4 4 20 lewis and clarks packing list (social studies)

Lewis and Clark’s Packing List by Kate Johanns H O UG H T O N MIF F L IN Lewis and Clark’s Packing List by Kate Johanns ILLUSTRATION CREDIT: Susan Carlson PHOTOGRAPHY CREDITS: Cover © Newell Convers Wyeth/The Bridgeman Art Library/Getty Library; © HMCo.; © Ryan McVay/Getty Images; © Thomas Jefferson (1743–1826) (colour litho) by Rembrandt Peale (1778–1860); © Private Collection/ Peter Newark American Pictures/The Bridgeman Art Library; © North Wind Picture Archives/Alamy; © HMCo.; 10 © tbkmedia.de/Alamy; 14 © Newell Convers Wyeth/The Bridgeman Art Library/Getty Library Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company All rights reserved No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system without the prior written permission of the copyright owner unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law With the exception of nonprofit transcription into Braille, Houghton Mifflin is not authorized to grant permission for further uses of this work Permission must be obtained from the individual copyright owner as identified herein Address requests for permission to make copies of Houghton Mifflin material to School Permissions, Houghton Mifflin Company, 222 Berkeley Street, Boston, MA 02116 Printed in China ISBN-13: 978-0-547-02318-2 ISBN-10: 0-547-02318-9 RRD 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 What would you pack for a weekend camping trip? How about food, clothing, and a small stove? Don’t forget your tent, sleeping bag, and a map to help you identify important landmarks such as lakes Two days of camping can take a lot of preparation What would you if your trip were to last two years over a route that had never been explored? What would you pack for a camping trip? President Jefferson’s Idea In the early 1800s, explorers Meriwether Lewis and William Clark had to pack for the camping trip of their lives President Thomas Jefferson had asked them to explore the land beyond the Mississippi River They would lead a group called the Corps of Discovery The United States purchased this land they would explore from France The new land was known as the Louisiana Territory President Jefferson bought the land for only three cents an acre An acre is almost as big as a football field! The Louisiana Purchase doubled the size of the United States President Thomas Jefferson was very interested in learning about the Louisiana Territory President Jefferson proposed the expedition because he wanted information about the new territory Most of all, he wanted to find a route to the Pacific Ocean following the Missouri and Columbia rivers Before railroads were invented, waterways were the fastest way to travel The Lewis and Clark Expedition Columbia River Missouri River End of Journey, November 1805 ROCKY Fort Mandan (Lewis and Clark meet Sacagawea) Missouri River MO UN TA Start of Journey, May 1804 IN S Lewis and Clark Journey west Lewis and Clark’s route was a challenging journey through unexplored land A Tough Packing Job Lewis and Clark left from near St Louis, Missouri, in May 1804 Survival would depend on the supplies they took with them or found along the way The Corps of Discovery included about 45 people They started out in boats All supplies had to fit in their 55-foot keelboat and two open boats called pirogues (PEA-rohs) When the corps could not travel by boat, they walked or traded with Native Americans for horses On land, they could only take as much as they could carry Otherwise, their travels would be very clumsy Food for the Journey The explorers would have to live off the land They brought guns and knives for hunting In case they couldn’t find any food, Lewis and Clark brought a portable soup—a thick paste made from dried boiled beef and dried vegetables They brought 193 pounds of it with them That’s a lot of soup! Meriwether Lewis William Clark Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were brave leaders and explorers Lewis and Clark packed 4,600 sewing needles, 144 pairs of scissors, and 130 rolls of tobacco to give to Native Americans Help from Native Americans Lewis and Clark knew they would not succeed without some friends in the new territory They packed gifts for the Native Americans they would meet In return, they hoped for information about native plants and animals and advice on how