(BQ) The book is Occasions for writing, an exciting new collection of readings that helps you discover how everything you encounter in life is an occasion or reason to write In addition to its large selection of untraditional, fascinating readings, this reader contains effective Occasions for Writing activities that help you to look closely at written text, photographs, other mediaand literally everything in your lifeguiding you in developing the fresh ideas that lead...
Evidence, Idea, Essay An Occasion for Writing brings together images and written material that aims to stop us in our tracks The Occasion should provoke us and elicit from us an interpretation of what we see and read Any Occasion for Writing says quite simply, "Stop and t hink about what you see here." The acts of analysis, interpretation, and clarificatio n will reward you with the satisfaction t hat comes from figuring out something that only you can find In Occasions for Writing we see something mysterious, beyond simple explanation, something that can teach us about ourselves, our needs, and the world in which we sometimes move so rapidly that we miss the most amazing things This cover shot reveals only a portion of a larger art installation installed temporarily in 1991 on the landscape 60 miles north of Los Angeles, along Interstate and the Tejon Pass Christo and Jeanne-Claude (the artists) and 1880 workers installed 1760 yellow umbrellas in California and 1340 blue umbrellas on a different site in Japan We see in this photograph the vastness of t he uncu ltivated grazing land of California, highlighted by t he color and placement of the umbrellas What relationship exists between this installation, as you see it and the land itself? In what ways might art be enhancing or revealing the landscape, making it possible for us to see it in new ways? Does the land itself enhance the installation? In her essay "A Shark in the Mind of One Contemplating Wilderness" (pp 480-484), Terry Tempest Williams suggests that "the natural world is becoming invisible, appeari ng only as a backdrop for our own human dramas and catastrophes: hurricanes, tornadoes, earthquakes, and floods Perhaps if we bring art to the discussion of the wild we can create a sensation where people will pay attention to the shock of what has always been here " How you imagine Christo and Jeanne-Claude would react to Williams's suggestion? OCCASIONS EVIDENCE IDEA FOR WRITING ESSAY ' ROBERT DiYANNI New York University PAT C HOY II New York University ~I - WADSWORTH CENGAG E Learn ing· Australia • Brazil • japan • Korea • Mexico • Singapore • Spain • United Kingdom • United States - -.: ~· ~· - - - - - - - - - - , WADSWORTH I CENGAGE Learning· Occasions for Writing: Evidence, Idea, Essay Robert DiYanni and Pat C Hoy II Publisher: lyn Uhl Development Editor: Manta Sermolins Editorial Assistant: Megan Garvey Technology Project Manager: joe Gallagher Managing Marketing Manager: Mandee Eckersley Marketing Assistant: Kate Remsberg Senior Marketing Communications Manager: Stacey Purviance Senior Art Director: Cate Rickard Barr © 2008 Wadsworth, Cengage learning All RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this work covered by the copyright herein may be reproduced transmitted stored, or used in any form or by any means graphic, electronic, or mechanical including but not limited to photocopying, recording scanning digitizing, taping Web distnbutoon information networks, or information storage and retrieval systems except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 o f the 1976 Uno ted States Copyright Act without the prior written permission ofthe publisher ., For product information and technology assistance contact us at Cengage learning Customer & Sales Support, 1·800·354·9706 For permission to use material from this tex t or product, submit al l requests