Để học từ vựng một cách hiệu quả thì điều quan trọng phải nắm được cốt lõi của từ để từ đó phát triển vốn từ vựng. Gốc từ là những cụm kí tự được đưa vào một từ và tạo cho từ đó có nghĩa tương đương nhất định. Nhiều từ vựng có thể sử dụng một gốc từ, do đó khi ta nắm được nghĩa của gốc từ đó sẽ là chìa khóa giúp ta xác định được nghĩa của từ. Điều này hết sức quan trọng vì số lượng từ vựng trong tiếng anh thì đa dạng và phong phú. Hơn nữa trong kì thi IELTS hoặc TOEFL lượng từ mới được đưa vào bài thi nhiều và lạ, do vậy sở hữu cho mình những gốc từ mạnh mẽ sẽ giúp chúng ta gợi nhớ là cơ sở để chúng ta học từ vựng một cách thông minh, ít tốn bộ nhớ, logic và tiết kiệm thời gian hơn nhiều. Sau nhiều lần cập nhật và tối ưu, rootword 6.1 lần này, các gốc từ và các từ ngữ minh họa được sắp xếp theo thứ tự ABC, định nghĩa bằng tiếng anh, khoảng trống để ghi chú rất tiện lợi cho người dùng. Thiết kế trở nên tinh gọn dễ hiểu. Hi vọng với gốc từ sẽ là nơi bạn bắt đầu cho việc học anh văn của bạn.
128 root words version 6.1 ab→ away, from abdicate: /'æbdikeit/ a monarch saying she wants to be “away” from being in power abduct: /æb'dʌkt/ lead “away” aberrant: /æ'berәnt/ wander “away” abnormal: /æb'nɔ:mәl/ “away” from being normal abort: /ә'bɔ:t/ “away” from rising or beginning abrasive: /ә'breisiv/ relating to scraping “away” at absent: /ˈæb.sәnt/ being “away” from a place absolutely: /'æbsәlu:tli/ loosened “away” from any doubt absorb: /әb'sɔ:b/ suck “away” act, ag→ drive, act: /ækt/ to “do” action: /'ækʃn/ the state of “doing” activate: /'æktiveit/ to start something “doing” activity: /æk'tiviti/ a “doing” actor: /'æktә/ one who “does” her part in a play actual: /'æktjuәl/ of that which was “done” exact: /ig'zækt/ a very accurate “doing” exacting: /ig'zæktiɳ/ thoroughly “doing” inaction: /in'ækʃn/ the state of not “doing” proactive: of “doing” beforehand react: /ri:'ækt/ to “do” back reaction: /ri:'ækʃn/ a “doing” back transaction: /træn'zækʃn/ a “doing” across from a seller to a buyer agenda: things to be “done” agent: /'eidʤәnt/ one who “does” things for another agile: /'ædʤail/ of the ability to “do” difficult mental and physical things agility: /ә'dʤiliti/ the ability to “do” difficult mental and physical things agitate: /'ædʤiteit/ to “do” troublesome and irritating things to another ambiguous: /æm'bigjuәs/ of “doing” on both sides of an issue, and not clearly landing on one castigate: /'kæstigeit/ to “do” punishment to coagulate: /kou'ægjuleit/ to “do” or “drive” together exigent: /'eksidʤәnt/ of that which must be thoroughly “done” immediately litigate: /'litigeit/ to “do” a lawsuit navigate: /'nævigeit/ to “do” therefore “drive” a ship Friday, April 2017-THPology Page adapt: /әd'hɪә/ make suitable ‘towards’ adhere: /әd'hɪә/ stick ‘to’ adjective: /'ædʒɪktɪv/ word ‘towards’ a noun adjust: /ә'dʒʌst/ tilt ‘towards’ admit: /әd'mɪt/ send ‘to’ adopt: /ә'dɒpt/ to make a choice ‘towards’ adventure: /әd'ventʃә/ a coming ‘towards’ adverb: /'ædvɜb/ word ‘towards’ a verb or adjective advertise: /'ædvәtaiz/ turn ‘towards’ advice: /әd'vaɪs/ a looking ‘towards’ to help advisor: /әd'vaizә/ one who looks ‘towards’ another person to help him ad→ to, toward 128 root words version 6.1 am→ love amateur: /'æmәtә:/ one who “loves” to something but is not a professional at it amatory: /'æmәtәri/ of a “love” relationship amenity: /ә'mi:niti/ things that people “love” to have that make a place comfortable to live in amorous: /'æmәrәs/ of or pertaining to “love” enamoured: in “love” with inamorata: /in,æmә'rɑ:tә/ a female with whom someone has fallen in “love” inamorato: /in,æmә'rɑ:tou/ a male with whom someone has fallen in “love” ann→ year annals: /ænl/ record of the historical events of a ‘year’ in time anniversary: /ænɪ'vɜsәrɪ/ the turning of a ‘year’ annual: /'ænjʊәl/ of that which happens during a ‘year’ biannual: /bai'ænjuәl/ occurring twice per ‘year’ bicentennial: of a 200-‘year’ period biennial: /bai'eniәl/ happening once every two ‘years’ centennial: /sen'tenjәl/ of a 100-‘year’ period millennium: /mi'leniәm/ a 1000-‘year’ period perennial: /pә'renɪәl/ happening every ‘year’ quadrennial: /kwɔ'dreniәl/ happening once every four ‘years’ sesquicentennial: /'seskwisen'tenjәl/ of a 150-‘year’ period ante→ before ante: /'ænti/ to stake money “before” a poker game begins antebellum: /'ænti,tʃeimbә/ of a period “before” the american civil war antechamber: a smaller room “before” a larger room antechoir: the section in a church “before” the choir antedate: /‚æntɪ'deɪt/ to date “before” another event in time antediluvian: /‚æntɪdɪ'luːvjәn/ of “before” the great flood anteroom: a waiting room “before” a larger room anthrop→ human anthropoid: /'ænθrәʊpɔɪd/ “human”-like in shape anthropology: /‚ænθrә'pɒlәdʒɪ/ the study of “humans” anthropomorphic: shaped like a “human” misanthrope: /'mɪznθrәʊp ,-sn-/ a hater of “humans” philanthropist: /fɪ'lænθrәpɪst/ one who loves “humans” auto→ self, same Friday, April 2017-THPology Page antacid: /'ænt'æsid/ tablet used ‘against’ stomach acid antagonist: /æn'tægәnist/ one who goes ‘against’ another, usually the protagonist antarctica: continent ‘opposite’ the arctic on the globe anti: ‘against’ antibiotic: /‚æntɪ'baɪɑtɪk /-ɒtɪk/ drug given ‘against’ the life-form bacteria which has invaded a body antidote: /'æntɪdәʊt/ remedy given ‘against’ a poison antifreeze: /'ænti'fri:z/ a liquid used ‘against’ the freezing of cars’ engines antimatter: matter that is the ‘opposite’ of normal matter antiperspirant: product used to help fight ‘against’ perspiration antisocial: /'ænti'souʃәl/ of going ‘against’ being social antonym: /'æntәnim/ word ‘opposite’ another in meaning anti→ opposite 128 root words version 6.1 auto: /'ɔːtәʊ/ car that moves by it"self" autobiography: /,ɔ:toubai'ɔgrәfi/ life history written by the subject person her"self" autocracy: /ɔː'tɒkrәsɪ/ a system of government where individual “selves” rule with no central authority autofocus: a camera function where it focuses it"self" autograph: /'ɔ:tәgrɑ:f/ signature written by a person her"self" automatic: /,ɔ:tә'mætik/ of or pertaining to a process doing something by it"self" automation: /‚ɔːtә'meɪʃn/ process which moves all by it"self" automaton: /ɔ:'tɔmәtә/ robot which moves by it"self" automobile: /'ɔːtәmәʊbiːl/ car that moves by it"self" automotive: /,ɔ:tә'moutiv/ car that moves by it"self" autonomous: /ɔː'tɒnәmәs/ of rule by the “self” autopilot: /'ɔ:tә,pailәt/ a setting on a plane where the plane flies it"self" belli→ war rebellion: /ri'beljәn/ refusal to accept some authority or code or convention bi→ twice biannual: /bai'ænjuәl/ of happening ‘two’ times each year bicentennial: of a ‘two’ hundred-year anniversary biceps: /'baiseps/ muscle with ‘two’ heads that attach to bone bicycle: /'baɪsɪkl/ vehicle with ‘two’ wheels biennial: /bai'eniәl/ of happening once every ‘two’ years bilingual: /baɪ'lɪŋgwәl/ of knowing ‘two’ languages fluently binocular: /bi'nɔkjulә/ using ‘two’ eyes to see bipartite: /bai'pɑ:tait/ having ‘two’ parts biped: /'baiped/ animal that walks on ‘two’ feet dilemma: /dɪ'lemә/ a situation with ‘two’ equal choices dioxide: /daɪ'ɒksaɪd/ having ‘two’ oxygen atoms diphthong: /'difθɔɳ/ ‘two’ vowels as one syllable dipterous: /'diptәrәs/ of ‘two’ wings biblio→ book bibliography: /,bibli'ɔgrәfi/ ‘writing’ about books used bio→ life aerobic: pertaining to air for ‘life’ to exist amphibian: /æm'fibiәn/ ‘life’ living in water and on land anaerobic: /,æneә'rɔbik/ lacking air for ‘life’ to exist biography: /bai'ɔgrәfi/ a ‘life’ history biology: /bai'ɔlәdʤi/ study