H O UG H T O N MIF F L IN by Erin Ash Sullivan PHOTOGRAPHY CREDITS: Cover © Jim Craigmyle/Corbis © Gambarini Mauricio/dpa/Corbis (b) Blend Images/Alamy (t) © Artville © Troy Wayrynen/Columbian/NewSport/Corbis 4-5 © Dewitt Jones/CORBIS (t) © Artville © Gambarini Mauricio/dpa/Corbis (b) © Bettmann/CORBIS (t) © Artville © Jim Craigmyle/Corbis (t) © Frank Siteman/PhotoEdit Inc (b) © Artville 10 © Frank Siteman/PhotoEdit, Inc Copyright © by Houghton Mifflin Harcourt Publishing Company All rights reserved No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the copyright owner unless such copying is expressly permitted by federal copyright law Requests for permission to make copies of any part of the work should be addressed to Houghton Mifflin Harcourt School Publishers, Attn: Permissions, 6277 Sea Harbor Drive, Orlando, Florida 32887-6777 Printed in China ISBN-10: 0-547-25294-3 ISBN-13: 978-0-547-25294-0 0940 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 If you have received these materials as examination copies free of charge, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt School Publishers retains title to the materials and they may not be resold Resale of examination copies is strictly prohibited Possession of this publication in print format does not entitle users to convert this publication, or any portion of it, into electronic format Introduction Dogs make great pets They are easy to train They are smart and loyal Dogs are good workers, too There are many jobs that dogs that help people in different ways Different kinds of dogs have special skills There can be ten to sixteen dogs in a dogsled team Sled Dogs Some dogs have a love for pulling and carrying They are big and strong So they are built for this kind of work In snowy places, people use dogs to pull sleds Sled dogs work and they race, too They practice over and over for the races At times, their legs can start to quiver, or shake But they keep practicing Farm Dogs Farmers use dogs to help them herd farm animals The dogs follow orders well They are trained to run in circles around the sheep The farmer gives the order, and the dog circles the sheep This frightens the sheep and causes them to stick together Sheepherding dogs keep sheep from getting lost Some dogs help farmers move cattle from one place to another The dogs run next to the herd to keep them moving If a cow walks off, the dog may snap at the cow or nip at its heels to make sure it stays with the group Dogs are also called “canines.” That’s why police dogs are part of “K-9” units Police Dogs These dogs have the ability to find things by smelling them They track down criminals and help solve crimes Dogs can sniff out a fire scene to help find out how the fire started These dogs can work a long shift with a police officer They can patrol the streets all day Army Dogs The army uses dog helpers, too These dogs work as guard dogs They sniff out bombs During World War II, some dogs were even used to carry messages They did their jobs under dangerous conditions Most of these dogs are sitting with their partners One is lying down Dogs Help Humans Some dogs are trained to work with people who are blind These are guide dogs They are trained to guide or help their owner cross busy streets The dogs work as “eyes” for their owners Their owners trust their dogs to keep them safe Guide dogs are on duty while they are wearing a harness Hearing dogs are trained to respond to sign language commands as well as spoken commands Hearing dogs work with people who are deaf They tell their owners about important noises, like doorbells, alarm clocks, and crying babies Hearing dogs must give the owners the information they need Conclusion Dogs and their owners usually become attached to each other This is very important for many people, especially for elderly people who live alone Dogs many jobs But being a good friend may be the most important job a dog has Dogs make great companions for the elderly 10 Responding Word Builder Dogs are very loyal animals What other words mean the same as loyal? Copy the word web below and add words to it TARGET VOCABULARY trusting loyal Write About It Text to Self Why are dogs such good pets and helpers to people? Write a paragraph giving your opinion Include a main idea and support it with details 11 TARGET VOCABULARY ability loyal lying partners patrol quiver shift snap Summarize Briefly tell the important parts of the text in your own words TARGET STRATEGY Which word spelled backwards means things used for cooking? 12 Level: J DRA: 18–20 Social Studies Strategy: Summarize Word Count: 494 3.3.14 Build Vocabulary HOUGHTON MIFFLIN Online Leveled Books 1387976 ... to sixteen dogs in a dogsled team Sled Dogs Some dogs have a love for pulling and carrying They are big and strong So they are built for this kind of work In snowy places, people use dogs to pull... crimes Dogs can sniff out a fire scene to help find out how the fire started These dogs can work a long shift with a police officer They can patrol the streets all day Army Dogs The army uses dog helpers, ... Sheepherding dogs keep sheep from getting lost Some dogs help farmers move cattle from one place to another The dogs run next to the herd to keep them moving If a cow walks off, the dog may snap