Ngữ pháp tiếng anh - Tài liệu về Lượng từ trong tiếng anh
Trang 1Unit 1: Basic Expressions of Quantity
Chúng ta cần thận trọng khi sử dụng từ chỉ lượng, cần xem xét danh từ chính là Danh từ
đếm được hay Danh từ không đếm được.
Epressions of Quantity Used with Countable Nouns Used with Uncountable Nouns One
Each
every
One apple Each apple Every apple
No No No
Two, etc.
Both
A couple of
A few
Several
Many
A number of
A great/large number of
Two apples Both apples
A couple of apples
A few apples Several apples Many apples
A number of apples
A large number of apples
No No No No No No No
A little
Much
A great deal of
Quite a bit of
No No No
A little rice Much rice
A great deal of rice Quite a bit of rice
No
Some/any
A lot of/ lots of
Plenty of
Most
All
A lack of
Not all the
Almost none of the
No apples Some/any apples
A lot of/ lots of apples Plenty of apples Most apples All apples
A lack of apples Not all the apples Almost none of the apples
No rice Some/any rice
A lot of/ lots of rice Plenty of rice Most rice All rice
A lack of rice Not all the rice Almost none of the rice
Lưu ý: "Much" thường chỉ được sử dụng trong câu phủ định, câu hỏi và câu mang nghĩa tiêu cực
Ví dụ: I don't have much money.
A A few/ Few và A Little/ Little
A few và Few được dùng với danh từ đếm được Theo sau chúng là danh từ ở dạng số
nhiều
A little và Little được dùng với danh từ không đếm được
A few “A few” và “a little” mang nghĩa
tích cực, chúng diễn tả sự vật,
sự việc đang có, đang tồn tại ở
She has been here only two weeks but she has already made a few friends.
A little I’m very pleased I’ve been able to save a little money this month (I have saved
some money instead of spending all of it)
Trang 2hiện thực.
Few “Few” và “Little” mang nghĩa
tiêu cực; chúng diễn tả sự mất
mát, thiếu thốn gì đó
Nếu thêm very + little/few sẽ
gia tăng nghĩa tiêu cực
I feel sorry for her She has (very) few friends (
=> tiêu cực)
Little
I have (very) litle money I don’t even have enough money to buy food for dinner.
(I do not have much money I have almost no money.)
B Using "Of" in expressions of quantity
1 NHỮNG TỪ CHỈ LƯỢNG LUÔN CHỨA “OF”
A lot of
Lots of
A number of
A great deal of
A majority of
A minority of Plenty of
Ví dụ: A lot of books are paperback.
A lot of my books are paperback.
Sai:A lot books are paperback.
2 NHỮNG TỪ CHỈ LƯỢNG CÓ THỂ CHƯA HOẶC KHÔNG CHỨA “OF”
All (of)
Most (of)
Almost all (of)
Many (of) Much (of)
A few (of)
A little (of)
One (of) Two (of) Three (of)
Both (of) Several (of)
Some (of) Any (of)
Ví dụ: Many of my books are in English.
Many of the books on that shelf are in
English.
Sai: Many of books are in English
Of được sử dụng với các từ chỉ lượng khi danh từ đã được xác định Một danh từ xác định khi nó theo sau:
Tính từ sở hữu: my, John’s…
Các từ chỉ định: This, that, those, these
Mạo từ xác định: The
Many books are in English.
Of không được sử dụng với các từ chỉ lượng nếu danh từ chưa
xác định
Trong ví dụ, người nói không đề cập đến your books, these books mà đề cập đến “books” như một danh từ chung.
Trang 3Lưu ý:
1 "Both" và "All" là từ chỉ lượng đặc biệt Nếu danh từ theo sau được xác định thì ta có thể thêm “Of” hoặc không Nhưng nếu danh từ không xác định thì ta KHÔNG được thêm
“Of”.
Ví dụ: Đúng: All of the staffs in my office must have an ID card.
Đúng: All the staffs in my office must have an ID card.
Sai: All of staffs must have an ID card
2 The most (so sánh nhất) được sử dụng trong những câu so sánh từ 2 chủ thể trở lên và Không được thêm Of liền sau “the most” trong bất kỳ trường hợp nào.
Luyện tập
Bài tập 1: Hoàn thành những câu sau với “some” hoặc “any”:
1 We didn’t buy …………flowers.
2 This evening I’m going out with ………….friends of mine.
3 “Have you seen ……… good films recently?” – “No, I haven’t been to the cinema for ages”.
