Luận án Tiến sĩ Nghiên cứu quá điện áp sét và bảo vệ chống sét cho tua bin gió có kết nối lưới điện

Header Page of 146 LI CAM OAN Tụi xin cam oan õy l cụng trỡnh nghiờn cu ca riờng tụi Cỏc kt qu nờu lun ỏn l trung thc v cha tng cụng b bt k mt cụng trỡnh no i din th hng dn Tỏc gi PGS TS Trn Vn Tp Nguyn Quang Thun i Footer Page of 146 Header Page of 146 LI CM N Sau mt thi gian hc v nghiờn cu, tụi ó hon thnh lun ỏn ca mỡnh cú c kt qu ny, ngoi s n lc, tỡm tũi, hc hi, nghiờn cu ca bn thõn, tụi cng luụn nhn c s quan tõm, ng viờn, giỳp nhit tỡnh ca cỏc thy giỏo cụ giỏo, cỏc nh khoa hc, cỏc c quan, ng nghip, bn bố v gia ỡnh Trc tiờn, tụi xin chõn thnh cm n th giỏo viờn hng dn PGS.TS Trn Vn Tp v TS Phm Hng Thnh ó luụn tn tỡnh giỳp , hng dn, ch bo tụi sut quỏ trỡnh thc hin lun ỏn Tụi xin chõn thnh cm n cỏc thy cụ giỏo, cỏc nh khoa hc ca B mụn H thng in, Vin in, Vin o to sau i hc, Hi ng ỏnh giỏ lun ỏn cỏc cp v Ban giỏm hiu Trng i hc Bỏch khoa H Ni ó úng gúp nhiu ý kin quý bỏu v chuyờn mụn, to iu kin tt nht cho tụi quỏ trỡnh thc hin v bo v lun ỏn Tụi xin chõn thnh cm n PGS Marc Petit trng i hc Supelec, Cng hũa Phỏp ó giỳp , to iu kin tụi hon thin mt s ni dung quan trng ca lun ỏn thi gian nghiờn cu ti õy Tụi xin chõn thnh cm n Cụng ty c phn nng lng tỏi to Vit Nam (Vietnam Renewable Energy Joint Stock Company - REVN) - Ch u t d ỏn in giú Tuy Phong, Bỡnh Thun ó cung cp mt s thụng tin quan trng v h thng bo v chng sột ca cỏc tua bin giú thuc d ỏn Tụi xin chõn thnh cm n cỏc ng nghip, cỏc thy cụ giỏo, cỏc nh khoa hc v cỏc cp lónh o ca trng i hc Cụng nghip H Ni ó to iu kin, giỳp tụi mi mt sut thi gian nghiờn cu v thc hin lun ỏn Cui cựng, tụi cng xin c chõn thnh cm n bn bố v gia ỡnh ó luụn bờn cnh ng viờn, giỳp tụi hon thnh lun ỏn ny H ni, ngy 30 thỏng nm 2015 Tỏc gi lun ỏn Nguyn Quang Thun ii Footer Page of 146 Header Page of 146 MC LC LI CAM OAN i LI CM N ii DANH MC HèNH V vi DANH MC BNG BIU xi DANH MC CC Kí HIU V CH VIT TT xiii M u 1 Tớnh cp thit ca ti Mc ớch nghiờn cu ca lun ỏn i tng v phm vi nghiờn cu Phng phỏp nghiờn cu í ngha khoa hc v thc tin ca ti Nhng úng gúp ca lun ỏn Cu trỳc ca lun ỏn Chng TNG QUAN 1.1 TèNH HèNH PHT TRIN IN GIể TH GII 1.1.1 in giú núi chung 1.1.2 in giú ngoi 1.2 TèNH HèNH PHT TRIN IN GIể VIT NAM 10 1.2.1 Tim nng in giú 10 1.2.2 Cỏc d ỏn in giú hin 11 1.2.3 Chin lc thỳc y phỏt trin in giú 14 1.3 CễNG NGH IN GIể 14 1.3.1 Cu to ca WT 14 1.3.2 Kt ni h thng in giú 18 1.4 TNG QUAN H THNG BO V CHNG SẫT CHO TUA BIN GIể 21 1.4.1 Th gii 21 1.4.2 Vit Nam 26 1.5 TNG QUAN TèNH HèNH NGHIấN CU LIấN QUAN N LUN N 28 iii Footer Page of 146 Header Page of 146 1.5.1 Thụng s dũng in sột 28 1.5.2 Xỏc nh v trớ sột ỏnh trc tip vo WT 31 1.5.3 Xỏc nh s ln sột ỏnh trc tip WT 33 1.5.4 Nghiờn cu QA cm ng v lan truyn HT&K ca WT v WF 34 1.6 KT LUN 39 Chng XC NH S LN SẫT NH TRC TIP VO TUA BIN GIể 41 2.1 T VN 41 2.2 Mễ HèNH IN HèNH HC 42 2.3 CC PHNG PHP XC NH S LN SẫT NH TRC TIP TUA BIN GIể 44 2.3.1 Phng phỏp IEC 44 2.3.2 Phng phỏp EGM 45 2.4 XC NH S LN SẫT NH TRC TIP TUA BIN GIể LP T TI CC D N IN GIể VIT NAM 50 2.5 NHN XẫT 58 2.6 KT LUN 61 Chng PHN TCH QU IN P CM NG DO SẫT TRONG H THNG IN V IU KHIN CA TUA BIN GIể 62 3.1 T VN 62 3.2 Mễ HèNH CC PHN T CHO NGHIấN CU QU IN P CM NG 63 3.2.1 Cỏnh WT 64 3.2.2 Vnh trt - chi than 64 3.2.3 Ct tr v cỏc ng cỏp i ct tr 65 3.2.4 H thng ni t WT 68 3.2.5 Ngun in sột 68 3.2.6 Chng sột van (CSV) 69 3.3 LA CHN TUA BIN GIể V TNH TON CC THễNG S Mễ HèNH CHO NGHIấN CU QU IN P CM NG 72 3.4 KT QU Mễ PHNG QU IN P SẫT CM NG TRONG H THNG IN V IU KHIN CA TUA BIN GIể 74 3.4.1 QA sột cm ng HT&K ca WT khụng lp t CSV 74 iv Footer Page of 146 Header Page of 146 3.4.2 QA sột cm ng HT&K ca WT cú CSV 76 3.4.3 QA sột cm ng trờn cỏch in gia ct tr v cỏc ng cỏp 88 3.5 KT LUN 91 Chng PHN TCH QU IN P LAN TRUYN DO SẫT TRONG LI IN TRANG TRI GIể .93 4.1 T VN 93 4.2 Mễ HèNH CC PHN T CHO NGHIấN CU QU IN P SẫT LAN TRUYN TRONG TRANG TRI GIể 94 4.2.1 Mụ hỡnh ct tr WT 95 4.2.2 Mụ hỡnh mỏy bin ỏp 95 4.2.3 Mụ hỡnh ng dõy ti in 96 4.2.4 Mụ hỡnh h thng ni t 97 4.3 LA CHN TRANG TRI GIể V XC NH CC THễNG S Mễ HèNH CHO NGHIấN CU QU IN P SẫT LAN TRUYN 98 4.3.1 La chn trang tri giú 98 4.3.2 Kt qu tớnh toỏn cỏc thụng s mụ hỡnh cho nghiờn cu QA sột lan truyn WF ó la chn 101 4.4 PHN TCH QU IN P SẫT LAN TRUYN TRONG TRANG TRI GIể LA CHN 103 4.4.1 Khi sột ỏnh vo mt WT bt k WF 103 4.4.2 Khi sột ỏnh vo ng dõy trung ỏp trờn khụng kt ni WF vi h thng 112 4.4.3 Quỏ in ỏp sột lan truyn trang tri giú cú cu hỡnh khỏc 119 4.5 KT LUN 132 KT LUN V KIN NGH .134 KT LUN 134 KIN NGH 136 DANH MC CC CễNG TRèNH CễNG B 137 CA LUN N 137 TI LIU THAM KHO 138 v Footer Page of 146 Header Page of 146 DANH MC HèNH V Hỡnh 1.1 Tỡnh hỡnh phỏt trin cụng ngh in giú t nm 1987 n 2013 [6] Hỡnh 1.2 Biu tng trng cụng sut in giú th gii giai on 2002 - 2012 Hỡnh 1.3 Th phn in giú th gii theo cỏc chõu lc tớnh n nm 2012 Hỡnh 1.4 Biu 10 quc gia ng u th gii v cụng sut in giú Hỡnh 1.5 D bỏo cụng sut in giú th giú n 2020 [93] .9 Hỡnh 1.6 Biu cụng sut in giú ngoi ca quc gia ng u th gii [93] nh WF Tuy Phong, Bỡnh Thun [11] 12 nh WF ti huyn o Phỳ Quý, Bỡnh Thun [10] 12 nh WF trờn bin Bc Liờu [11] 13 Hỡnh 1.10 Phõn loi WT [6] 14 Hỡnh 1.11 Cu to ca WT loi trc ngang (HAWT) [39] .15 Hỡnh 1.12 Cu to ca cỏnh WT [6] 16 Hỡnh 1.13 S nguyờn lý kt ni li ca WT s dng loi mỏy phỏt SCIG 18 