online at www.cengage.com/permissions Further permissions questions can be e·mailed to perm issionrequest@cengage.com Senior Content Project M anager: Samantha Ross Library of Congress Control NumbN: 2006937801 Prin t Buyer: Betsy Donaghey ISBN-13: 978-1-4130-1206-4 Permissions M anager: Ron M on tgomery ISBN-10: 1-4130-1206-X Photo Manager: Sheri Blaney Permissions Researcher: Marcy Lunetta Text/Cover Oesogner: Yvo Roezebos Cover Printer: Courier-Kendallville Production Service/Compositor: Graphic World Inc Cover Art: Christo and jeanne·Ciaude: The Umbrellas japan U.S.A 1984- 91: Photo: Wolfgang Volzllaof/Redux Pictures Copyright: Christo 1991-2005 Credots appear on pages 815- 826 which constitute a continuation of the copyright page Wadsworth Cengage learning 20 Channel Center Street Boston MA 02210 USA Cengage learning is a leading provider of customized learning solutions with office locations around the globe including Singapore the United Kingdom, Australia, Mexico Brazil, and Japan locate your local office at www.cengage.com/global Cengage learning products are represented in Canada by Nelson Education Ltd To learn more about Wadsworth, visit www.cengage.com/wadsworth Purchase any of our products at your loca l college store or at our preferred online store www.cengagebrain.com Printed in Canada 34513 1211 CONTENTS t • ' RHETORICAL CONTENTS A BOUT THE AUTHORS PREFACE I XV11 ' • XXl ••• X X 111 A BRI E F GU IDE T O WR ITI NG THE PRACTICE OF WRITING Why Am I Writing Essays? An Occasion for Writing Using Your Voice and Finding Your Character Moving from Evidence to Idea to Essay EVIDENCE IDEA ESSAY How to Reveal the Discoveries ANALYSIS INTERPRETATION REFLECTION AND MEANING Making Evidence and Discovery Work 'I'ogether 10 AN EXPLORATORY ESSAY: A STUDENT'S PROCESS 13 Using Images and Experience as Evidence 13 THE PERSUASIVE ESSAY: A STUDENT'S PROCESS 37 Using Text and Experience as Evidence 37 111 lV CON TE NTS AN INTRODUCTION TO VISUAl UNDERSTANDING 67 Keeping Your Eyes Open and Learning to See 68 A S trategy for Vis ual Underst anding 69 Looking an d Responding 70 Analyzing Images: Categorizing to Make Sense of What You See 71 FOCAL POINT AND EMPHASIS FIGURE- GROUND CONTRAST 71 73 GROUPING : PROXIMITY & SIMILARITY COLOR 76 CONTINUATION LINE 75 76 77 CLOSURE 77 NARRATION OR STORY CONTEXT 78 78 THE WHOLE COMPOSITION 79 Communicating What You See 82 A Sample Student Essay 83 T H EMES FOR WRITING STORIES 89 CONVERSING WITH IMAGES 91 Ma rk Doty, SOULS ON ICE 92 Bridge Fishing (for Stories): An Occasion fol' Writing 97 Bf· ,)l.t ,,N J A, r t· fl~A\/\f.1/\ 1f r, :'\( E r ·!i., -~ 1 Jl,f'J\t 11l't 11,!, I' I ·:I '•I n ,1\J I 97 Samuel Hubbard Scudder, LOOK AT YOUR FISH • • 97 100 More Than Meets the Eye: An Occasion for Wl'iting 103 103 104 I • CONTENTS ,John Berger, STEPS TOWARD A SMALL THEORY OF THE VISIBLE 106 Hearing and Seeing, a Basic Mystery: An Occasion for Writing 112 I 113 J H I c; A R CREATING WORD PORTRAITS AND IDEAS 113 116 Virginia Woolf, PORTRAIT OF A LONDONER 117 Creating Portraits: An Occasion for Writing 120 ll !, \t.~·H ,1 ' H :;'( IS Lll' ill~!·, 121 I iAN l • AN Of'i, W\ \ A \! - , • I I ' ~~~I ( I I 122 ~ ·' l 123 ' Richard Rodriguez, LATE VICTORIANS 124 Cities on the Hill: An Occasion for Writing 134 ~ ') 135 • 136 136 137 ,Jim W Corder, ACHING FOR A SELF 139 Using and Preserving the Self: An Occasion for Writing 146 \ r IJI)Vf l!R! ~(A 'VEx ISU.1, 146 147 IDENTITY 151 THE RACIAL SELF 152 Brent Staples, JUST WALK ON BY 153 Pre-Judging Public Space: An Occasion for Writing 156 156 v Vl CONTENTS Zora Neale Hurston, HOW IT FEELS TO BE COLORED ME 159 Presenting the Self: An Occasion for Writing 162 ~ JA a,, Ll SEL•-?mPPd ~~ , 111: , AND MARIA BETWEEN 1-\Y EYEBROWS [PA 163 FRIDA KAHlO, THE liTTlE HART [PAINT!NC 163 ADRIAN PIPER, SELF-PORTRAIT AS A NIU , I [PAINTING] ~~HW c; , 164 