5.5.4 Earth: The Inside Story SUMMARY For centuries, scientists have been puzzling over the composition of our planet From Aristotle—who thought the Earth was solid—to the recent findings of scientists today, this book tells the story of the discovery of the Earth’s layers LESSON VOCABULARY armor eruption hideous serpent encases extinct plunged INTRODUCE THE BOOK INTRODUCE THE TITLE AND AUTHOR Discuss with students the title and the author of Earth: The Inside Story Based on the title, ask students to say what they think the book will be about Point out the Science triangle Ask students why they think the book is labeled “Science.” BUILD BACKGROUND Discuss what students know about the inside of the Earth Ask them if people at different times have believed different things about the inside of the Earth Ask them if they know what some of these different beliefs were Ask them to say why they think beliefs about the Earth may change over time PREVIEW/USE TEXT FEATURES As students preview the book, the photos will probably attract their attention Have students also preview the diagrams and captions Point out the illustrations on page and page 14 and explain that they can be compared and contrasted Encourage students to carefully preview the section heads CAUSE AND EFFECT SUMMARIZE READ THE BOOK SET PURPOSE Have students set a purpose for reading Earth: The Inside Story Students’ interest in the makeup of the Earth and in the history of scientific ideas should guide this purpose Suggest that students think about how scientific ideas about the Earth have changed over time STRATEGY SUPPORT: SUMMARIZE As students read, suggest they write a sentence or two to summarize each section Remind them that when you summarize, you write only about the most important ideas You leave out less important details or ideas Students may later want to put together their section summaries to create a summary of the selection COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS PAGE What did Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, believe about the Earth? (He thought it was round and solid.) PAGE What did maps from the mid-16th century reveal? (Africa and South America look as if they could fit together like jigsaw puzzle pieces.) PAGE What did Neptunists believe? (The continents floated on water.) PAGE 15 Why did German scientist Alfred Wegener believe that Africa and South America were once connected? (Fossils of extinct plants were discovered on both continents, and other continents also seemed to have coastlines that interlocked.) PAGE 16 What happened when scientists explored an underwater mountain chain? (They realized that these mountains had formed along a deep crack in the Earth’s crust.) PAGE 21 What happens when two tectonic plates collide? (The plate edges can fold and produce mountains.) 104 Earth: The Inside Story 16911_LRD_TG_104-105 104 11/17/05 8:59:59 AM REVISIT THE BOOK READER RESPONSE Responses will vary Students should choose a scientist or scholar from the book and explain why they think that person is the most interesting Continental drift is the movement of continents Responses will vary Responses will vary EXTEND UNDERSTANDING As students look at the illustrations on page and page 14, ask them to compare and contrast the two views of the Earth Invite them to discuss what happened that made people change their understanding of the Earth RESPONSE OPTIONS WRITING Invite students to make a chart with two columns Label one column “Why Something Happened,” and the other column “What Happened.” Encourage them to fill in the chart as they read the selection SCIENCE CONNECTION Students can learn more about plate tectonics on the Internet or at the library Suggest they look for a map of the Earth’s plate or make a map of their own based on their research Skill Work TEACH/REVIEW VOCABULARY To reinforce the meaning of extinct, read the second paragraph on page 15 Ask students to say what they think extinct means, based on the context What other words in the paragraph help them understand the meaning of extinct? Continue in a similar fashion with the remaining vocabulary words Invite students to play a word game Ask yes/no questions using a vocabulary word, such as: Are all birds extinct? Have children answer with yes or no, to demonstrate their understanding of the vocabulary word Continue in a similar fashion until all vocabulary words have been used TARGET SKILL AND STRATEGY CAUSE AND EFFECT Remind students that a cause is “why something happened.” An effect is “what happened.” Explain that sometimes, clue words such as because, so, and since indicate a relationship between why something happened and what happened Have them look for causes and effects as they read SUMMARIZE Remind students that summarizing is a strategy that good readers use to check their understanding of a selection When you summarize, you make a brief statement that gives the main ideas of an article As students read, suggest that they summarize causes and effects ADDITIONAL SKILL INSTRUCTION FACT AND OPINION Remind students that a statement of fact is a statement that can be proved true or false A statement of opinion is a statement of someone’s judgment, belief, or way of thinking about something Invite students to look for statements of fact and statements of opinion as they read Suggest they keep a list of facts and a list of opinions that they find in the selection Earth: The Inside Story 16911_LRD_TG_104-105 105 105 11/17/05 9:00:01 AM Earth: The Inside Story Name Cause and Effect • A cause is “why something happened.” • An effect is “what happened.” Directions Fill in the graphic organizer below Causes Effects 16th century explorers discovered new continents Why did it happen? What happened? An earthquake occurs Why did it happen? What happened? A heavier plate and a lighter plate collide What happened? © Pearson Education Why did it happen? 106 16911_LRD_TG_106-107 106 11/17/05 9:00:26 AM Earth: The Inside Story Name Vocabulary Directions Read each sentence Write the word from the box that correctly fits in the sentence Some words may be used more than once Check the Words You Know armor hideous encases plunged eruption serpent Scientists once believed that a rigid crust extinct , or surrounds, the Earth They believed this crust acted like a kind of inner core , protecting the Earth’s Alfred Wegener noticed that similar fossils of Africa and South America plants were found in both Fault lines can run in straight lines or curve like a When layers of the planet move into and away from each other, a volcanic can occur Volcanic eruptions can cause damage to human and animal life When a heavier plate collides with a lighter plate, the heavier plate is the mantle of the Earth and the edge melts © Pearson Education Today, scientists understand that Earth’s molten outer core solid inner core The extreme heat at the center of the Earth would have beings into the effects on human 10 They have also found an underwater mountain range that snakes along a deep crack in the Earth’s crust like a 11 Scientists continue to study the remains of learn about Earth and its history plant and animal species to 107 16911_LRD_TG_106-107 107 12/2/05 12:44:38 PM ... they read Suggest they keep a list of facts and a list of opinions that they find in the selection Earth: The Inside Story 16911_LRD _TG_ 1 04- 1 05 1 05 1 05 11/17/ 05 9:00:01 AM Earth: The Inside Story. .. at the illustrations on page and page 14, ask them to compare and contrast the two views of the Earth Invite them to discuss what happened that made people change their understanding of the Earth. .. happen? 106 16911_LRD _TG_ 106-107 106 11/17/ 05 9:00:26 AM Earth: The Inside Story Name Vocabulary Directions Read each sentence Write the word from the box that correctly fits in the sentence Some