Hỡnh 1.14 S nguyờn lý kt ni li ca WT s dng loi mỏy phỏt DFIG 19 Hỡnh 1.15 S nguyờn lý kt ni li ca WT s dng loi mỏy phỏt PMSG 19 nh WF trờn t lin Helpershain v Ulrichstein - Helpershain, c [6] 21 nh WF ngoi Middelgrunden, an Mch [82] 21 Hỡnh 1.18 Biu t l h hng cỏc phn t ca WT sột 22 Hỡnh 1.19 Cỏc phng ỏn b trớ b phn thu sột trờn cỏnh WT [43] 22 Hỡnh 1.20 Mụ hỡnh qu cu ln xỏc nh vựng sột ỏnh vo WT [43] 24 Hỡnh 1.21 Cỏc vựng bo v theo cỏc phn t ca WT [43] 25 Hỡnh 1.22 V trớ lp t SPD (CSV) cho cỏc phn t (trong thựng, ct tr v di chõn ct tr) HT&K ca WT theo cỏc vựng bo v khỏc [43] 25 Hỡnh 1.23 ng dn dũng in sột ca WT xung h thng ni t [43] [45] 26 Hỡnh 1.24 ng dn sột t cỏnh qua vnh trt - chi than xung ni t ca WT [45] 27 Hỡnh 1.25 V trớ lp t CSV bo v chng QA sột cm ng v lan truyn cho cỏc phn t, thit b ca WT 1,5 ữ 2MW [58] hay c s dng ti Vit Nam 27 Hỡnh 1.26 Xỏc sut tớch ly biờn dũng in phúng in sột hng xung 29 Hỡnh 1.27 Xỏc sut tớch ly thi gian u súng ca dũng sột phúng in hng xung t u cc tớnh õm [16] 30 vi Footer Page of 146 Header Page of 146 Hỡnh 1.28 Xỏc nh im sột ỏnh WT [60] 31 a) Cỏnh v trớ 300 so vi trc honh; b) Cỏnh v trớ 600 so vi trc honh .31 Hỡnh 1.29 Mụ hỡnh thc nghim xỏc nh im sột ỏnh WT [21] 32 Hỡnh 2.1 Mụ hỡnh in hỡnh hc .42 Hỡnh 2.2 Din tớch thu hỳt sột tng ng ca WT trờn mt t theo phng phỏp IEC 44 Hỡnh 2.3 Din tớch thu sột tng ng ca WT trờn mt t theo phng phỏp EGM .46 Hỡnh 2.4 Chiu cao ca WT ph thuc v trớ gúc quay ca cỏnh 47 Hỡnh 2.5 Lu thut toỏn xỏc nh s ln sột ỏnh trc tip WT theo phng phỏp EGM 50 Hỡnh 2.6 Bn mt sột ca Vit Nam [13] .52 Hỡnh 2.7 S ln sột ỏnh trc tip WT cú chiu cao khỏc theo mt sột Vit Nam 53 Hỡnh 2.8 Mi quan h gia chiu cao ca WT vi s ln sột ỏnh (cựng mt sột Ng = 3,4) 58 Hỡnh 2.9 So sỏnh s ln sột ỏnh trc tip vo WT cú cụng sut (ng vi kớch thc) v mt sột khỏc theo phng phỏp IEC v EGM 59 Hỡnh 3.1 S b trớ cỏc phn t (a) v h thng bo v chng sột (b) ca WT 62 Hỡnh 3.2 Vnh trt - chi than dn dũng in sột t cỏnh qua ct tr xung h thng ni t ca WT hóng Schunk (a) v hóng Vestas (b) .64 Hỡnh 3.3 Mụ hỡnh mch tng ng trờn ng dn dũng sột qua ct tr WT 65 Hỡnh 3.4 Chỳ thớch cỏc kớch thc ct tr WT [64] .67 Hỡnh 3.5 Mụ hỡnh ngun in sột 68 Hỡnh 3.6 Mụ hỡnh CSV theo IEEE 70 Hỡnh 3.7 Mụ hỡnh CSV theo Pianceti - Gianettoni 71 Hỡnh 3.8 Cu to c bn ca loi cỏp ng trc [41] 72 Hỡnh 3.9 Dng súng dũng in sột s dng mụ phng 74 Hỡnh 3.10 Phõn b in th ti im: u (mu ), gia (mu xanh lỏ cõy) v im cui (mu xanh dng) trờn ng cỏp in (tớnh t nh xung chõn ct tr) .75 Hỡnh 3.11 Phõn b in th ti im: u (mu ), gia (mu xanh lỏ cõy) v im cui (mu xanh dng) trờn ng cỏp iu khin (tớnh t nh xung chõn ct tr) 75 Hỡnh 3.12 Súng QA cm ng trờn