TE AM FL Y 200010_FM_Taylorx 11/20/01 5:12 PM Page i DVD DEMYSTIFIED This page intentionally left blank 200010_FM_Taylorx 11/20/01 5:12 PM Page iii DVD Demystified Jim Taylor Second Edition McGraw-Hill New York San Francisco Washington, D.C Auckland Bogotá Caracas Lisbon London Madrid Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singapore Sydney Tokyo Toronto abc McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Except as permitted under the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher 0-07-138944-X The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: 0-07-135026-8 All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners Rather than put a trademark symbol after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark Where such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales promotions, or for use in corporate training programs For more information, please contact George Hoare, Special Sales, at george_hoare@mcgraw-hill.com or (212) 904-4069 TERMS OF USE This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc (“McGraw-Hill”) and its licensors reserve all rights in and to the work Use of this work is subject to these terms Except as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent You may use the work for your own noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited Your right to use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK, INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE McGraw-Hill and its licensors not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the work or for any damages resulting therefrom McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content of any information accessed through the work Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been advised of the possibility of such damages This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise DOI: 10.1036/007138944X 200010_FM_Taylorx 11/20/01 5:12 PM Page v To my wife, Julia, who would have preferred more me and less book, but who was amazingly supportive through the entire long endeavor 200010_FM_Taylorx 11/20/01 5:12 PM Page vi PRAISE FOR DVD DEMYSTIFIED It was on Aril 17, 1992, when four bottles of Napa red wine were emptied between Warran Lieberfarb (President, Warner Home Video) and myself, that the very first shape of the DVD concept was originated I was very excited but nevertheless seriously anxious about whether this new technology would ever see the light of the multimedia age Then, in early 1998, when I learned that DVD Demystified had been published, was the very first time I began to feel there was proof that DVD was heading for success I met with Jim in San Francisco later and got his book with his autograph It sits nicely on my shelf as a monumental book that gave me the confidence that we are doing the right thing His new edition, as a reference to executives and engineers, will surely add stability for the evergrowing DVD market DVD will continue to penetrate into every corner of our lives It will be a pervasive technology for probably a couple of decades to come I have the feeling that DVD Demystified will continue in several more editions over the years as a benchmark reference of this technology Koji Hase Acting Chairperson of the DVD Forum Vice President, Strategic Alliance Division, Digital Media Network Company, Toshiba Corporation A clear and intelligent guide to DVD, and a valuable reference for anyone who wants to take full advantage of the technology Kamer Davis, Senior Vice President, Ogilvy Public Relations Worldwide Required reading for both novices and professionals interested in the fundamentals of DVD, and required reading for all InterActual employees Todd Collart, President & CEO, InterActual Technologies, Inc Copyright 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies Click Here for Terms of Use 200010_FM_Taylorx 11/20/01 5:12 PM Page vii CONTENTS Foreword Acknowledgments Preface Chapter Chapter What Is DVD? xix xxi xxiii Introduction DVD-Video versus DVD-ROM What Does DVD Portend? Who Needs to Know About DVD? Movies Music and Audio Music Performance Video Training and Productivity Education Computer Software Computer Multimedia Video Games Information Publishing Marketing and Communications And More About This Book Units and Notation Other Conventions 6 7 8 9 10 10 11 11 12 13 16 The World Before DVD 19 A Brief History of Audio Technology A Brief History of Video Technology Captured Light Dancing Electrons Metal Tape and Plastic Discs The Digital Face-Lift A Brief History of Data Storage Technology Innovations of CD The Long Gestation of DVD Hollywood Weighs In Dissension in the Ranks 20 24 27 29 31 34 37 39 45 45 47 Copyright 2001 The McGraw-Hill Companies Click Here for Terms of Use 200010_FM_Taylorx 11/20/01 5:12 PM Page viii Contents viii Chapter The Referee Shows Up Reconciliation Product Plans Turbulence Glib Promises Sliding Deadlines and Empty Announcements The Birth of DVD Disillusionment Divx: A Tale of Two DVDs Ups and Downs The Second Year The Second Wind The Year of DVD DVD Gets Connected Patents and Protections Blockbusters and Logjams Crackers The Medium of the New Millennium That’s No Moon, That’s a PlayStation! DVD Turns Four 48 49 52 53 54 55 58 60 63 67 69 71 74 75 76 77 79 80 82 86 DVD Technology Primer 87 Introduction Gauges and Grids: Understanding Digital and Analog Birds Over the Phone: Understanding Video Compression Compressing Single Pictures Compressing Moving Pictures Birds Revisited: Understanding Audio Compression Perceptual Coding MPEG-1 Audio Coding MPEG-2 Audio Coding Dolby Digital Audio Coding DTS Audio Coding MLP Audio Encoding Effects of Audio Encoding A Few Timely Words about Jitter Pegs and Holes: Understanding Aspect Ratios How It Is Done with DVD Widescreen TVs 88 88 90 94 95 102 103 104 105 106 107 108 108 109 115 120 125 200010_FM_Taylorx 11/20/01 5:12 PM Page ix Contents ix Chapter Aspect Ratios Revisited Why 16:9? The Transfer Tango Summary The Pin-Striped TV: Interlaced versus Progressive Scanning Progressive DVD Players 127 129 132 133 135 138 DVD Overview 143 Introduction The DVD Family The DVD Format Specification Compatibility Physical Compatibility File System Compatibility Application Compatibility Implementation Compatibility New Wine in Old Bottles: DVD on CD Compatibility Initiatives Bells and Whistles: DVD-Video and DVD-Audio Features Over Hours of High-Quality Digital Video and Audio Widescreen Movies Multiple Surround Audio Tracks Karaoke Subtitles Different Camera Angles Multistory Seamless Branching Parental Lock Menus Interactivity On-Screen Lyrics and Slideshows Customization Instant Access Special Effects Playback Access Restrictions Durability Programmability Availability of Features Beyond DVD-Video and DVD-Audio Features 144 144 146 147 149 152 153 153 154 155 157 158 159 159 160 160 161 161 162 162 163 163 164 164 164 164 165 165 165 166 ... xvi DVD- Video Drivers DVD- Video Details DVD By Any Other Name: Application Types Pure DVD- Video Computer Bonus DVD- Video Computer-augmented DVD- Video Split DVD- Video /DVD- ROM Multimedia DVD- ROM... of DVD Production Introduction General DVD Production Project Examples CD or DVD? DVD- 5 or DVD- 9 or DVD- 10? DVD- Video or DVD- ROM or Both? DVD- Video and DVD- Audio Production Tasks and Skills The... DVD over Audio CD Advantages of Audio CD over DVD- Video Compatibility of Audio CD and DVD- Video CD-ROM Advantages of DVD- ROM over CD-ROM Advantages of CD-ROM over DVD- ROM Compatibility of CD-ROM