4 I didn’t have ………money, so I had to borrow………
5 Can I have ………a……… milk in my coffee, please?
6 I was too tired to do………work.
Bài tập 2: Hoàn thành câu với “much, many, few, a few, little, a little”
1 He isn’t very popular He has ……… friends.
2 Ann is very busy these days She has ……… free time.
3 Did you take ……….photographs when you were on holiday?
4 The museum was very crowded There were too……… people.
5 Most of the town is modern There are ………… old buidings.
6 We must be quick We have……… time.
7 Listen carefully, I’m going to give you ……….advice.
8 Do you mind if I ask you……….questions?
9 This town is not a very interesting place to visit, so …….tourists come here.
10 I don’t think Jill would be a good teacher She’s got ………… patience.
11 “Would you like milk in your coffee?” - “yes, please ………….”
12 This is a very boring place to live There’s ………….to do.
Bài tập 3: Điền “of” vào những câu dưới đây nếu cần thiết.
1 All……….cars have wheels.
2 None………this money is mine.
3 Some…… people get angry very easily.
4 Some……….the people I met at the party were very interesting.
5 I have lived in London most………my life.
6 Are any………those letters for me?
7 Most………days I get up before 7 o’clock.
8 Jim thinks that all……museums are boring.
Bài tập 4: Hoàn thành những câu sau với “some” hoặc “any”:
1 We didn’t buy …………flowers
Trang 42 This evening I’m going out with ………….friends of mine.
3 “Have you seen ……… good films recently?” – “No, I haven’t been to the cinema for ages”
4 I didn’t have ………money, so I had to borrow………
5 Can I have ………milk in my coffee, please?
6 I was too tired to do………work
Bài tập 5: Hoàn thành câu với “much, many, few, a few, little, a little”
1 He isn’t very popular He has ……… friends
2 Ann is very busy these days She has ……… free time
3 Did you take ……….photographs when you were on holiday?
4 The museum was very crowded There were too……… people
5 Most of the town is modern There are ………… old buidings
6 We must be quick We have……… time
7 Listen carefully, I’m going to give you ……….advice
8 Do you mind if I ask you……….questions?
9 This town is not a very interesting place to visit, so …….tourists come here
10 I don’t think Jill would be a good teacher She’s got ………… patience
11 “Would you like milk in your coffee?” – “yes, please ………….”
