3 4 20 emperor penguins (science)

H O UG H T O N MIF F L IN by Stephanie Cohen ILLUSTRATION CREDIT: Joe LeMonnier PHOTOGRAPHY CREDITS: Cover © Johnny Johnson/Animals Animals-Earth Scenes © Frans Lanting/Minden Pictures Hans Reinhard/Photo Researchers, Inc National Geographic/Getty Images Hans Reinhard/Photo Researchers, Inc © DOUG ALLAN/OSF/Animals Animals-Earth Scenes Hans Reinhard/Photo Researchers, Inc © Frans Lanting/ Minden Pictures © Kevin Schafer/CORBIS 10 © Johnny Johnson/Animals Animals-Earth Scenes Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Company All rights reserved No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system without the prior written permission of the copyright owner unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law With the exception of nonprofit transcription into Braille, Houghton Mifflin is not authorized to grant permission for further uses of this work Permission must be obtained from the individual copyright owner as identified herein Address requests for permission to make copies of Houghton Mifflin material to School Permissions, Houghton Mifflin Company, 222 Berkeley Street, Boston, MA 02116 Printed in China ISBN-13: 978-0-547-02163-8 ISBN-10: 0-547-02163-1 RRD 15 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 Parent Time It is June in Antarctica The region is very cold The sun won’t shine much for months But the Emperor penguins are busy It is time for the penguin mothers to lay their eggs The penguin fathers will help care for the eggs Emperor penguin parents work as a team to care for their eggs and chicks Emperor penguins spend most of their time in the water, looking for food Fun Fact The smallest penguin is the little blue, or fairy, penguin It is only 12 inches tall A Big Bird The Emperor penguin is the largest penguin It can grow to be four feet tall That’s as tall as a six-year-old child Keeping Warm During the summer, penguins eat a lot By the time winter arrives, they have a thick layer of fat It keeps them warm in this cold climate The penguins’ feathers help keep them warm, too, but not overheated The penguins march across the ice, looking for a place to lay their eggs Fun Fact There are 14 different kinds of penguins All North America of them live south of the Equator, on the bottom half of Earth Equator Europe Asia Africa South America Australia Where the penguins are SOUTHERN OCEAN Antarctica Where’s the Nest? The mother penguin lays only one egg She can’t build a nest to shelter the egg because there are no twigs, mud, or grass in Antarctica She lays the egg right onto the cold ice The first part of her job is done She goes back across the icy wilderness to find food in the water A Good Father Now something unexpected happens The father cares for the egg until it hatches He rolls it onto his feet Then he covers it tightly with a flap of skin The egg will sit in this safe, warm spot for two months The colony of father penguins works together to stay warm They form a tight bunch to protect their eggs from the cold The father never leaves the egg He can’t eat or swim Gliding helps the penguins move faster A Chick Hatches The baby chick finally hatches It’s time for mother penguin to come back to her family She must feed her chick It’s a long trip back She will be gliding along the ice to get home fast By now, the fathers are skinny, dirty, and hungry They hurry to the water to eat They will feast on fish and krill Fluffy Feathers The baby chick has gray, fluffy feathers As he grows up, the baby sheds these fluffy feathers He grows waterproof feathers They keep him warm and dry A grown penguin has black and white feathers Fun Fact Rockhoppers, chinstraps, and macaronis are all types of penguins This baby doesn’t have his waterproof feathers yet Baby Grows Up The chick needs constant protection by his parents until the summer By then he has a thick coat of small, shiny feathers He must now take his first steps to growing up It is time for the growing penguin to go into the water He has to learn to find his own food In five years, he can have a chick of his own to keep safe The young penguin is now strong enough to be on his own His parents have done a good job! 10 Responding Word Builder Make a word web about a cold climate Copy the web and add more words that describe what you might find in a cold climate TARGET VOCABULARY snow cold climate Write About It Text to World Penguins live in a cold climate Write a paragraph that tells how they survive in the cold Use the word web and text to help you write 11 TARGET VOCABULARY climate colony constant gliding layer overheated region shelter unexpected wilderness Infer/Predict Use clues to figure out more about the selection TARGET STRATEGY Change the last letter of this word to r and it becomes something that makes you hot 12 Level: J DRA: 18 Science Strategy: Infer/Predict Word Count: 597 3.4.20 Build Vocabulary HOUGHTON MIFFLIN Online Leveled Books ISBN-13: 978-0-547-02163-8 ISBN-10: 0-547-02163-1 1032054 ... won’t shine much for months But the Emperor penguins are busy It is time for the penguin mothers to lay their eggs The penguin fathers will help care for the eggs Emperor penguin parents work as... chicks Emperor penguins spend most of their time in the water, looking for food Fun Fact The smallest penguin is the little blue, or fairy, penguin It is only 12 inches tall A Big Bird The Emperor. .. penguins eat a lot By the time winter arrives, they have a thick layer of fat It keeps them warm in this cold climate The penguins feathers help keep them warm, too, but not overheated The penguins