Exploring management 3rd ch16

Exploring Management Chapter 16 Diversity and Global Cultures Chapter 16 • What should we know about diversity in the workplace? • What should we know about diversity among global cultures? 16.1 Diversity in the Workplace • There is a business case for diversity • Inclusive organizational cultures value and support diversity • Organizational subcultures can create diversity challenges • Minorities and women suffer diversity bias in many situations • Managing diversity should be a top leadership priority DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Business and Diversity • Diversity – Race, gender, age and many other individual differences • Inclusivity – Degree to which an organization is open to any one who can perform a job regardless of race, gender, age or any other individual difference DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Business and Diversity • Multi-cultural organization – Based on pluralism and operates with inclusivity and respect for diversity DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Business and Diversity • Organizational subcultures – Groups that share interests or characteristics • Occupations • Ethnicity • Religion • Gender • Generations DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Business and Diversity • Glass Ceiling – Career advancement barrier to women and minorities DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Business and Diversity • Biculturalism – Minority members adopt characteristics of majority cultures in order to succeed DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Managing Diversity • Affirmative action – Management commitment to hiring and advancing women and minorities • Valuing differences – Education and training to understand and respect differences • Managing diversity – Building an inclusive network that allows everyone to reach his or her potential DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Managing Diversity 16.2 Global Cultures • Culture shock comes from discomfort in cross-cultural situations • Cultural intelligence is the capacity to adapt to foreign cultures • The “silent” languages of cultures include context, time and space • Hofstede identifies five value differences among national cultures • Country clusters show cultural differences GLOBAL CULTURES Culture Shock • Culture shock comes from discomfort in cross-cultural situations • Stages include: Confusion Small victories Honeymoon Irritation and anger Reality GLOBAL CULTURES Cultural Intelligence • Cultural intelligence includes – Self awareness – Flexibility – Sensitivity – Willingness to learn – Willingness to modify behavior GLOBAL CULTURES Cultures • Low-context – Emphasize communication via spoken or written words • High-context – Rely on unspoken or situational cues as well as spoken or written words in communication GLOBAL CULTURES Cultures • Monochronic – People tend to one thing at a time • Polychronic – People accomplish many different things at once GLOBAL CULTURES Cultures • Proxemics – How people use interpersonal space to communicate GLOBAL CULTURES Culture • Hofstede’s five value differences among national cultures: Power Distance • The degree to which a society accepts unequal distribution of power Uncertainty Avoidance • The degree to which a society tolerates risk and uncertainty Individualism-collectivism • The degree to which a society emphasizes individuals and their self-interests Masculinity-femininity • The degree to which a society values assertiveness and materialism versus relationships, feelings and quality of life Time Orientation • The degree to which a society values short term or long term goals GLOBAL CULTURES Hofstede’s Five Values GLOBAL CULTURES Cultures • Ecological fallacy – Mistaken belief that a generalization about a culture applies equally to everyone in that culture – Example: does he represent all Americans? GLOBE Dimensions • Power distance • Uncertainty avoidance • Gender egalitarianism • Future orientation • Institutional collectivism • In-group collectivism • Assertiveness • Performance orientation • Humane orientation ... cultures in order to succeed DIVERSITY IN THE WORKPLACE Managing Diversity • Affirmative action – Management commitment to hiring and advancing women and minorities • Valuing differences – Education