of ‘life’ biosphere: /'baɪәʊ‚sfɪә/ part of the earth where organisms ‘live’ microbiology: /,maikroubai'ɔlәdʤi/ study of very small ‘life’ forms symbiosis: /,simbi'ousis/ two ‘life’ forms living together Friday, April 2017-THPology Page cap: /kæp/ covering for the ‘head’ capital letter: used at the ‘head’ of a sentence, or for a ‘head’ noun capital punishment: taking the ‘head,’ or the life, of a criminal capital: ‘head’ city of a state capitol building: ‘head’ building of congress capitol hill: ‘head’ hill in washington captain: /'kæptin/ ‘head’ of something, like a ship capit→ head 128 root words version 6.1 cattle: /'kætl/ ‘head’ property of a farmer chapter: /'tʃæps/ ‘head’ of part of a book decapitate: /di,kæpiteit/ to cut off the ‘head’ per capita: by the ‘head’ recapitulate: /,ri:kә'titjuleit/ come back to the ‘head’ again ced, cess→ go, move accede: /æk'si:d/ to ‘go’ towards antecedent: /,ænti'si:dәnt/ that which ‘goes’ before intercede: /,intә'si:d/ to ‘go’ between precede: /pri:'si:d/ to ‘go’ before precedent: /'presidәnt/ an example that is used to justify similar occurrences at a later time procedure: /procedure/ a ‘going’ forth recede: /ri'si:d/ to ‘go’ back secede: /si'si:d/ to ‘go’ apart cess→ going towards ancestor: /'ænsestә/ one who has ‘gone’ before you exceed: /ɪk'siːd/ ‘go’ out of normal boundaries excess: /ɪk'ses/ ‘going’ out of normal limits necessity: /nɪ'sesәtɪ/ that with which one cannot ‘go’ without proceed: /prә'sɪːd/ ‘go’ forth recession: /rɪ'seʃn/ act of ‘going’ backwards succeed: /sәk'sɪːd/ ‘go’ to the foot of a goal success: /sәk'ses/ ‘go’ up to a goal cent→ hundred bicentennial: of a period of two “hundred” years cent: /sent/ “one-hundredth” of a dollar centenarian: /,senti'neәriәn/ a person who is “one hundred” years old centennial: /sen'tenjәl/ of a period of “one hundred” years centigram: /'sentigræm/ one “one-hundredth” of a gram centiliter: /'senti,mi:tә/ one “one-hundredth” of a liter centimeter: /'senti,mi:tә/ one “one-hundredth” of a meter century: /'sentʃʊrɪ/ “one hundred” years percent: /pәr'sent /pә'-/ per “one hundred” percentage: /pә'sentidʤ/ the number correct based upon “one hundred” points percentile: a ranking based upon “one hundred” people supercentenarian: a person who is “one hundred” ten years old tricentennial: of a period of three “hundred” years Friday, April 2017-THPology Page center: /'sentә/ an area that is approximately central within some larger region central: /'sentrәl/ pertaining to the “center” centrifugal: /sen'trifjugel/ of the force where objects flee a “center” centrifuge: /'sentrifju:dʤ/ device which causes less dense material to flee the “center” centripetal: /sen'tripitl/ of the force where objects seek a “center” concentrate: /'kɔnsentreit/ “center” together thought processes eccentric: /ik'sentrik/ a person whose behavior is off-“center” in comparison with others egocentric: /,egou'sentrik/ i-“centered” epicenter: the “center” of an earthquake centr→ center 128 root words version 6.1 geocentric: /,dʤi:ou'sentrik/ earth-“centered” heliocentric: /,hi:liou'sentrik/ sun-“centered” cept, cip→ taken accept: /әk'sept/ ‘taken’ towards capable: /'keipәbl/ able to ‘take’ something and work effectively with it capacity: /kә'pæsiti/ amount that can be ‘taken’ in conceive: /kәn'si:v/ thoroughly ‘take’ an idea deceive: /di'si:v/ ‘take’ someone away from the truth deception: /di'sepʃn/ ‘taken’ from the truth disciple: /di'saipl/ one who ‘takes’ in knowledge except: /ik'sept/ ‘taken’ from incapacitated: /,inkә'pæsiteit/ not able to ‘take’ in life’s arrows inception: /in'sepʃn/ ‘taken’ in at the beginning incipient: /in'sipiәnt/ ‘taken’ in at the beginning intercept: ‘taken’ between origin and target omit: /ou'mit/ ‘send away’ perceive: /pә'si:v/ thoroughly ‘take’ in one’s surrounding perceptive: /pә'septiv/ having thoroughly ‘taken’ in one’s surroundings principle: /'prinsәpl/ moral standard ‘taken’ first receive: /ri'si:v/ to ‘take’ back to oneself receptacle: /ri'septәkl/ container which “takes” something back into it for safekeeping receptive: /ri'septiv/ ‘taken’ back to oneself recipient: /ri'sipiәnt/ one who ‘takes’ something back towards herself susceptible: able to be ‘taken’ under chron→ time anachronism: /ә'nækrәnizm/ wrong ‘time’ chronic: /'krɔnik/ pertaining to ‘time’ chronicle: /'krɔnikl/ events in ‘time’ chronograph: /'krɔnәgrɑ:f/ writer of ‘time’ chronological/,krɔnә'lɔdʤikәl/ ‘time’ sequence chronometer: /krә'nɔmitә/ instrument that measures ‘time’ crony: /'krouni/ friend over ‘time’ synchronized: /'siɳkrәnaiz/ happens at the same ‘time’ circum→ around concise: /kәnsais/ ‘thoroughly cut’ Friday, April 2017-THPology Page cis→ cut circle: /'sә:kl/ a figure in the shape of a ‘ring’ circuit: /'sә:kit/ path in the shape of a ‘ring’ circuitry: system of ‘ring’-shaped paths circulate: /'sә:kjuleit/ to move around in a loop or ‘ring’ circulatory: /'sә:kjuleitәri/ of moving about in a ‘ring’ circumference: /sә'kʌmfәrәns/ a bearing or carrying ‘around’ a circle circumnavigate: /,sә:kәm'nævi'geiʃn/ to sail ‘around’ circumstances: /'sә:kәmstәns/ those events which stand ‘around’ you circumvent: /,sә:kәm'vent/ go or come ‘around’ circus maximus: the biggest roman ‘ring’ or chariot-racing track of all circus: /'sә:kәs/ roman track in the shape of a ‘ring’ 128 root words version 6.1 decision: /di'siʤn/ a ‘cutting off’ fratricide: /'freitrisaid/ ‘killing of a brother’ herbicide: /'hә:bisaid/ ‘killing of a plant’ homicide: ‘killing of a human’ incisive: /in'saisiv/ ‘cut into’ clud→ shut, close closed-minded: having a mind that is ‘shut’ to new ideas closure: /'klouʤә/ a ‘shutting’ of something, such as a book or schooll year conclude: /kәn'klu:d/ thoroughly ‘shut’ (to conclude something with something) enclose: /in'klouz/ ‘shut’ in exclude: /iks'klu:d/ ‘shut’ out include: /in'klu:d/ ‘shut’ in recluse: /ri'klu:s/ person ‘shut’ back from civilization seclude: /si'klu:d/ ‘shut’ apart cogn→ know, learn cognition: /kɔg'niʃn/ ‘learning’ process cognizant: /'kɔgnizәnt/ ‘learned’ cognoscente: those ‘having learned’ connoisseur: /,kɔni'sә:/ one who has ‘learned’ incognito: /in'kɔgnitou/ ‘not learned’ about by others precognition: /'pri:kәg'niʃn/ ‘learning beforehand’ recognize: /'rekәgnaiz/ ‘learn again’ reconnaissance: /ri'kɔnisәns/ a ‘learning about before’ cosm→ order microcosm: /'maikroukɔzm/ a miniature model of something Friday, April 2017-THPology Page aristocracy: /,æris'tɔkrәsi/ “rule by” the best aristocrat: /'æristәkræt/ the best “rule autocracy: /ɔ:'tɔkrәsi/ “rule by” a single, all-powerful person autocrat: /'ɔ:kәkræt/ a single, all-powerful “ruler” bureaucracy: /bjuә'rɔkrәsi/ “rule by” administrative officials bureaucrat: /'bjuәroukræt/ one who “rules” as an administrative official democracy: /di'mɔkrәsi/ “rule by” the people democrat: /'demәkræt/ one who supports people “ruling” democratic: /,demә'krætik/ relating to “rule” by the people kleptocracy: a “rule by” thieves kleptocrat: a thief who “rules” plutocracy: /'lpu:tɑ:ki/ “rule by” the wealthy plutocrat: /'plu:tәkræt/ “ruler” who is wealthy technocracy: “rule by” those with technical know-how technocrat: “ruler” with technical expertise anarchist: /'ænәkist/ one who believes in having no centralized “rule” by a government anarchy: /'ænәki/ a system where there is no “rule” archive: historical documents traditionally kept by “rulers” of a government archon: “ruler” hierarchy: levels of “rule” within an organization of some kind matriarch: /'meitriɑ:k/ female “ruler” over a clan or small community crat, arch→ rule 128 