cỏch in ti hai u ng cỏp in v cỏp iu khin 76 Hỡnh 3.13 ng c tớnh V-A ca CSV lp t ti hai u ng cỏp in .77 Hỡnh 3.14 ng c tớnh V-A ca CSV lp t ti hai u ng cỏp iu khin 77 vii Footer Page of 146 Header Page of 146 Hỡnh 3.15 So sỏnh in th cm ng ti u ng cỏp in phớa nh (a) v phớa chõn (b) ct tr khụng lp t (mu ) v lp t CSV (mu xanh lỏ cõy) 78 Hỡnh 3.16 So sỏnh in th cm ng ti u ng cỏp iu khin phớa nh (a) v phớa chõn (b) ct tr khụng lp t (mu ) v lp t CSV (mu xanh lỏ cõy) .79 Hỡnh 3.17 So sỏnh QA sột cm ng tỏc ng lờn cỏch in cỏp iu khin phớa nh (a) v phớa chõn (b) ct tr khụng lp t (mu ) v lp t CSV (mu xanh lỏ cõy) .81 Hỡnh 3.18 So sỏnh QA sột cm ng trờn cỏch in cỏp in phớa nh (mu ) v chõn ct tr (mu xanh lỏ cõy) 82 Hỡnh 3.19 So sỏnh QA sột cm ng trờn cỏch in cỏp iu khin phớa nh (mu ) v chõn ct tr (mu xanh lỏ cõy) 82 Dng súng ca dũng in phúng qua CSV lp t ti u (phớa nh ct tr) v CSV lp t ti cui (phớa chõn ct tr) ca ng cỏp in c so sỏnh trờn hỡnh 3.20a, cũn ng cỏp iu khin trờn hỡnh 3.20b Trong ú, mu l dũng in phúng qua CSV lp t ti u, cũn mu xanh lỏ cõy l dũng in phúng qua CSV lp t ti cui ng cỏp in v cỏp iu khin 83 Hỡnh 3.20 Dũng in qua cỏc CSV lp t ti hai u cỏp in (a) v cỏp iu khin (b) 84 Hỡnh 3.21 Biờn QA sột cm ng ln nht trờn cỏch in cỏp phớa nh ct tr 84 theo tr s in tr ni t 84 Hỡnh 3.22 Biờn QA sột cm ng ln nht trờn cỏch in cỏp phớa chõn ct tr 85 theo tr s in tr ni t 85 Hỡnh 3.23 Biờn QA sột cm ng ln nht trờn cỏch in ca cỏc ng cỏp phớa nh ct tr theo biờn dũng in sột khỏc 86 Hỡnh 3.24 Biờn QA sột cm ng ln nht trờn cỏch in ca cỏc ng cỏp phớa chõn ct tr theo biờn dũng in sột khỏc 86 Hỡnh 3.25 Biờn QA sột cm ng ln nht trờn cỏch in cỏc cỏp phớa nh v chõn ct tr theo thi gian u súng dũng in sột 87 Hỡnh 3.26 Súng QA sột cm ng phõn b trờn cỏch in gia ct tr vi cỏp in (a) v cỏp iu khin (b) t nh xung chõn ct tr 88 Hỡnh 3.27 S thut toỏn xỏc nh khong cỏch an ton lp t ng cỏp so vi ct tr 90 Hỡnh 4.1 Mt mụ hỡnh WF ni li tiờu biu 93 Hỡnh 4.2 Mụ hỡnh MBA 95 Hỡnh 4.3 S thay th ca in cc ni t chụn nm ngang .97 Hỡnh 4.4 Mụ hỡnh WF tnh Ninh Thun 99 Hỡnh 4.5 Mụ hỡnh mụ phng ca WF tnh Ninh Thun EMTP 100 viii Footer Page of 146 Header Page of 146 Hỡnh 4.6 c tớnh V-A ca CSV h ỏp (0,69kV) 102 Hỡnh 4.7 c tớnh V-A ca CSV trung ỏp (22kV) 103 Hỡnh 4.8 Súng QA (pha A) phớa cao ỏp ca cỏc MBA WT1 n WT5 104 Hỡnh 4.9 Súng QA (pha A) phớa h ỏp ca cỏc mỏy bin ỏp WT1 n WT5 .104 Hỡnh 4.10 Súng QA phớa cao ỏp ca MBA WT1 theo ba giỏ tr thi gian u súng dũng in sột: 1,2s, 5s v 10s (cựng biờn 30kA) 105 Hỡnh 4.11 Súng QA phớa h ỏp ca MBA WT1 theo ba giỏ tr thi gian u súng dũng in sột: 1,2s, 5s v 10s (cựng biờn 30kA) 105 Hỡnh 4.12 Súng QA phớa cao ỏp MBA