Cấu trúc và bài tập đảo ngữ

Đảo ngữ I Đảo ngữ gì? Hiện tượng đảo ngữ tượng đảo ngược vị trí động từ trợ động từ lên trước chủ ngữ nhằm mục đích nhấn mạnh Ví dụ: She never goes out on Sunday (câu thường) Never does she go out on Sunday (câu đảo ngữ – người viết/nói muốn nhấn mạnh đến việc không cô ấy) Cô không vào Chủ nhật II Các cấu trúc câu đảo ngữ Đảo ngữ với trạng từ tần suất (thường trạng từ mang nghĩa phủ định) Never/ Rarely/ Seldom /Little/ Hardly ever + trợ động từ + S + V: không bao giờ/hiếm làm Ví dụ: Peter rarely studies hard => Rarely does Peter study hard Hiếm Peter học hành chăm Đảo ngữ với câu điều kiện Câu điều kiện loại 1: Should + S + V, S + will/should/may/shall + V… : Nếu như… … Ví dụ: If the weather is nice tomorrow, we will go camping => Should the weather be nice tommorrow, we will go camping Nếu ngày mai thời tiết đẹp cắm trại Câu điều kiện loại 2: Were S + to V/ Were S, S + would/could/might + V: Nếu … … Ví dụ: If I had money, I would buy that car => Were I to have money, I would buy that car Nếu có tiền mua ô tô If I were you, I would work harder => Were I you, I would work harder Nếu bạn, làm việc chăm Câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + S + PII, S + would/should/might have PII: Nếu … … Ví dụ: If she hadn’t eaten this cake, she wouldn’t have had stomachache => Had she not eaten this cake, she wouldn’t have had stomachache Nếu cô không ăn bánh cô không bị đau bụng Chú ý: Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện đảo mệnh đề if, mệnh đề sau giữ nguyên Đảo ngữ miêu tả hành động xảy sát sau lúc No sooner… than Scarely… when Hardly… when … + had + S + PII …+ S + Ved: sau … Ví dụ: No sooner had he come than she left = Hardly had he come when she left Ngay sau anh đến cô rời Đảo ngữ với until It was not … until that…: mãi => Not until + trợ động từ + S + V + that + … Ví dụ: It was not I became a mother that I knew how my mother loved me => Not until did I become a mother that I knew how my mother loved me Mãi làm mẹ mới biết mẹ yêu đến nhường Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ cách thức (trạng từ) Phó từ + trợ động từ + S + V Ví dụ: Beautifully did she sing Cô hát hay Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ thời gian (With adverbs of time): Phó từ + trợ động từ + S + V Ví dụ: Very often have we tried to it but we fail Chúng cố gắng làm nhiều lần thất bại Hình thức đảo ngữ với phó từ nơi chốn (With adverbs of place): Phó từ + V + S Ví dụ: Here comes the fall Mùa thu tới Hình thức đảo ngữ với with now, thus, then, here, there Chỉ đảo ngữ chủ ngữ danh từ, không hoán chuyển chủ ngữ đại từ Ví dụ: There comes the bus = There it comes Xe buýt tới rồi Đảo ngữ với so … that such… that So adj/adv + trợ động từ + S + that…: đến nỗi mà Ví dụ: This book is so interesting that I’ve read it many times => So interesting is this book that I’ve read it many times Cuốn sách thú vị đến nỗi mà đọc nhiều lần 10 Hình thức đảo ngữ với NO NOT No+ N + trợ động từ + S + Verb(inf) Not any + N+ trợ động từ + S+ verb(inf) Ví dụ No books shall I lend you from now on = Not any money shall I lend you from now on Từ không cho bạn mượn bất cứ quyển sách 11 Hình thức đảo ngữ với ONLY Only then (chỉ đến lúc đó) Ví dụ: Only then did I understand the problem (Chỉ lúc sau đã hiểu vấn đề) Only in this/ that way (chỉ cách này/ đó) Ví dụ: Only in that way can we expect to succeed in reaching the set targets (Chỉ cách mong đợi để thành công việc đạt mục tiêu đề ra) Only by + Ving/ Noun (chỉ cách) Ví dụ: Only by practicing English every day can you speak it fluently (Chỉ cách luyện tập tiếng Anh hàng ngày bạn nói trôi chảy được) Only with + Noun (chỉ với) Ví dụ: Only with the full agreement of everyone can we hope to succeed (Chỉ với đồng ý tất người hy vọng thành công) Only in + adv of time/ place (chỉ thời gian/ địa điểm) Ví dụ: Only in central Vietnam have I seen such scenery like that (Chỉ miền Trung Việt Nam thấy cảnh thế) Only after + Noun/ clause (chỉ sau khi) Ví dụ: Only after all guests had gone home, could we relax (Chỉ sau tất khách nhà, nghỉ ngơi) Only when + Clause (chỉ đến khi) = Not until Ví dụ: Only when he is here, does he speak Chinese (Chỉ ông ta đây, ông ta nói tiếng Trung Quốc) Only if + Clause (chỉ khi, nếu) Với “only after”, “only when”, “only if”: câu có mệnh đề dùng đảo ngữ mệnh đề thứ hai Ví dụ: Only if you tell me the truth, can I forgive you (Chỉ bạn nói cho thật, tha thứ cho bạn) Xem thêm: Nơi học ielts cấp tốc cho bạn tham khảo Lưu ý: Nếu “only” bổ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ (chủ ngữ nằm sau “only”) câu đảo ngữ Eg: Only he can speak English (Chỉ có anh nói tiếng Anh) Only the special members can enter the club on Sundays (Chỉ thành viên đặc biệt tới câu lạc vào chủ nhật) Only … + trợ động từ + S + V (câu mệnh đề) hoặc Only … + S + V + trợ động từ + S + V (câu mệnh đề) 12 Hình thức đảo ngữ với cụm từ có No At no time: không lúc On no condition: không với điều kiện On no account : Không lí Under/ in no circumstances: không trường hợp For no searson: không lý In no way: không cách No longer: không còn No where: không nơi Ví dụ: Under no case should you leave here Trong bất cứ trường hợp bạn cũng không nên rời khỏi No longer does he live next to me Bây anh không còn hàng xóm 13 Hình thức đảo ngữ với Not only… but… also… Not only + trợ động từ + S + V + but… also….: mà còn Ví dụ: Not only is he good at History but he also sings very beautifully Không anh giỏi lịch sử mà còn hát hay 14 Hình thức đảo ngữ Nhấn mạnh tính từ: Trong tiếng Anh đảo tính từ, cụm tính ngữ làm C (bổ ngữ) “to be” trước để nhấn mạnh, đồng thời đảo “to be” trước S (chủ ngữ) Ví dụ: The probem is easy => Easy is the problem Vấn đề đơn giản 15 Hình thức đảo ngữ Nhấn mạnh động từ Trong tiếng Anh nhấn mạnh động từ đơn khứ đơn cách thêm trợ động từ dạng tương ứng với Ví dụ: I stayed at home yesterday => I did stay at home yesterday Tôi ở nhà ngày hôm qua Câu Dùng NEVER viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ 10 She had never been so happy before => Never before………………………………………… I have never heard such nonsense! => Never………………………………………………… I have never seen such a mess in my life => Never in my life………………………………… Our profits have never been higher than they are this year => Never………………………… The film had never before laid on such a sumptuous celebration =>Never…………………… I've never come across such a horrifying film => Never……………………………………… I've never been so moved by a Shakespeare production => Never…………………………… I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you => Never………………………… I'll never forget you => Never ……………………………………………………………… Câu Dùng RARELY, SELDOM LITTLE viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ One rarely finds good service these days => Rarely……………………………………………………… She has rarely travelled more than fifty miles from her village => Rarely……………………………… Public borrowing has seldom been so high => Seldom………………………………………… They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony => Seldom………………………… They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success => Little…………………………… The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent => Little………………………………………… He has seldom seen anything stranger => Seldom…………………………………………… Câu Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT He is my friend as well as yours => Not only………………………………………………… He not only spent all his money but also borrowed some from me.=> Not only……………………………………… Harry not only broke his leg but also injured his shoulder.=> Not only……………………………………………… He is both intelligent and handsome.=> Not only…………………………………………………………………… She is impatient and dishonest ……………………………………………………………………………………… The bus not only crashed into a tree, but it also ran over a cat => Not…………………………………………………………………………… She not only wrote the text but also selected the illustrations => Not…………………………………………………………………………… She is not only beautiful but also attractive => Not…………………………………………………………………………… He translated not only fast but also correctly => Not…………………………………………………………………………… 10 They are not only good at mathematics but also at science => Not…………………………………………………………………………… 11 She not only sings but also dances => Not…………………………………………………………………………… Câu Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang => No sooner _ I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back => Hardly _ He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang => Not until We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months => Only _ A sleeping dog was lying under the table => Under the table _ His brother had rarely been more excited => Rarely _ The facts were not all made public until later => Only If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job => Had _ Câu Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it 1.He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired => Only I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home => Only It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat => Only I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage => Only They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating => Only They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left => Only I didn’t realize who he was until later => Only The door could not be opened without using force => Only I won’t agree until Tom’s apologized => Only 10.The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day => Only Câu Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD If the Government are forced into another election, it will be the favorite to win => Should If you want to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is free after A.M => Should If you have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice => Should If you decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April => Should If we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately => Should If you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order form => Should If you change your mind, there will always be a job for you here => Should Câu Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with WERE OR HAD If the salary were high, the job would be worth doing => Were _ Would you visit me if I were sent to prison? => Were _ I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop => Had _ If I were rich, I could afford to buy an expensive car => Were _ If I were you, I would tell him the truth => Were _ If he weren’t busy right now, he could help them => Were _ If she had said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry => Had _ If the computer hadn’t broken down and I wouldn’t have had to stop my work => Had _ If he hadn’t been angry, I