El C I KES INNER SELr OIETR1CH [PHOIQf,f\APH] t.1AR THE BEAUTY OF THE GENDERS Paul Fussell, UNIFORMS 233 \ 236 237 The Well-Dressed Man: An Occasion for Writing 240 ·~NC"R 1·1\P ' 241 I wrapping? c English Garden Consider as artists those who created the English garden and those who designed the tree-wrapping What have they made of nature? CHRISTO AND JEANNE-CLAUDE , Wrapped Trees {1998} 438 C H A PTE R N AT U R E A N T H E E N V I R N M E NT MOVING TOWARD ESSAY: OCCASIONS TO ANALYZE AND REFLECT How these images help you see, perhaps more clearly, what Cronon calls the "un- naturalness of so natural a place as nature"? What is natural and what is unnatural in these two images? Select at least two of the key terms (concepts) that Cronen uses to develop his ideas about wilderness-religious (sacred), wild, Other, natural, uncivilized How are those concepts reflected in these images? • The wrapping of the trees was done in November 1998 in a park around the Fondation Beyeler (Riehen, Switzerland) and in an adjacent meadow, along a creek The artists Christo and Jeanne-Claude designed the project and supervised the wrapping of 178 trees with 592,034 feet of woven polyester fabric and 14.35 miles of rope Does this monumental effort reveal nature to us or hide it from us? Explain Imagine that Christo and Jeanne-Claude had chosen some part of t he American wilderness in the West for their tree-wrappi ng project Would that project have complemented or called into question Frederick Jackson Turner's "frontier myth," described by Cronon in his essay? WRITING THOUGHTFULLY: OCCASIONS FOR IDEAS AND ESSAYS Cronon calls on us to see the "wildness" in our own backyards, whether we live inside or outside the city Write an essay in which you consider your own relationship to such wildness; so as a response to Cronen's appeal for us to learn how to "use nature." Write an essay in response to either Thoreau's claim that "In Wildness is the preserva· tion of the World" or Gary Snyder's clai m that wilderness is simply "a quality of one's own consciousness." Using Cronen's ideas about wilderness and the wild in conjunction with your own reading of two other essays in this chapter (Woolf, Reed, Dillard, Lopez, Zwinger), write an essay about the natural world that reveals your own most importa nt idea about it In your essay consider the relatio nship among the ideas expressed in all of your sources CALLING U R SElVES T QUEST I N: AN C CAS I N F R WRITING 439 cREATING OCCASIONS Visit a store dedicated to nature (such as the Nature Com pa ny) and write an essay ' that investigates the idea of nature that is on sale there Research The Gates, another project conceived and executed by Christo and Jeanne2 Claude in New York City's Central Park in 2005, or another of Ch risto's public art installations Write an essay t hat assesses the effectiveness of t his installation and its comment on nature working under the influence of Christo and Jeanne-Claude, design and explain an artistic project that will call to the public's attention an important idea about wilderness Design this project for a space of your own that calls into question the importance of either preservation or the use of the natural world ' .-· - -r ' I ' r '' ' ... Occasion for Writing 13 4 ~ ') 13 5 • 13 6 13 6 13 7 ,Jim W Corder, ACHING FOR A SELF 13 9 Using and Preserving the Self: An Occasion for Writing 14 6 r IJI)Vf l!R! ~(A 'VEx ISU .1, 14 6 14 7 IDENTITY 15 1... THE VISIBLE 10 6 Hearing and Seeing, a Basic Mystery: An Occasion for Writing 11 2 I 11 3 J H I c; A R CREATING WORD PORTRAITS AND IDEAS 11 3 11 6 Virginia Woolf, PORTRAIT OF A LONDONER 11 7 Creating... 34 513 12 11 CONTENTS t • ' RHETORICAL CONTENTS A BOUT THE AUTHORS PREFACE I XV 11 ' • XXl ••• X X 11 1 A BRI E F GU IDE T O WR ITI NG THE PRACTICE OF WRITING Why Am I Writing Essays? An Occasion for