WT1 theo tr s in tr ni t 106 Hỡnh 4.13 Súng QA phớa h ỏp MBA WT1 theo tr s in tr ni t .107 Hỡnh 4.14 Biờn QA phớa cao ỏp v h ỏp MBA WT1 theo tr s in tr ni t 107 Hỡnh 4.15 So sỏnh súng QA phớa cao ỏp MBA WT1 theo hỡnh thc ni t c lp (1) v ni t chung (2) 108 Hỡnh 4.16 Súng QA phớa cao ỏp MBA WT2 n WT5 theo hỡnh thc ni t c lp (1) v ni t chung (2), ú a) WT2, b) WT3, c) WT4 v d) WT5 108 Hỡnh 4.17 Súng QA phớa h ỏp MBA WT1 theo hỡnh thc ni t c lp (1) v hỡnh thc ni t chung (2) 109 Hỡnh 4.18 Súng QA phớa h ỏp MBA WT2 n WT5 theo hỡnh thc ni t c lp (mu ) v ni t chung (mu xanh), ú a) WT2, b) WT3, c)WT4 v d) WT5 110 Hỡnh 4.19 Súng QA phớa cao ỏp MBA WT1 n WT5 sột vo cỏc WT ny 111 Hỡnh 4.20 Súng QA phớa h ỏp MBA WT1 n WT5 sột ỏnh vo cỏc WT ny 111 Hỡnh 4.21 Dũng phúng in qua cỏc CSV phớa cao ỏp ca MBA WT1 n WT5 sột ỏnh vo cỏc WT ny 112 Hỡnh 4.22 QA (pha A) phớa cao ỏp ca MBA WT1 theo v trớ sột ỏnh vo ng dõy khụng treo DCS: (1) mu , (2) mu xanh lỏ cõy v (3) mu xanh dng 113 Hỡnh 4.23 QA (pha A) phớa h ỏp ca MBA WT1 theo v trớ sột ỏnh ng dõy khụng treo DCS: (1) mu , (2) mu xanh lỏ cõy v (3) mu xanh dng 113 Hỡnh 4.24 So sỏnh QA (pha A) phớa h ỏp (mu nõu ) v cao ỏp (mu xanh dng) ca MBA WT1 theo v trớ sột ỏnh ng dõy khụng treo DCS: (1), (2) v (3) 113 Hỡnh 4.25 Súng QA phớa cao ỏp ca MBA WT1 n WT5 114 Hỡnh 4.26 Súng QA phớa h ỏp ca MBA WT1 n WT5 114 Hỡnh 4.27 QA (pha A) phớa cao ỏp ca MBA WT1 sột ỏnh vo DCS theo cỏc v trớ: (1) mu , (2) mu xanh lỏ cõy v (3) mu xanh dng 115 ix Footer Page of 146 Header Page 10 of 146 Hỡnh 4.28 QA (pha A) phớa h ỏp ca MBA WT1 sột ỏnh vo DCS theo cỏc v trớ: (1) mu , (2) mu xanh lỏ cõy v (3) mu xanh dng 115 Hỡnh 4.29 So sỏnh biờn QA (pha A) phớa h ỏp (mu nõu ) v cao ỏp (mu xanh dng) ca MBA WT1 sột ỏnh vo DCS theo cỏc v trớ (1), (2) v (3) 116 Hỡnh 4.30 So sỏnh súng QA (pha A) ti phớa cao ỏp (a) v h ỏp (b) ca MBA WT1 sột ỏnh vo ng dõy treo v khụng treo DCS cựng v trớ (1) 117 Hỡnh 4.31 So sỏnh súng QA (pha A) phớa cao ỏp ca MBA WT1 trng hp ng dõy trờn khụng khụng DCS, cú DCS (i) v cú DCS kt hp CSV (ii) 118 Hỡnh 4.32 So sỏnh súng QA (pha A) phớa h ỏp ca MBA WT1 trng hp ng dõy trờn khụng khụng DCS, cú DCS (i) v cú DCS kt hp CSV (ii) 118 Hỡnh 4.33 Cu hỡnh A 120 Hỡnh 4.34 Cu hỡnh B 121 Hỡnh 4.35 Cu hỡnh C 122 Hỡnh 4.36 Cu hỡnh D 122 Hỡnh 4.37 QA phớa cao ỏp (a) v phớa h ỏp (b) sột ỏnh vo WT1 theo cỏc cu hỡnh khỏc .126 Hỡnh 4.38 QA phớa cao ỏp (a) v phớa h ỏp (b) sột ỏnh vo WT2 theo cỏc cu hỡnh khỏc .126 Hỡnh 4.39 QA phớa cao ỏp (a) v phớa h ỏp (b) sột ỏnh vo WT3 theo cỏc cu hỡnh khỏc .126 Hỡnh 4.40 QA phớa cao ỏp (a) v phớa h ỏp (b) sột ỏnh vo WT4 theo cỏc cu hỡnh khỏc .127 Hỡnh 4.41 QA phớa cao