5 15 visiting states and capitals

Gibson/Corbis 14 ©Andre Jenny/Alamy Images Vocabulary monarchy statehouse In this book you will read about many of the state capitals in the United States.. page 2 Sacramento, Californ

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Scott Foresman Social Studies

Nonfi ction • Map

• Sidebars

• Table of Contents

ISBN 0-328-17548-X

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Fascinating Facts

Mormon Tabernacle Choir

“Camellia Capital of the World.”

the beautiful spiral staircase in the capitol in

Montgomery, Alabama

Scott Foresman Social Studies

Nonfi ction • Map

• Sidebars

• Table of Contents

ISBN 0-328-17548-X

ì<(sk$m)=bhfeic< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U

Fascinating Facts

Mormon Tabernacle Choir

“Camellia Capital of the World.”

the beautiful spiral staircase in the capitol in

Montgomery, Alabama

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ISBN: 0-328-17548-X

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Write to It!

Choose a state capital that you would like to visit

Write a postcard to a friend or family member from that capital Tell what you liked about the city and why you liked it

Write your postcard on a separate sheet of paper

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Vocabulary

monarchy statehouse

In this book you will read about many of the state

capitals in the United States Some capitals are

large and busy Other capitals are small and quiet

Table of Contents

Let’s Take a Tour page 2

Sacramento, California’s Capital page 3

Faraway Capitals page 4

Capitals of the Southwest page 6

Capitals of the Midwest page 9

Capitals of the Southeast page 12

Capitals of the Northeast page 14

Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois Coppell, Texas • Sacramento, California • Mesa, Arizona

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Let’s Take a Tour

Each state capital, or center of government, has a story

Kings and queens once ruled in Honolulu, Hawaii Paul Revere

rode on horseback through Boston, Massachusetts A bat

colony lives under a bridge in Austin, Texas

When you visit state capitals, you can see the capitol, the

building where lawmakers work and where important events

happen You can have fun too You might see a race, swim at

the beach, or visit a roller-skating museum

3

Sacramento, California’s Capital

Let’s start in Sacramento, the capital of California Its capitol was built in the 1800s It is a museum of history as well as a government office The historic offices are on the first floor

They have been changed back to how they looked long ago

Sacramento is the “Gateway to the Gold Country.” John Sutter set up a colony here for Swiss immigrants in 1839 He also set up Sutter’s Fort, a trading post Gold was discovered there in 1848

Hopeful gold miners rushed to Sacramento from all over the world The colony became a supply post for miners You can see buildings from those days along the waterfront

Pony Express riders made Sacramento their final stop

Sacramento was also the final stop on the transcontinental railroad, which was built in the 1800s You can see

locomotives from that time at the California State Railroad Museum

Sacramento’s capitol looks like a smaller version of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C.

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Faraway Capitals

If you live on the mainland of the United States, you must

take a plane or ship to visit Juneau, Alaska, or Honolulu,

Hawaii You will discover how different they are from each

other

You can ride the tramway in Juneau The tramway climbs up

Mount Roberts and gives a great view You can see old and

new buildings and Gastineau (GAS-ti-no) Channel

Mendenhall Glacier is nearby It is one-and-a-half miles wide

As it slowly moves, parts of it break off and form icebergs in

Mendenhall Lake Be sure to visit this huge sheet of ice

The Alaska State Museum is in downtown Juneau It has

exhibits on the Inuit and Russians who once lived here

Alaska is the largest state.

5

Honolulu is Hawaii’s most important city Planes and ships come and go from here to Asia, Australia, New Zealand, and the United States mainland Honolulu is called the “Crossroads

of the Pacific.”

You can visit Iolani (ee-oh-LAH-nee) Palace, the only royal palace in the United States Queen Liliuokalani (lee-LEE-oh-kah-lah-nee) lived here She was Hawaii’s last royal ruler The

monarchy, a government ruled by a king or a queen, ended

in 1893 Five years later, Hawaii became part of the United States

You can also visit the museums and memorials at Pearl Harbor On December 7, 1941, the Japanese bombed the United States naval base here The United States then entered World War II

People from all over the world swim, surf, and sunbathe on beautiful Waikiki (wai-kih-KIH) Beach.

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Capitals of the Southwest

The phoenix is a mythical bird from Greek and Egyptian

mythology Phoenix, Arizona, is named for this bird Hohokam

(huh-HO-kum) Indians once lived where Phoenix is now They

built an irrigation system, a way of using canals, ditches,

or pipes to bring water to dry land Phoenix was built on their

settlement

Frontier Days in Cheyenne, Wyoming, lasts for ten days

7

Santa Fe, New Mexico, is about four hundred years old It

is the oldest capital in the United States Spain, Mexico, and the United States have ruled it The Palace of the Governors

is in Santa Fe It is now a museum where you can learn about the city’s history

Artists love Santa Fe because it has beautiful scenery

Pueblo, Navajo, and Apache arts and crafts are displayed

in a museum here The design of the capitol is based on an American Indian sun sign that stands for the circle of life

Austin, Texas, has one of the largest urban bat colonies in North America About one million bats live under a bridge over the Colorado River At sunset every summer evening, they fly out to look for dinner

Old houses and churches line Santa Fe’s narrow,

crooked streets.

