After completing this chapter, students will be able to: Relate growth and development to pediatric patient care, identify the role of the medical assistant during pediatric examinations, discuss pediatric immunizations and the role of the medical assistant,…
CHAPTER 40 Assisting in Pediatrics © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-2 Learning Outcomes (cont.) 40.1 Relate growth and development to pediatric patient care 40.2 Identify the role of the medical assistant during pediatric examinations 40.3 Discuss pediatric immunizations and the role of the medical assistant © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-3 Learning Outcomes (cont.) 40.4 Explain variations of pediatric screening procedures and diagnostic tests 40.5 Describe common pediatric diseases and disorders and their treatment 40.6 Recognize special health concerns of pediatric patients © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-4 Introduction • Pediatrics • Medical Assistant – Specialty – Parent education – Healthcare of children – Adhering to immunization schedules • Pediatrician – Monitors development – Diagnose and treat – Recognizing special health concerns – Liaison between parent and physician © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-5 Developmental Stages and Care • Developmental milestones for each stage – Physical development – Intellectual-cognitive development – Psycho-emotional development – Social development © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-6 Neonate • Birth to one month • Physical development – Umbilical cord – Head • ¼ the length • Fontanels – Skin • Loose, wrinkled, red • Peels during 1st week – Jaundice • Yellowish color • Bilirubin – Reflexes – Vision and hearing © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-7 Neonate (cont.) • Intellectual-cognitive development • Social development – Responds to stimulation – Establishes an activity pattern – Responds to a soft, gentle voice – Tries to focus on voice and face – Can show excitement and distress © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-8 Neonate (cont.) • Aspects of care – Hygiene • Tepid sponge baths • Avoid oil, lotions, and powders – Jaundice treatment • Hydration • Ultraviolet light or bili-blanket • Blood tests – Feeding instructions © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-9 The Infant: One Month to One Year (cont.) • Physical development – Rapid growth – Develops head to foot – Larger groups of muscles develop before smaller groups • Intellectual-cognitive development – Recognition and understanding develop – At 12 months ~ follows simple directions – Eye-hand coordination © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-10 The Infant: One Month to One Year (cont.) • Psycho-emotional development – Address physical needs quickly and calmly – Physical contact and cuddling important • Social Development – Occurs quickly – Increasing interaction with family © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-46 Less Common Diseases and Disorders Condition Description AIDS Most cases are transmitted mother-to-child during pregnancy, labor, delivery, or breastfeeding All babies born to HIV-positive mothers, test positive for HIV antibodies, but not all remain permanently infected Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis Autoimmune disease of the joints; occurs in children 16 years or younger Severity of the disease ranges from mild to severe and may affect the eyes and internal organs The disease has periods of remission and flare-up © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-47 Less Common Diseases and Disorders Condition Description ADHD and Learning Disabilities ADHD – all conditions identified as hyperactivity, hyperkinesis, and attention deficit LD – a wide rand of conditions that interfere with learning Cerebral palsy Birth-related disorder of nerves and muscles; caused by brain damage occurring before, during, or after birth or in early childhood © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-48 Diseases and Disorders (cont.) Condition Description Congenital heart disease Cardiovascular malformations in the fetus before birth; causes include genetic mutations, maternal infections, maternal alcoholism, or maternal insulin-dependent diabetes Down syndrome Genetic disorder due to one extra chromosome in all cells formed during fetal development; characteristic facial features © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-49 Diseases and Disorders (cont.) Condition Description Hepatitis B Infection of liver; virus can be transmitted from the mother before or during birth; immunization available Respiratory Major cause of lower respiratory infections; Syncytial highly contagious; difficult to treat; antibiotics Virus (RSV) only treat any secondary infections Sudden Unexplained sudden death of an infant Infant Death during sleep; usually occurs between and Syndrome 4months old; “back to sleep” © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-50 Diseases and Disorders (cont.) Condition Description Spina bifida Defect of spinal development