ỏp (a) v phớa h ỏp (b) sột ỏnh vo WT5 theo cỏc cu hỡnh khỏc .127 Hỡnh 4.42 So sỏnh biờn QA phớa cao ỏp ca MBA WT1 n WT5 sột ỏnh vo cỏc WT ny, dũng sột 30kA (1,2/50s) theo cỏc cu hỡnh khỏc 128 Hỡnh 4.43 So sỏnh biờn QA phớa h ỏp ca MBA WT1 n WT5 sột ỏnh vo cỏc WT ny, dũng sột 30kA (1,2/50s) theo cỏc cu hỡnh khỏc 128 Hỡnh 4.44 QA phớa cao ỏp (a) v phớa h ỏp (b) sột ỏnh vo ng dõy 22kV kt ni WF vi li h thng theo cỏc cu hỡnh khỏc .130 Hỡnh 4.45 QA phớa cao ỏp v phớa h ỏp ca MBA WT1 n WT5 sột ỏnh vo ng dõy 22kV kt ni WF vi li h thng theo cỏc cu hỡnh khỏc 131 x Footer Page 10 of 146 Header Page 145 of 146 4.5 KT LUN Trong chng 4, tỏc gi ó thc hin c mt s sau: 1) Trỡnh by cỏc nguyờn nhõn phỏt sinh QA sột lan truyn li in WF cú kt ni li in 2) Trỡnh by phng phỏp mụ hỡnh cỏc phn t, thit b liờn quan cho nghiờn cu QA lan truyn li in WF 3) La chn WF in hỡnh ca Vit Nam v tớnh toỏn, la chn thụng s mụ hỡnh cỏc phn t, thit b liờn quan cho nghiờn cu QA sột 4) Nghiờn cu, xem xột cỏc yu t nh hng n QA lan truyn li in WF ó la chn nh v trớ sột ỏnh, thụng s dũng in sột, h thng ni t, cu hỡnh WF Kt qu cho thy: a) Khi sột ỏnh vo mt WT bt k WF - Thi gian u súng nguy him ph thuc vo quỏ trỡnh truyn súng (phn x v khỳc x) gia cỏc WT lõn cn Khi thi gian truyn súng gia cỏc WT lõn cn gn vi thi gian u súng, hin tng cng hng s gõy QA rt ln trờn cỏc WT - d dng phi hp bo v, m bo an ton cho cỏc phn t, thit b WF nờn thc hin ni t ti mi WT cú tr s nh nht cú th, ng thi nờn s dng h thng ni t chung b) Khi sột ỏnh ng dõy trờn khụng ni WF vi li h thng - Khi ng dõy ny khụng treo DCS, QA sột truyn vo WF cú biờn ln vỡ QA sột truyn trờn dõy pha vo WF ch c hn ch mt phn rt nh tn tht t nhiờn trờn ng dõy - Trờn on ng dõy trờn khụng 22kV trc ni vi WF (ớt nht 300m) nờn treo DCS, vỡ ú mt phn ln dũng in sột c tn xung h thng ni t ti chõn cỏc ct in lm gim biờn QA truyn vo li in WF ỏng k so vi khụng treo DCS Tuy nhiờn DCS cng ch hn ch c QA li in cao ỏp ca WF (22kV) n mc an ton, cũn phớa h ỏp ln hn nhiu so vi mc in ỏp xung (BIL) yờu cu Do ú gim QA phớa h ỏp ca cỏc WT xung tr s an ton, nờn treo DCS kt hp lp t CSV ti v trớ u ni ng dõy trờn khụng vi ng cỏp ngm ca WF 132 Footer Page 145 of 146 Header Page 146 of 146 5) Kt qu mụ phng tớnh toỏn QA cu hỡnh WF (A, B, C v D) cho thy, cu hỡnh B (kt ni cỏc WT hỡnh sao) cú s lng WT nhiu nht phi chu mc QA nguy him, cu hỡnh C (u ni WT mch vũng tam giỏc) cú s lng WT ớt nht phi chu mc QA nguy him so vi cỏc cu hỡnh cũn li Vỡ th, la chn cu hỡnh WF no u t xõy dng cng nờn xột n iu kin quỏ in ỏp lan truyn cú phng ỏn bo v chng sột thớch hp 133 Footer Page 146 of 146 Header Page 147 of 146 KT LUN V KIN NGH KT LUN Kt qu nghiờn cu v úng