12 This is a very boring place to live There’s ………….to do
EXERCISE 1: Choose the best answer to complete these following sentences
1 There is _water in the bottle
2 I have money, not enough to buy groceries
3 I have money, enough to buy a ticket
4 She has _books, not enough for references
5 She has _books, enough to read
6 There _ traffic on the street at rush hours
A are too many B.is too much C are too alot D are too little
7 He bought _furniture for her new apartment which she has bought recently
Trang 5A many B few C much D a few
8 _ the people I work with are very friendly
A some B some of C a little of D a few
9 _these money is mine
10 We didn’t spend money
11 There are _people there
A too many B too a little C too much D.too little
12 Do you know people in this neighbourhood
13 Would you like _to eat?
A something B anything C.everything D.nothing
14 I can’t find it _
A somewhere B nowhere C.everyplace D.anywhere
15 I like him
16 We must be quick There is time left
17 Let’s go and have a drink we have _time left
18 There is a telephone in _room of the house
19 You should read _sentence carefully
20 _ has right to vote
A something B everyone C.many people D some people
21 Both men interested in this job in the interview yesterday
Trang 622 There are four books on the table has a different colour
23 He has two bookstores One is in Thac Mo _is in Phuoc Binh
A other B the others C.another D the other
24 restaurant is expensive
25 Did you take _ photographs when you were on holiday
26 The news has _information
27 We ‘ll hurry We haven’t got time left
28 I don’t have friends in Ha Noi
29 We didn’t buy flowers yesterday
30 There _ at the door
A is somebody B is anybody C is everybody D isn’t nobody
31 She went out without _money
32 There are _in the hall
A somebody B anybody C everybody D some people
33 I’m not hungry I don’t want _to eat
A everything B anything C something D nothing
34 She didn’t take _money with her
35 Has body seen my bags?
A somebody B any person C anybody D some people
36 Can I have _sugar please
Trang 7A any B some C much D little
37 Let me know if you need help
38 Some one has forgotten umbrella
39 The house were empty There is _living here
40 I don’t have relatives in these strange place
41 I’m so hungry I could eat
A something B anything C nothing D every things
42 The exam was quite difficult _passed
43 He has luck Everything he does, he gains
44 We have used _energy recently
A too many B many too C too much D much too
45 He spoke _English, so it was difficult for him to communicate with people here
46 The village was small There was house
47 He isn’t very popular He has friends
48.The museum was too crowded There _people there
A is too much B are too many C a few D few
49 people are friendly
A some B some of C some of those D some those 50.Both of them students at high school now
Trang 851 _ restaurants we went to were expensive
A Neither of B Neither of the C None of D Some of
52 Every seat in the theater last night taken
53 Everybody at the square yesterday
A has arrived B have arrived C arrived D arrive
54. time I meet you You look different
55 was given a book
A some students B every students C each students D each student 56.I would like to visit country in the world
57 In the football match has 11 players
58 The olympic games are held four years
59 Do you need _?
A a help B any help C any helps D helps
60 That was a very story about the adventures in the tropical forests
A excitement B excited C exciting D excite
61 The pupils are very because their school has won the basketball championship
A excitement B excited C exciting D excite
62 should pay more taxes
A Rich B The rich C The riches D Richer
63 people I know are worried about the environment
64 tall you've grown!
65 The film was interesting that it could satisfy everybody
Trang 9A too B very C so D such
66 My new job is much
A interesting B interested C interest D interests
67 They felt happy, and did I
68 Peter says he doesn't see
A somebody B everybody C anybody D nobody
69 don't like to read picture-books
A Some childs B some of children C some of the children D some of the childs
70 It's _ long time since he last saw his parents
71 The audience clapped their hands so _ that the singer had to sing again
A many times B much time C very much D much
72 Our seats were _far from the stage that we couldn't see the actors andactresses clearly
73 I like Dalat What I like _ living here is that it's fresh, quiet and beautiful
A more about B most about C more of D most of
74 players are there in a football team?
75 – How does he run a day? -16 miles
76 He can't cook well, and I can't _,
77 The circus shows are exciting that the whole family enjoy them
78 I haven't had an enjoyable evening for months
79 She was clever that she could make a dress by hands
Trang 1080 Most of the pupils are to pass the examination
A good enough B too good C very good D good too
81 These piles of books are cleaner than the others
82 She is an engineer nor an architect
83 That play was for her to see again
A too interesting B enough interesting C interesting enough D more interesting enough
84 The more we study, the we are
85 Mary can't speak French
A Either can Peter B Neither can't Peter C Neither can Peter D Peter can't neither
86 Everyone can in this school activity
A take off B take on C take part D take
87 we eat, the fatter we become
A The much B The more C Many D A lot of
88 The lesson for me to understand
A is very difficult B too difficult C difficult too D is too difficult
89 This exercise is I must finish it as soon as possible
A very important so B so important that C too important that D enough important that
90 She was she never had time to go out in the evening
A so busy that B very busy C busy enough D busy so that
91 She didn’t eat breakfast
92 There aren’t large glasses left
93 I have seen of Minh recently
94 Not _Denmark is hilly
Trang 11A.a lot of B any of C much of D many of
95 You can’t see much of a country in a week
A much of B some of C a lot of D many of
96 I won’t pass the exam I have missed many of my lessons
A some of B much of C many of D a lot of
97 He got _men friends, but he doesn’t know women
A lots of/ many B much/ many C many / many D many/ much
98 I don’t travel much these days
99 strong man has disheartened before such a challenge
100 time is needed to learn a language
101 us think it’s time for an election
102 cheese is made from cow’s milk
103 my friends live abroad
104 _us thought he was wrong
105 Thank you for bringing me along I never thought Shakespeare could be so fun
106 You should say and do
A many / few B much / little C few / many D little / much
107 Very people knew about it
108 He is a man of words
Trang 12109 heard about the book, but read it
A Many / few B Much / little C Many / little D Few / Fewer
110 "Do you know English?" "Just ."
111 She has very knowledge of the matter
112 The forces were unequal, they were we were
A many / few B much / little C few / much D little / much
113 We have imported computers this year than last year
114 There has been demand for computers this year than last year
115 in Shanghai than in any other city in China
A More people live B More people living C It has more people D More living people
116 I've been to the theater of times
117 But of the plays I've seen are modern
118 When I studied Shakespeare, I thought his plays were boring
A a great deal of B few C much D many
119 of Shakespeare's plays are about history
120 They spent time studying Victorian literature
A few B many C a large number of D much
121 popular expressions in our language have interesting background
A Little B Many C A large number D Much
122 At the beginning everybody spoke English very quickly and I couldn't understand But after days, it is easier and things I had learnt came back to me
A much / a few / many