occurring during the first trimester of pregnancy; the spinal cord is not fully protected Viral Inflammation of stomach and intestines; gastroenteritis can cause dehydration and electrolyte imbalance due to fluid loss © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-51 Apply Your Knowledge ANSWER: Matching: F virus that causes cold sore blisters E highly contagious dermatologic disease D an autoimmune disease of the joints B birth-related disorder of nerves and A Down syndrome A muscles genetic disorder from one extra C chromosome cause of lower respiratory disease in infants and young children F Herpes simplex virus B Cerebral palsy C RSV D JRA E Impetigo © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-52 Pediatric Patient Special Concerns • Detecting child abuse or neglect – Watch for problems in relationship between child and parent/caregiver – Observe for physical injuries and signs of neglect – Document and report to physician © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-53 Pediatric Patient Special Concerns (cont.) • Physician will examine for – – – • Some risk factors – – • Internal injuries Malnutrition Lack of cognitive ability Stress Financial problems Abuse or neglect must be reported by law © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-54 Pediatric Patient Special Concerns (cont.) • Eating disorders – Adolescents – Anorexia nervosa – Bulimia nervosa • Depression, substance abuse, and addiction – Difficult to distinguish – Family should be aware if issue © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-55 Pediatric Patient Special Concerns (cont.) • Violence • Suicide – Be aware of warning sides – Always take suicide threats seriously • STIs and birth control information available from – Schools – Local health departments – TV and the internet – CDC © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-56 Apply Your Knowledge List the warning signs of potential violence? ANSWER: They are: •Frequent physical fighting •Increased or serious use of drugs or alcohol •Increase in risk-taking behavior •Gang membership or strong desire to be in a gang •Trouble controlling feelings such as anger •Withdrawal from friends and usual activities •Feeling rejected or alone •Having been a victim of bullying •Feeling constantly disrespected •Failing to acknowledge the feelings or rights of others Superb! © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-57 In Summary 40.1 Growth and development occur in stages throughout life, including neonate, infant, toddler, preschooler, elementary school child, middle school child, and adolescent Each stage of development occurs through physical, cognitive-intellectual, psycho-emotional, and social milestones 40.2 The medical assistant must be able to communicate with pediatric patients of all stages, gather and provide educational information to the parent or caregiver, assist with diagnostic and screening procedures, and serve as a liaison between the patient and the physician © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-58 In Summary 40.3 Immunizations provide patients with protection from infectious diseases The medical assistant may schedule appointments, provide education, obtain informed consent, administer the medication, maintain the immunization record, and properly handle and store the immunizations 40.4 Screening procedures and diagnostic tests for pediatric patients vary depending upon the age and size of the child When performing procedures and diagnostic tests, follow the specific guidelines for the procedure and child © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-59 In Summary 40.5 Some childhood diseases include chickenpox, influenza, measles, mumps, rubella, scarlet fever, and tetanus Other diseases are outlined in Table 40-2 40.6 The medical assistant should be alert to signs of special health concerns of pediatric patients, including child abuse and neglect, eating disorders, depression, substance abuse and addiction, violence, suicide, and sexually transmitted infections © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part 40-60 The End of Chapter 40 There are only two things a child will share willingly: communicable disease and his mother’s age - Benjamin Spock © 2014 by McGraw-Hill Education This is proprietary material solely for authorized instructor use Not authorized for sale or distribution in any manner This document may not be copied, scanned, duplicated, forwarded, distributed, or posted on a website, in whole or part ... website, in whole or part 40- 3 Learning Outcomes (cont.) 40. 4 Explain variations of pediatric screening procedures and diagnostic tests 40. 5 Describe common pediatric diseases and disorders and their.. .40- 2 Learning Outcomes (cont.) 40. 1 Relate growth and development to pediatric patient care 40. 2 Identify the role of the medical assistant during pediatric examinations 40. 3 Discuss... website, in whole or part 40- 14 The Toddler: One to Three Years (cont.) • Psycho-emotional development • Social development – Gain control over expression of feelings – Progress to sharing and playing