H O UG H T O N MIF F L IN by Lisa Benjamin PHOTOGRAPHY CREDITS: Cover Nick Dolding/Getty Images C Squared Studios © Andrew Fox/Corbis/Corbis Vital Pictures/Getty Images C Squared Studios Frances Roberts/Alamy © Comstock Select/Corbis Nick Dolding/Getty Images Aaron Flaum/Alamy Frances Roberts/Alamy 10 © image100/Corbis Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be addressed to Houghton Mifflin Harcourt School Publishers, Attn: Permissions, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777 Printed in China ISBN-13: 978-0-547-02144-7 ISBN-10: 0-547-02144-5 0940 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt School Publishers retains title to the materials and they may not be resold Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format Table of Contents Science in the Kitchen .3 Tools for Measuring Tools for Mixing Tools for Heating and Cooling Tools for Eating 10 Science in the Kitchen Making a meal is sort of like doing a science experiment In the lab, scientists heat things up or mix them together to watch them change When you heat or mix foods and flavors, they change, too Scientists often follow instructions to an experiment So cooks Their instructions are called recipes Like scientists, cooks also need tools Tools help them warm, freeze, mix, and mash Science can be performed in a lab or a kitchen Tools for Measuring You’re baking a cake The recipe calls for a teaspoon of salt But you don’t know how much that is No need to get anxious about it Just take out some measuring spoons Measuring spoons help you figure out small amounts Measuring cups help you figure out larger amounts It’s hard to follow recipes without measuring cups Scales can measure almost any kind of food Cooks often need to weigh food But they don’t get tense Instead, they use scales A scale tells you how many ounces or pounds something weighs Tools for Mixing Cooks often mix foods Mixing makes something new For instance, lots of different ingredients make up a salad They may include lettuce, tomatoes, and cucumbers, among other things To make a salad, cooks use knives to cut up the ingredients Then they use big spoons to toss everything together It’s recommended that you cook with an adult’s help Cooks also use a tool called a blender It helps them mix smoothies and shakes A tasty shake can make anything seem more festive and fun A food processor is another tool Cooks use it to mix tomatoes and spices for salsa They also use it to whip up sauces They use it to mash together potatoes and cream, too What you think that makes? Blenders swirl liquids together to make a shake Tools for Heating and Cooling Heating or freezing food changes it, too Sometimes cooks bake liquid batter to make a cake Other times, they chill liquid cream to make ice cream Most kitchens have two big tools for these jobs Ovens heat food Freezers cool it down This cook uses a tool called a torch to heat food You need a freezer to keep ice cream frozen Good cooks always pay close attention to the temperature in the oven or the freezer Ovens and freezers have thermometers You can set the oven to 350 degrees to bake a cake, or to 450 degrees to cook a chicken You can set a freezer to low to freeze ice cream Cooks also need to know how long to heat food A timer is a good tool for that If you set a timer when you put something in the oven, the alarm will go off when the food is ready Tools for Eating When the cooking is done, the experiment is over Time to grab some tools for eating Forks, spoons, and knives help us cut and pick up food Without them, we’d have to eat with our fingers That would be messy! In Italy, if someone remarked that you were “a good fork,” that would mean you’re a good eater So don’t get cross and think you’re being called a tool Chopsticks are another tool for eating 10 Responding Word Builder Make a word web around the word “festive.” What kinds of events can be festive? Copy this word web and add more words TARGET VOCABULARY festive birthday party Write About It Text to World Write a paragraph to describe a food that’s fun to eat at a festive event What kind of tools you think would be used to prepare the food? What tools would you use to eat the food? Use words from the web in your writing 11 TARGET VOCABULARY anxiously cross degrees festive ingredients recommended remarked tense Infer/Predict Use clues to figure out more about the selection TARGET STRATEGY What is sometimes hot and sometimes cold? 12 Level: M DRA: 28 Science Strategy: Infer/Predict Word Count: 552 3.3.15 Build Vocabulary HOUGHTON MIFFLIN Online Leveled Books ISBN-13: 978-0-547-02144-7 ISBN-10: 0-547-02144-5 1032031 ... Contents Science in the Kitchen .3 Tools for Measuring Tools for Mixing Tools for Heating and Cooling Tools for Eating 10 Science in the Kitchen Making a meal is sort of like doing a science. .. scientists, cooks also need tools Tools help them warm, freeze, mix, and mash Science can be performed in a lab or a kitchen Tools for Measuring You’re baking a cake The recipe calls for a teaspoon... STRATEGY What is sometimes hot and sometimes cold? 12 Level: M DRA: 28 Science Strategy: Infer/Predict Word Count: 552 3.3.15 Build Vocabulary HOUGHTON MIFFLIN Online Leveled Books ISBN-13: 978-0-547-02144-7