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On April 22, 1889, homesteaders could claim land in the

Oklahoma Territory More than ten thousand people raced

across the border and put up a city of tents along the railroad

tracks That settlement became Oklahoma City

Oil and cattle are important to Oklahoma City Miners first

struck oil here in 1928 Today the city is one of the major

oil-producing areas in the United States

Oklahoma City has one of the largest cattle markets in the

world It also has the National Cowboy and Western Heritage

Museum, where you can learn about rodeos, western towns,

and African American Buffalo Soldiers

Oil wells are all over Oklahoma City, even on the grounds of the state capitol.

9

Capitals of the Midwest

You cannot miss Lincoln, Nebraska Its capitol is four hundred feet high It is called the “Tower of the Plains.” You can see it from miles away A statue of a farmer sowing grain stands on top of the building

The prairie once stretched as far as you could see Visit the Nine-Mile Prairie in Lincoln to see how the prairie used to be

At the National Museum of Roller-Skating, you can learn about skates and skating

St Paul, Minnesota’s capital, is one of the “Twin Cities.”

Minneapolis is the other twin city The twin cities are not alike

St Paul is small and quiet Minneapolis, a large and bustling place, is across the Mississippi River For many years, St Paul was the busiest port on the Upper Mississippi

More than a million people come to Des Moines, Iowa, every August for the Iowa State Fair.

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Abraham Lincoln lived in Springfield, Illinois, before he

became President Many of the places that he knew have

been kept as they were The railroad station where Lincoln left

Springfield to become President is now a museum You can

visit the law office where he worked and the tomb where he is

buried You can also see his statue and rub its nose for good

luck The color of the statue’s nose has worn away over the

years from so much rubbing!

This statue of Abraham Lincoln

is in Springfield, Illinois.

11

Indianapolis is the capital of Indiana It is also the city of wheels—car wheels, that is The Indianapolis (or Indy) 500 motor race is held every Memorial Day weekend Cars speed around the five-hundred-mile speedway Visitors can see racing cars in the speedway’s Hall of Fame

The Brickyard 400 stock car race and competitions of the International Hot Rod Association are held here too Many auto racing-related businesses make their home in Indianapolis Indianapolis is called the “Crossroads of America” because four interstate highways and five United States highways run through and around it

Indianapolis is laid out like a wheel Monument Circle is in the center, and streets fan out from it like spokes

Indianapolis is not all about wheels, of course It also has professional football and basketball teams Its Children’s Museum has five stories full of fun things to see and do

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Capitals of the Southeast

Montgomery, Alabama, was the first capital of the

Confederacy during the Civil War A bronze star on the

capitol steps marks where Jefferson Davis was sworn in as

president of the Confederacy

More than one hundred years later, civil rights leader Dr

Martin Luther King, Jr., gave a speech on these steps He

spoke to twenty-five thousand Americans who had marched from Selma, Alabama, to

support civil rights.

In 1955 Rosa Parks was on

a bus in Montgomery when she refused to give up her seat to a white person and was arrested

The famous bus boycott began, and many people stopped riding the buses The Civil Rights Memorial in Montgomery honors people who died in the struggle for civil rights

Baton Rouge, Louisiana, has the tallest state capitol in the United States It is thirty-four stories tall.

13

Atlanta, Georgia, is a modern city with a huge and busy airport Go under the city to see the old Atlanta Bridges covered this five-block area for fifty years Underground Atlanta has been restored, and you can now see brick streets, gaslights, and old storefronts

Visit the Margaret Mitchell House and Museum This was

the home of the author who wrote Gone With the Wind This

popular novel later became a famous movie about Atlanta during the Civil War General Sherman and his Union forces attacked Atlanta and burned it almost to the ground

The Country Music Hall of Fame and Museum in Nashville, Tennessee, looks like the keys of a giant piano.

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Capitals of the Northeast

Annapolis, Maryland, is near Chesapeake Bay and has seventeen miles of shoreline The United States Naval Academy is here Boats fill City Dock and restaurants serve lots

of seafood You can tour Annapolis

in a boat, schooner, or kayak

Rhode Island is the smallest state in the Union Its capital is

Providence Independent Man is

a statue that stands on top of the

statehouse, or capitol.

Roger Williams was Rhode Island’s first independent man He was a minister in Boston

who did not agree with the ideas of other Boston ministers He

left and started a new colony—Rhode Island

Annapolis has the oldest state

capitol in the nation that is still

in use

Follow Boston’s Freedom Trail to see where important historical events took place.

Both Harriet Beecher Stowe and Mark Twain were

famous writers and lived in Hartford, Connecticut

In fact, they were next-door neighbors Stowe wrote

Uncle Tom’s Cabin Mark Twain wrote Tom Sawyer

and Huckleberry Finn.

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Boston, Massachusetts, has a lot of history crowded into a small space It is hard to see it all in a short time To make it easier, visitors follow the Freedom Trail, which leads to places where important events happened

Colonial soldiers trained on Boston Common during the American Revolution The Boston Massacre took place in front of the Old State House Paul Revere lived in the house now known

as the Paul Revere House Lanterns were lit in the Old North Church as a signal that the British were headed for Concord

Montpelier, Vermont, is the smallest state capital in the nation The statehouse is made of granite, a kind of stone that comes from a huge quarry A quarry is a large hole in the earth where stone is mined

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Glossary

capital a city where a state or national government

is located

capitol a building where a state or national

legislature meets

civil rights the rights guaranteed to all citizens by

the Constitution

irrigation system a way of using canals, ditches,

or pipes to bring water to dry land

monarchy a government ruled by a king or queen

statehouse another word for capitol