to travel on dangerous land Staying Warm and Dry Most Corps of Discovery members were soldiers who brought along fancy uniforms These uniforms impressed Native Americans However, these uniforms weren’t strong enough or warm enough for the entire journey Lewis bought ordinary clothes including 45 flannel shirts, 20 coats, and 15 pairs of wool overalls to keep the explorers warm He also bought plenty of blankets The explorers’ clothes didn’t last the entire journey They had to make new clothes Native Americans taught the explorers how to make pants, shirts, and even shoes from animal skins Lewis’s dog, Seaman, was a Newfoundland Special Purchases Lewis thought of another very special supply to bring along He purchased a dog to accompany the explorers on their journey The dog’s name was Seaman Lewis wrote in his journal that Seaman would hunt squirrels along the route, and the explorers would fry them to eat for meals 10 President Jefferson gave Lewis and Clark $2,500 to buy supplies They spent much of it on things they knew they couldn’t buy along the way, such as medicine Lewis and Clark gathered record-keeping instruments such as compasses and a telescope They also bought a dictionary and books about plants and animals President Jefferson was interested in plants, animals, and geography It would be the explorers’ duty to keep detailed journals about nature After the journey, they would share the information with the people back home 11 Lewis and Clark’s Packing List Mathematical Instruments • Compasses • Telescope • Thermometers Camp Supplies • 150 yards of cloth for tents and sheets • Pliers, chisels, and handsaws • Mosquito curtains • 10 ½ pounds of fishing hooks and fishing lines • 12 pounds of soap • 193 pounds of “portable soup” • Writing paper, ink, and crayons Presents for Native Americans • 12 dozen pocket mirrors • 4,600 sewing needles • 144 pairs of small scissors • 10 pounds of sewing thread • Silk ribbons • Handkerchiefs • Bright-colored cloth • 288 knives • brass kettles • 33 pounds of beads 12 Clothing • 45 flannel shirts • Coats • Shoes • Wool pants Arms and Ammunition • 15 rifles • Knives • 420 pounds of lead for bullets • 176 pounds of gunpowder Medicine and Medical Supplies • 50 dozen Dr Rush’s patented “Rush’s pills” Traveling Library • Dictionary • Books about plants and minerals • Map of the Missouri River 13 Planning Paid Off Lewis and Clark made friends with some Native Americans along the route, including their interpreter, Sacagawea In turn, the Native Americans helped them with food, travel, and survival Lewis and Clark’s planning paid off The expedition reached the Pacific Ocean in November 1805 Lewis and Clark recieved help from Native Americans like Sacagewea during their journey 14 Responding Word Builder Many of your vocabulary words are nouns One of them, supplies, is plural Plural means more than one What other vocabulary words can also be made plural? Copy and complete the chart below TARGET VOCABULARY Singular Plural supply supplies duty duties ? ? ? ? Write About It Text to Self Write a journal entry about your trip to school each morning Describe the buildings and landmarks that you see along the way Include at least two words from the word builder in your paragraph 15 TARGET VOCABULARY accompany clumsy corps duty interpreter landmark proposed route supplies territory Visualize Use text details to form pictures in your mind of what you are reading TARGET STRATEGY Which vocabulary word has something in common with the following words: dollhouse, cupcake, and downstairs? 16 Level: Q DRA: 40 Social Studies Strategy: Visualize Word Count: 936 4.4.20 Build Vocabulary HOUGHTON MIFFLIN Online Leveled Books ISBN-13: 978-0-547-02318-2 ISBN-10: 0-547-02318-9 1032226 ... Journey, November 1805 ROCKY Fort Mandan (Lewis and Clark meet Sacagawea) Missouri River MO UN TA Start of Journey, May 1804 IN S Lewis and Clark Journey west Lewis and Clark’s route was a challenging... soup! Meriwether Lewis William Clark Meriwether Lewis and William Clark were brave leaders and explorers Lewis and Clark packed 4,600 sewing needles, 144 pairs of scissors, and 130 rolls of tobacco... live off the land They brought guns and knives for hunting In case they couldn’t find any food, Lewis and Clark brought a portable soup—a thick paste made from dried boiled beef and dried vegetables