would have said something => Had _ 10 If his friends hadn’t been late, they wouldn’t have missed the train => Had _ Câu Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SO OR SUCH The weather is so beautiful that we decided to go to the beach => So He is so strong that he can lift the box => So He is such a lazy boy that no one likes him => Such He ate so much food that he became ill => So It is such hot coffee that I can't drink it => Such He bought so many books that he didn't know where to put them => So She has such a soft voice that everyone likes her => Such 8 This book is so boring that I couldn’t finish it => So He was such a fast speaker that we couldn’t understand him => Such 10 She was so tired that she fell asleep in the armchair => So 11 It was such a foggy day that we couldn’t see the road => Such 12 This tea is so good that I’ll have another cup => So Đáp án tập Dùng NEVER viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ She had never been so happy before => Never before had she been so happy I have never heard such nonsense! => Never have I heard such nonsense I have never seen such a mess in my life => Never in my life have I seen such a mess in my life Our profits have never been higher than they are this year => Never have our profits been higher than they are this year The film had never before laid on such a sumptuous celebration => Never before had the film laid on such a sumptuous celebration I've never come across such a horrifying film => Never have I come across such a horrifying film I've never been so moved by a Shakespeare production => Never have I been so moved by a Shakespeare production I had never tasted such a wonderful combination of flavors before => Never before had I tasted such a wonderful combination of flavors I never go to school late => Never I go to school late 10 I have never seen anyone in my life drink as much as you => Never in my life have I seen anyone as much as you 11 I'll never forget you => Never shall I forget you Câu Dùng RARELY, SELDOM LITTLE viết lại câu với hình thức đảo ngữ One rarely finds good service these day => Rarely does one find good service these days She has rarely travelled more than fifty miles from her village => Rarely has she traveled more than fifty miles from her village Public borrowing has seldom been so high => Seldom public borrowing has been so high They had seldom participated in such a fascinating ceremony => Seldom had they participated in such a fascinating ceremony They little suspected that the musical was going to be a runaway success => Little did they suspect that the musical was going to be a runaway success The embassy staff little realized that Ted was a secret agent => Little did the embassy staff realize that Ted was a secret agent She didn't realize what would happen to her next => Little did she realize what would happen to her next He has seldom seen anything stranger => Seldom has he seldom seen anything stranger Câu Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with NOT He is my friend as well as yours => Not only is he my friend but also yours He not only spent all his money but also borrowed some from me => Not only did he spend all his money but also borrowed some from me Harry not only broke his leg but also injured his shoulder => Not only did Harry break his leg but also injured his shoulder He is both intelligent and handsome => Not only is he intelligent but also handsome She is impatient and dishonest => Not only is she impatient but dishonest as well The bus not only crashed into a tree, but it also ran over a cat => Not only did the bus crash into a tree but it also ran over a cat She not only wrote the text but also selected the illustrations => Not only did she write the text but also selected the illustrations She is not only beautiful but also attractive => Not only is she beautiful but also attractive He translated not only fast but also correctly => Not did he translate fast but also correctly 10 They are not only good at mathematics but also at science => Not only are they good at mathematics but also at science 11 She not only sings but also dances => Not only does she sing but also dances Câu Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it He had hardly left the office when the telephone rang => No sooner had he left the office than the telephone rang I had only just put the phone down when the boss rang back => Hardly had I just put the phone down when the boss rang back He didn’t finish his work until the bell rang => Not until the bell rang did he finish his work We only began to see the symptoms of the disease after several months => Only after several months did we begin to see the symptoms of the disease A sleeping dog was lying under the table => Under the table was lying a sleeping dog His brother had rarely been more excited => Rarely had his brother been more excited The facts were not all made public until later => Only until later were the facts all made public If I had realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job => Had I realized what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job Câu Rewrite each of the following sentences with the given words in such a way that it means the same as the sentence printed above it He only thought about having a holiday abroad after he retired => Only after he retired did he think about having a holiday abroad I only realized how dangerous the situation had been when I got home => Only when I got home did I realize how dangerous the situation had been It wasn’t until last week that the Agriculture Minister admitted defeat => Only until last week did the Agriculture Minister admit defeat I understood Hamlet only after seeing it on the stage => Only after seeing Hamlet on the stage did I understand it They didn’t get round to business until they had finished eating => Only until they had finished eating did they get around to business They had to wait for twelve hours before their flight left => Only after they had waited for 12 hours did their flight leave I didn’t realize who he was until later => Only later did I realize who he was 8 The door could not be opened without using force => Only using force could the door be opened I won’t agree until Tom’s apologized => Only until Tom's apologized will I agree 10.The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day => Only by training hard every day can you become a good athlete Câu Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SHOULD If the Government are forced into another election, it will be the favorite to win => Should the Government be forced into another election, it will be the favorite to win If you want to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is free after A.M => Should you want to make an appointment to see Dr Simons, she is free after A.M If you have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice => Should you have further problems with your printer, contact your dealer for advice If you decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April => Should you decide to accept the post, you will be expected to start work on 1st April If we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately => Should we hear any further news, we will be in touch immediately If you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order form => Should you wish to take advantage of the offer, kindly tick the box on your order form If you change your mind, there will always be a job for you here => Should you change your mind, there will always be a job for you here Câu Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with WERE OR HAD If the salary were high, the job would be worth doing => Were the salary high, the job would be worth doing Would you visit me if I were sent to prison? => Were I sent to prison would you visit me? I didn’t see the signal, so I didn’t stop => Had I seen the signal I would have stopped If I were rich, I could afford to buy an expensive car => Were I rich and I could afford to buy an expensive car If I were you, I would tell him the truth => Were I you, I would tell him the truth If he weren’t busy right now, he could help them => Were he not busy right now, he could help them If she had said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry => Had she said sorry, he wouldn’t have been angry If the computer hadn’t broken down and I wouldn’t have had to stop my work => Had the computer not broken down and I wouldn’t have had to stop my work If he hadn’t been angry, I would have said something => Had I he not been angry, I would have said something 10 11 If his friends hadn’t been late, they wouldn’t have missed the train => Had his friends not been late, they wouldn’t have missed the train Câu Rewrite these sentences, using inversion with SO OR SUCH The weather is so beautiful that we decided to go to the beach => So beautiful is the weather that we decided to go to the beach He is so strong that he can lift the box => So strong is he that he can lift the box He is such a lazy boy that no one likes him => Such a lazy boy is he that no one likes him He ate so much food that he became ill => So much food did he eat that he became ill It is such hot coffee that I can't drink it => Such hot coffee is it that I can't drink it He bought so many books that he didn't know where to put them => So many books did he buy that he didn't know where to put them She has such a soft voice that everyone likes her => Such a soft voice does she have that everyone likes her This book is so boring that I couldn’t finish it => So boring is this book that I couldn’t finish it He was such a fast speaker that we couldn’t understand him => Such a fast speaker was he that we couldn’t understand him 10.She was so tired that she fell asleep in the armchair => So tired was she that she fell asleep in the armchair 11 It was such a foggy day that we couldn’t see the road => Such a foggy day was it that we couldn’t see the road 12 This tea is so good that I’ll have another cup => So good is this tea that I’ll have another cup  ... thức đảo ngữ với phó từ nơi chốn (With adverbs of place): Phó từ + V + S Ví dụ: Here comes the fall Mùa thu tới Hình thức đảo ngữ với with now, thus, then, here, there Chỉ đảo ngữ chủ ngữ danh... còn hát hay 14 Hình thức đảo ngữ Nhấn mạnh tính từ: Trong tiếng Anh đảo tính từ, cụm tính ngữ làm C (bổ ngữ) “to be” trước để nhấn mạnh, đồng thời đảo “to be” trước S (chủ ngữ) Ví dụ: The probem... ngữ (chủ ngữ nằm sau “only”) câu đảo ngữ Eg: Only he can speak English (Chỉ có anh nói tiếng Anh) Only the special members can enter the club on Sundays (Chỉ thành viên đặc biệt tới câu lạc vào