gúp mi ca lun ỏn c th hin nhng im sau õy: 1) Tng hp c s lý lun, ỏnh giỏ cỏc cụng trỡnh nghiờn cu liờn quan, xỏc nh ni dung lun ỏn cn i sõu gii quyt 2) ỏnh giỏ, xut s dng phng phỏp xỏc nh s ln sột ỏnh trc tip WT trung bỡnh hng nm trờn c s lý thuyt mụ hỡnh in hỡnh hc (EGM) Phng phỏp EGM xem xột n c im khỏc bit ca WT (cú cỏc cỏnh luụn quay giú) so vi cỏc cụng trỡnh tnh nh trm bin ỏp, ng dõy ti in Phng phỏp EGM cng ó c tỏc gi ng dng tớnh toỏn s ln sột ỏnh cho WT cú di chiu cao (ng vi cụng sut phỏt) khỏc c lp t, hnh ti cỏc vựng cú mt sột khỏc Vit Nam Kt qu tớnh toỏn s ln sột ỏnh trc tip i vi cỏc WT cú kớch thc khỏc c lp t nhng vựng cú mt sột khỏc ti Vit Nam cú th dựng lm ti liu tra cu, tham kho cho cỏc ch u t cng nh cỏc nh t vn, thit k, xõy dng cỏc d ỏn in giú Vit Nam 3) Khi cỏc WT b sột ỏnh, trờn ng dn dũng sột qua ct tr thộp rng (trong ú cú lp t cỏc ng cỏp in v iu khin), s thay i t trng ca dũng in sột v in trng trờn cỏc in dung ký sinh gia ct tr vi t, ct tr vi cỏc ng cỏp s xut hin QA sột cm ng gõy nguy him cho cỏc phn t, thit b HT&K ca WT Mụ hỡnh mch in tng ng vi cỏc thụng s ri u trờn mi on di ca ng dn dũng in sột qua ct tr ca lun ỏn cho phộp tớnh toỏn tr s QA sột cm ng trờn cỏc thit b in v thit b iu khin ca WT in hỡnh ti Vit Nam Bng vic s dng phn mm ATP/EMTP, tỏc gi ó tin hnh nghiờn cu, mụ phng, xem xột s nh hng ca: CSV, tr s in tr ni t ct tr, thụng s dũng in sột, khong cỏch lp t ng cỏp in (iu khin) n QA sột cm ng HT&K ca WT T ú, tỏc gi phõn tớch, ỏnh giỏ rỳt cỏc kt lun nhm gim QA sột cm ng HT&K ca WT, gúp phn nõng cao tin cy v hnh an ton cho cỏc phn t - thit b ca WT 134 Footer Page 147 of 146 Header Page 148 of 146 4) Khi mt WT no ú WF b sột ỏnh, ngoi cỏc phn t ca chớnh WT ú b nguy him, thỡ cỏc thit b khỏc li in WF cng cú th b nguy him QA sột lan truyn Hai nguyờn nhõn c bn gõy nờn QA sột lan truyn li in WF l do: i) Sột ỏnh trc tip vo WT, dũng in sột ln tn xung h thng ni t s xut hin hin tng dũng in sột xụng ngc t t h thng ni t (ca WT b sột ỏnh) qua cỏc CSV, cỏc in dung ký sinh gia cỏc cun dõy ca MBA so vi t, v ii) Sột ỏnh vo ng dõy trung ỏp trờn khụng kt ni vi WF ó c xut nghiờn cu lun ỏn Phng phỏp mụ hỡnh cỏc phn t liờn quan cho nghiờn cu QA sột lan truyn li in WF cng c tng hp gii thiu lun ỏn Cỏc thụng s mụ hỡnh cỏc phn t thit b liờn quan ó c tớnh toỏn ỏp dng nghiờn cu, phõn tớch, ỏnh giỏ QA sột lan truyn (do hai nguyờn nhõn k trờn) WF in hỡnh ti Vit Nam bng phn mm ATP/EMTP 5) Tng hp cỏc mụ hỡnh mụ phng EMTP ca cỏc thnh phn WF cho nghiờn cu quỏ in ỏp sột cm ng v lan truyn, lm c s hu ớch cho cỏc nghiờn cu sau ny liờn quan n quỏ in ỏp sột WF Trờn c s phn mm ATP/EMTP, lun ỏn ó lm rừ cỏc yu t nh hng n