/

non-existent

/ˌnɒn.ɪgˈzɪs.tənt/

ADVERBS

virtually /ˈvɜː.tju.ə.li/

NOUN PHRASES

call centre child labour customer services doom and gloom equal opportunities freelance work general office skills head office industrial action job description job market job offer job opportunity job satisfaction job security labour market migrant labour minimum wage public services retirement age work clothes work colleague work environment work ethic work experience work-life balance work permit work space youth unemployment

VERB PHRASES

be fired

be made redundant

be out of work

be passionate about sth

be sacked

be virtually non-existent climb the corporate ladder churn out sth

cover costs fill a gap have prospects lay sb off

not bother sb much

pick up

spring up

take over from sb

try in vain

Unit 41

NOUNS

crash /kræʃ/

crisis /ˈkraɪ.sɪs/

debt /det/

downturn /ˈdaʊn.tɜːn/

expenditure

/ɪkˈspen.dɪ.tʃə/

free fall /ˈfriː.fɔːl/

income /ˈɪn.kʌm/

inflation /ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/

investment /ɪnˈvest.mənt/

investor /ɪnˈves.tə/

logo /ˈləʊ.gəʊ/

non-essentials

/ˌnɒn.ɪˈsen.tʃəlz/

partner /ˈpɑːt.nə/

partnership /ˈpɑːt.nə.ʃɪp/

pension /ˈpen.ʃən/

profit /ˈprɒf.ɪt/

rate /reɪt/

recession /rɪˈseʃ.ən/

retailer /ˈriː.teɪ.lə/

slump /slʌmp/

spending /ˈspen.dɪŋ/

stock /stɒk/

sword /sɔːd/

VERBS

climb /klaɪm/

cut /kʌt/

eke /iːk/

establish /ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/

finance /ˈfaɪ.næns/

flourish /ˈflʌr.ɪʃ/

inch /ɪntʃ/

invest /ɪnˈvest/

launch /lɔːntʃ/

lower /ˈləʊ.ə/

maintain /meɪnˈteɪn/

produce /prəˈdjuːs/

prosper /ˈprɒs.pə/

rate /reɪt/

reduce /rɪˈdjuːs/

rocket /ˈrɒk.ɪt/

slash /slæʃ/

soar /sɔː/

succeed /səkˈsiːd/

survey /ˈsɜː.veɪ/

tumble /ˈtʌm.bl/

weaken /ˈwiː.kən/

worsen /ˈwɜː.sən/

ADJECTIVES

alarming /əˈlɑː.mɪŋ/

bust /bʌst/

disconcerting

/ˌdɪskənˈsɜːtɪŋ/

disturbing /dɪˈstɜː.bɪŋ/

jumpy /ˈdʒʌm.pi/

overall /ˌəʊ.vəˈrɔːl/

productive /prəˈdʌk.tɪv/

troubling /ˈtrʌb.lɪŋ/

worldwide /ˌwɜːldˈwaɪd/

ADVERBS

dramatically

/drəˈmæt.ɪ.kəl.i/

uncontrollably

/ˌʌn.kənˈtrəʊ.lə.bli/

tightly /ˈtaɪt.li/

NOUN PHRASES

a double-edged sword

an alarming rate cost of living credit crunch economic decline interest rate pension fund stock market

VERB PHRASES

be out of the woods

be in a mess

be in free fall build a relationship cut sth to the bone eke out

establish a business establish a relationship focus on sth

get jumpy

go bust have advantages over sb/sth hit hard

inch up keep up payments keep a check on maintain a relationship make ends meet pay off (debts)

set up a business seek out shoot up

Unit 42

NOUNS

aloe /ˈæl.əʊ/

amphibian /æmˈfɪb.i.ən/

ant /ænt/

antennae /ænˈteniː/

bark /bɑːk/

basis /ˈbeɪ.sɪs/

beak /biːk/

bud /bʌd/

burrow /ˈbʌr.əʊ/

bush /bʊʃ/

calf /kɑːf/

chick /tʃɪk/

claw /klɔː/

climate /ˈklaɪ.mət/

coal /kəʊl/

colony /ˈkɒl.ə.ni/

construction

/kənˈstrʌk.ʃən/

cosmetic /kɒzˈmet.ɪk/

cricket /ˈkrɪk.ɪt/

crocodile /ˈkrɒk.ə.daɪl/

crop /krɒp/

cub /kʌb/

den /den/

ecosystem /ˈiː.kəʊˌsɪs.təm/

electricity /ɪˌlekˈtrɪs.ɪ.ti/

enclosure /ɪnˈkləʊ.ʒə/

existence /ɪgˈzɪs.təns/

extinction /ɪkˈstɪŋk.ʃən/

fang /fæŋ/

feather /ˈfeð.ə/

foal /fəʊl/

fossil /ˈfɒs.əl/

frog /frɒg/

glue /gluː/

gills /ɡɪlz/

globe /gləʊb/

grain /greɪn/

grub /grʌb/

habitat /ˈhæb.ɪ.tæt/

herd /hɜːd/

hive /haɪv/

honey /ˈhʌn.i/

ingredient /ɪnˈgriː.di.ənt/

kennel /ˈken.əl/

kitten /ˈkɪt.ən/

leaf /liːf/

lizard /ˈlɪz.əd/

mackerel /ˈmæk.rəl/

mammal /ˈmæm.əl/

material /məˈtɪə.ri.əl/

medicine /ˈmed.ɪ.sən/

newt /njuːt/

owl /aʊl/

pack /pæk/

paw /pɔː/

pod /pɒd/

pollen /ˈpɒl.ən/

pollination /ˌpɒl.əˈneɪ.ʃən/

proportion /prəˈpɔː.ʃən/

pup /pʌp/

reptile /ˈrep.taɪl/

roots /ruːts/

salmon /ˈsæm.ən/

scales /skeɪlz/

seed /siːd/

shark /ʃɑːk/

shelter /ˈʃel.tə/

shoal /ʃəʊl/

snake /sneɪk/

soap /səʊp/

species /ˈspiː.ʃiːz/

sting /stɪŋ/

swallow /ˈswɒl.əʊ/

swarm /swɔːm/

theorist /ˈθɪə.rɪst/

theory /ˈθɪə.ri/

timber /ˈtɪm.bə/

toad /təʊd/

trunk /trʌŋk/

vertebrate /ˈvɜː.tɪ.brət/

vulture /ˈvʌl.tʃə/

whale /weɪl/

willow /ˈwɪl.əʊ/

wolf /wʊlf/

yew /juː/

VERBS

breed /briːd/

buzz /bʌz/

clone /kləʊn/

groom /gruːm/

growl /graʊl/

hatch /hætʃ/

hibernate /ˈhaɪ.bə.neɪt/

hiss /hɪs/

hoot /huːt/

howl /haʊl/

lay /leɪ/

mate /meɪt/

migrate /maɪˈgreɪt/

nest /nest/