tr s quỏ in ỏp lan truyn mt WF nh thụng s dũng in sột (biờn v thi gian u súng), khong cỏch gia cỏc WT mt WF, v trớ sột ỏnh, phng thc ni t v tr s in tr ni t, DCS v CSV, hỡnh thc kt ni cỏc WT WF T ú xut cỏc bin phỏp nhm gim thiu mc nh hng ca quỏ in ỏp sột n cỏch in ca thit b c phớa cao ỏp v h ỏp ca MBA tng ỏp ca tua bin giú 6) Nghiờn cu quỏ in ỏp sột cỏc cu hỡnh WF khỏc cho thy, cu hỡnh kt ni cỏc WT WF theo dng mch vũng tam giỏc (cu hỡnh C) s cho kt qu s lng WT ớt phi chu mc QA sột nguy him nht so vi cỏc cu hỡnh WF cũn li Cỏc kt lun trờn õy cú th coi l cỏc gi ý quan trng giỳp cỏc nh t vn, thit k v lp t cỏc d ỏn in giú thc hin cỏc bin phỏp bo v chng sột hiu qu nhm nõng cao tin cy v an ton cho cỏc phn t, thit b ca WT (WF) ó, ang v s c xõy dng Vit Nam 135 Footer Page 148 of 146 Header Page 149 of 146 KIN NGH Mc dự ó t c mt s kt qu bc u, lun ỏn cng m mt s hng nghiờn cu bi toỏn xỏc nh QA sột cm ng HT&K ca WT v QA sột lan truyn li in WF c gii quyt trn hn, ú l: 1) Mụ hỡnh tớnh toỏn QA sột cm ng mi ch da vo mụ hỡnh in trng n gin, vi dũng in sột cú tr s ln v bin thiờn nhanh thỡ thnh phn QA t trng bin thiờn cng cn c tớnh n cú kt qu chớnh xỏc hn 2) Cỏc mụ hỡnh cỏnh, ct tr, h thng ni t u s dng mụ hỡnh n gin m cha tớnh n kớch thc thc t, vt liu v s nh hng ca cỏc thnh phn lõn cn n tr s tng tr súng ca chỳng 3) nh hng ca hin tng phúng in t dũng in sột ln, hin tng ngu hp gia cỏc in cc h thng ni t cha c tớnh n Xem xột hin tng tn dũng in sột t nh hng n s phõn b in th khu vc WF cú bin phỏp hn ch in ỏp bc gõy nguy him cho ngi xut hin khu vc ny cng cn c tớnh n 4) Cỏc tham s u vo ca dũng in sột mụ phng u s dng cỏc giỏ tr c thng kờ trờn th gii tr s trung bỡnh, cha s dng c kt qu o c i vi tng khu vc c th ca Vit Nam 5) Vic ỏnh giỏ cỏc bin s u vo nh thụng s dũng in sột (biờn v thi gian u súng ca dũng in sột bin thiờn ngu nhiờn), v trớ sột ỏnh, hỡnh thc ni t v tr s in tr ni t, v trớ lp t cỏp, lp t cỏc CSV n QA sột h thng in giú trờn c s phng phỏp ỏnh giỏ nhy cha c xem xột Khi thc hin c iu ny s a cỏc khuyn cỏo tng i c th (nh lng) khoa hc, bin s no cú tỏc ng mnh v hiu qu kinh t nht hn ch QA sột h thng in giú 136 Footer Page 149 of 146 Header Page 150 of 146 DANH MC CC CễNG TRèNH CễNG B CA LUN N Thuan Q Nguyen, Thinh Pham, Top V Tran (2013), Analysis of overvoltage cause by lightning in windfarm, Journal of Science & Technology Technical Universities, No 95, p.46-50 Thuan Q Nguyen, Thinh H Pham, Top V Tran (2014), Calculation de la tension induite dans des cõbles de contrụle et ộlectrique dans une turbine ộolienne, Confộrence Francophone sur l'Eco-conception en Gộnie Electrique 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