root words version 6.1 matriarchy: /'meitriɑ:ki/ system of “rule” whereby a powerful female is the head of a clan or small community monarch: /'mɔnәk/ a single “ruler,” such as a king or queen monarchy: /'mɔnәki/ a type of government “ruled” by a queen or king oligarch: /'ɔligɑ:k/ a member of an oligarchy oligarchy: /'ɔligɑ:ki/ “rule” by a small group of powerful people patriarch: /'peitriɑ:k/ male “ruler” over a clan or small community patriarchy: /'peitriɑ:ki/ system of “rule” whereby a powerful male is the head of a clan or small community cred→ believe credit: /'kredit/ state of being “believed” creed: /kri:p/ statement of a religious “belief” incredible: /in'kredәbl/ not to be “believed” curr→ run concurrent: /kәn'kʌrәnt/ “running” together course: /kɔ:s/ an academic “run” of learning current: /'kʌrәnt/ that which is “running” now curriculum: /kә'rikjulәm/ many academic “runs” of learning cursive: /'kә:siv/ handwriting where the hand “runs” over the paper cursor: /'kә:sә/ a pointer which “runs” over a computer screen discourse: /dis'kɔ:s/ verbally “running” on and on about something excursion: /iks'kә:ʃn/ a “running” out to go somewhere incur: /in'kә:/ a “running” into occurrence: that which “runs” toward someone recourse: /ri'kɔ:s/ condition of “running” back for help recurrent: /ri'kʌrәnt/ “running” again and again succor: /'sʌkә/ help which “runs” towards another cycl→ circle bicycle: /'baisikl/ two-wheeled or “circled” vehicle cyclist: /'saiklist/ one who pedals vehicles with “circles” as wheels cycle: /'saikl/ a period of events which “circle” back to an original state cyclone: /'saikloun/ great “circular” storm cyclops: /'saiklɔps/ great mythological single “circle”-eyed giant cyclotron: /'saiklәtrɔn/ an instrument used by physicists that accelerate particles in a “circle” encyclopedia: en,saiklou'pi:djә/ books which teach the whole “circle” of knowledge motorcycle: /'moutә,saikl/ motorized vehicle with two wheels or “circles” recycle: to “circle” back again tricycle: /traik/ three-wheeled or “circled” vehicle unicycle: one-wheeled or “circled” vehicle Friday, April 2017-THPology Page decaffeinated: describes coffee or tea from which the caffeine (= a chemical substance) has been removed decapitate: /di,kæpiteit/ to take “off” a head decelerate: /di:'selәreit/ to move down “from” the current speed to a slower one decide: /di'said/ to cut “off” false possibilities or poor options deciduous: /di'sidjuәs/ (of plants and shrubs) shedding foliage at the end of the growing season decision: /di'siʤn/ a cutting “off” of all possibilities but one deduce: /di'dju:s/ to arrive at a conclusion by leading evidence “from” a given situation deficient: /di'fiʃәnt/ of doing tasks “off” from how they should be done dejected: /di'dʤektid/ thrown “off” in spirits de→ off, from 128 root words version 6.1 demote: /di'mout/ to be moved down “from” a current job status depend: /di'pend/ hang “from” depression: pressed “off” or “from” a good mood derive: /di'raiv/ to come “from” detract: /di'trækt/ to drag “from” dia→ through dialect: /'daiәlekt/ a variant language that allows a speaking “across” from one person to another diagonal: /dai'ægәnl/ line “across” a rectangle from one corner to another diameter: /dai'æmitә/ measurement “across” a circle through its midpoint diametrically: fully “across” from something else diagram: /'daiәgræm/ figure written “across” a page to illustrate a concept or information of some kind diadem diaphanous: /dai'æfәnәs/ of light shining “across” or “through” a clear material diachronic: /daiә'krɔnik/ of going “across” time dialogue: /'daiәlɔg/ a speaking “across” between two people diaspora: /dai'æspәrә/ a scattering “across” the world dict→ say addict: /'ædikt/ ‘speaks’ heavily towards something dis→ apart, not distant: /'distәnt/ stand “apart” dissimilar: /'di'similә/ “apart” from being similar distract: /dis'trækt/ draw “apart” disrupt: disrupt break “apart” disorder: /dis'ɔ:dә/ “apart” from orderliness disquiet: /dis'kwaiәt/ “apart” from quiet disappear: /,disә'piә/ “apart” from being present disease: /di'zi:z/ “apart” from ease disadvantage: /,disәd'vɑ:ntidʤ/ “apart” from having an advantage disinter: /'disin'tә:/ to take “apart” from being in the ground dislocate: /'dislәkeit/ to take “apart” from the usual location distrust: /dis'trʌst/ “apart” from being trustworthy disinterested: /dis'intristid/ “apart” from being interested disband: /dis'bænd/ when a band of people go “apart” from each other discomfort: /dis'kʌmfәt/ being “apart” from feeling comfortable dorm→ sleep dormant: /'dɔ:mәnt/ lying asleep or as if asleep; inactive dormitory: /'dɔ:mitri/ a college or university building containing living quarters for students Friday, April 2017-THPology Page abduct: /æd'dʌkt/ ‘lead’ away aqueduct: /'ækwidʌkt/ structure which ‘leads’ water conduct: /'kɔndәkt/ thoroughly ‘lead’ conductor: /kәn'dʌktә/ one who thoroughly ‘leads’ deduct: /di'dʌkt/ ‘lead’ down from duchess: /'dʌtʃis/ ‘leader’ duct: /'dʌki/ tube which ‘leads’ a substance duke: /dju:k/ ‘leader’ educate: /'edju:keit/ ‘lead’ forth introduce:/,intrә'dju:s/ ‘lead’ within duct→ lead 128 root words version 6.1 product: /product/ item ‘led’ forth reduce: /ri'dju:s/ ‘lead’ back ego→ i ego: /'egou/ the way a person thinks about herself, that is, her “i” superego: that part of the ego or “i” that watches over what it does epi→ upon, over epicenter: place directly “over” the origin of an earthquake epidemic: /,epi'demik/ a widespread disease that comes “upon” people epidermis: /,epi'dә:mis / top layer of skin placed “over” the two underlying layers epigram: /'epigræm/ short number of words written “over” a particular topic epigraph: /'epigrɑ:f/ appropriate words written “over” the chapter in a book epilogue: /'epilɔg/ writing “upon” the conclusion of a written work epitaph: /'epitɑ:f/ writing “upon” a tomb epithet: /'epiθet/ descriptor placed “upon” someone’s name eponym: someone’s name placed “upon” a place equ→ equal equal: /'i:kwәl/ of being the same, or “equal” equation: /i'kweiʃn/ a mathematical statement that two expressions are equal equate: /i'kweit/ to make two things “equal” to one another equilateral: /'i:kwi'lætәrәl/ having sides that are “equal” equivalent: /i'kwivәlәnt/ having “equal” value equator: /i'kweitә / line of latitude which divides planet earth into “equal” halves equinox: /'i:kwinɔks/ a time of “equal” light and darkness equality: /i:kwɔliti/ state or condition of being “equal” adequate: /'ædikwit/ “equal” to what is needed equanimity: /'i:kwә'nimiti/ a state of the mind being “equal” or peaceful equilibrium: a state of being “equally” or evenly balanced extra→ outside extra: “outside” what is considered to be a normal amount of something extraordinary: /iks'trɔ:dnri/ “outside” the ordinary extra credit: “outside” credit extracurricular: “outside” the general curriculum of a school extrasensory: of being “outside” the five senses extra-terrestrial: of being “outside” the planet earth extravagant: /iks'trævigәnt/ wandering “outside” normal boundaries, usually of cost extrovert: turned “outside” of oneself extravert: variant spelling of “extrovert” extraneous: /eks'treinjәs/ of information that is not necessary to something, hence “outside” of what is needed Friday, April 2017-THPology Page artifact: ‘made’ by human skill benefactor: /'benifæktә/ good-‘doer’ fact: /fækt/ thing ‘made’ factor: /'fæktә/ ‘maker’ factory: /'fæktәri/ place where things are ‘made’ factual: /'fæktjuәl/ pertaining to a thing ‘made’ malefactor: /'mælifæktә/ evil-‘doer’ manufacture: /,mænju'fæktʃә/ ‘make’ by hand petrifaction: /,petri'fækʃn/ ‘making’ stone fact→ make, done 128 root words version 6.1 satisfaction: /,sætis'fækʃn/ ‘done’ enough stupefaction: /,stju:pifæktiv/ the act or an instance of stupefying fall→ trick, deceptive fallacious: /fә'leiʃәs/ ‘deceptive’ fallacy: /'fælәsi/ a ‘deceptive’ notion false: /fɔ:ls/ a ‘deceptive’ truth falsify: /'fɔ:lsifai/ to ‘make a trick’ infallible: /in'fælәbl/ ‘not capable of being tricked’ fect→ make affect: /ә'fekt/ ‘done’ towards confection: /kәn'fekʃn/ dessert thoroughly ‘done’ defect: /di'fekt/ ‘done’ not quite right effect: /i'fekt/ result ‘made’ by ‘doing’ something effective: able to get things ‘done’ infected: /in'fekt/ ‘made’ inroads into your body perfect: /'pә:fikt/ thoroughly ‘made’ refectory: /ri'fektәri/ place where you are ‘made’ new again fer→ carry, bring circumference: /sә'kʌmfәrәns/ a ‘carrying’ around different: /'difrәnt/ ‘carried’ apart fertile: /'fә:tail/ ‘carries’ much fruit infer: /in'fә:/ ‘carry’ into prefer: /pri'fә:/ ‘carry’ before refer: /ri'fә:/ ‘carry’ back referendum: /,refә'rendәm/ vote ‘carried’ back suffer: /'sʌfә/ ‘carry’ under transfer: /'trænsfә:/ ‘carry’ across vociferous: /vou'sifәrәs/ voice ‘carrying’ fid, feder→ trust, faith affidavit: /,æfi'deivit/ written declaration made under oath confidant: /,kɔnfi'dænt/ a person whom you can thoroughly “trust” to keep a secret confide: /kәn'faid/ to give sensitive information to someone else to hold in “trust” confidence: /'kɔnfidәns/ state or condition of being given in “trust” confident: /'kɔnfidәnt/ thoroughly “trusting” yourself in your ability to something confidential:/,kɔnfi'denʃl/ of that which is told in “trust” diffident: /'difidәnt/ not “trusting” oneself fidelity: /fi'deliti/ “trustworthiness” fido: /'faidou/ dog’s name which means “trusty” infidel: /'infidәl/ a person who cannot be “trusted” to uphold principles of right and wrong perfidious: /pә:'fidiәs/ of going through someone’s “trust,” hence breaking it Friday, April 2017-THPology Page artificial: /,ɑ:ti'fiʃәl/ ‘made’ with human skill beneficial: /,beni'fiʃәl/ ‘making’ something good certification: /,sә:tifi'keiʃn/ act of ‘making’ sure deficient: /di'fiʃәnt/ ‘made’ lacking or off of what it should be difficult: /'difikәlt/ not ‘made’ easily efficient: /i'fiʃәnt/ ‘makes’ thoroughly 10 fic→ make, 128 root words version 6.1 transition: /træn'siʤn/ act of “going” across from one activity to another transitory: /'trænsitәri/ of “going” quickly inter→ between interact: /,intәr'ækt/ act ‘between’ intercept: seize ‘between’ interconnected: /'intәkә'nektid/ linked ‘between’ interested: /'intristid/ be ‘between intermission: /,intә'miʃn/ time sent ‘between’ international: /,intә'næʃәnl/ ‘between’ nations internet: networks that exist ‘between’ each other interoffice: /'intәr'ɔfis/ ‘between’ offices interrupt: /,intә'rʌpt/ burst ‘between’ interscholastic: /,intәskә'læstik/ ‘between’ schools intersection: a cutting ‘between’ interstate: /'intәsteit/ ‘between’ states ject→ thrown conjecture: /kәn'dʤektʃә/ guess ‘thrown’ together dejected: /di'dʤektid/ ‘thrown’ down or off kilter eject: /'i:dʤekt/ ‘throw’ out injection: /in'dʤekʃn/ a ‘throwing’ in interject: /,intә'dʤekt/ ‘throw’ between jet: /dʤet/ ‘thrown’ across the sky jettison: /'dʤetisn/ ‘throw’ out projector: /projector/ that which ‘throws’ forth reject: /'ri:dʤekt/ ‘throw’ back trajectory: /trædʤikәri/ path ‘thrown’ across labor→ work belabor: to “work” out ad nauseam collaborate: /kә'læbәreit/ to “work” together elaborate: /i'læbәrit/ of something fully “worked” out elaborate: /i'læbәrit/ to “work” out a puzzle or problem lab: /læb/ short for laboratory labor: /'leibә/ “work” laboratory: /lә'bɔrәtәri/ place where scientists “work” laborer: one who “works” laborious: /lә'bɔ:riәs/ filled with “work” lat→ carry alleviate: /ә'li:vieit/ to make a troubling situation move towards being ‘light’ elevate: /'eliveit/ to raise something, thereby making it ‘light’ enough to so Friday, April 2017-THPology Page lev→ light 14 collate: /kɔ'leit/ ‘carry’ together elated: /i'leitid/ ‘carried’ out of a normal emotional state legislate: /'ledʤisleit/ ‘carry’ laws to creation relate: /ri'leit/ ‘carry’ back relative: /'relәtiv/ one ‘carried’ back to you superlative: /sju:'pә:lәtiv/ ‘carried’ over and above translate: /træns'leit/ ‘carry’ across from one language to another 128 root words version 6.1 elevator: /'eliveitә/ that which makes a body ‘light’ enough to be raised irrelevant: /i'relivәnt/ having no bearing on or connection with the subject at issue lever: /'li:vә/ tool which makes a heavy object ‘light’ to lift levitation: /,levi'teiʃn/ when a body is ‘light’ enough to float above the ground levy: /'levi/ to raise something because it has been made ‘light’ relevant: /'relivәnt/ of a point which can be raised because it is ‘light’ relieve: /ri'li:v/ to make ‘light’ again loc→ place echolocation: a sensory system in certain animals, such as bats and dolphins in lieu of: in “place” of local: /'loukәl/ of a certain “place” locale: /'loukәl/ a “place,” especially in a story locality: /lou'kæliti/ a “place” locate: /lou'keit/ to find the “place” of, or to “place” locomote: /'loukәmout/ to move from “place” to “place” locomotive: /'loukә,moutiv/ train which moves goods from “place” to “place” milieu: the “place” that surrounds one relocate: to “place” yourself again log, ology→ word, study log: /lɔg/ book of ‘words’ biology: /bai'ɔlәdʤi/ ‘study’ of life catalog: listing of ‘words’ dialogue: /'djuәlɔg/ ‘words’ between people epilogue: /'epilɔg/ after’word’ etymology: /,eti'mɔlәdʤi/ ‘study’ of the origin of words genealogy: /,dʤi:ni'ælәdʤi/ ‘study’ of one’s family history monologue: /'mɔnәlɔg/ ‘words’ of one person prologue: /prologue/ ‘word’ beforehand zoology: /zou'ɔlәdʤi/ ‘study’ of animals luc, lum, lus→ light illuminate: /i'ju:mineit/ make lighter or brighter luster: /'lʌstә/ a quality that outshines the usual translucent: /trænz'lu:snt/ almost transparent man→ hand immediate: /i'mi:djәt/ not acting in a “middle” way, but doing it right away intermediate: /,intә'mi:djәt/ the “middle” state between two things, such as “middle” school Friday, April 2017-THPology Page medi→ middle 15 emancipation: /i,mænsi'peiʃn/ a setting free of the ‘hands’ manacle: /'mænәkl/ a restraint that binds the ‘hands’ manage: /'mænidʤ/ lead by ‘hand’ manicure: /'mænikjuә/ a taking care of the ‘hands’ manipulate: /mә'nipjuleit/ operate by ‘hand’ manners: /'mænә/ social ‘handiness’ manual: /'mænjuәl/ of being done by ‘hand’ manufacture: /,mænju'fæktʃә/ make by ‘hand’ manure: /mә'njuә/ animal fertilizer which is spread by ‘hand’ manuscript: /'mænjuskript/ document written by ‘hand’ 128 root words version 6.1 media: /'mi:djәm/ a means or instrumentality for storing or communicating information median: /'mi:djәn/ the value below which 50% of the cases fall mediator: /'mi:dieitә/ one who is in the “middle” of a conflict who helps solve it medieval: /,medi'i:vәl/ of the “middle” ages mediocre: /'mi:dioukә/ of doing work in the “middle” between excellent and poor mediterranean: /,meditә'reinjәn/ the sea in the “middle” of the land medium: /'mi:djәm/ in the “middle” of two extremes mega→ large, great mega: ‘large’ megabyte: a ‘large’ number of bytes megadose: very ‘large’ dose megahit: ‘large’ hit or success megalith: a very ‘large’ stone megalopolis: a very ‘large’ city megaphone: /'megәfoun/ instrument that makes a ‘large’ sound megastar: a superstar who is even “larger” than other stars megastore: a very ‘large’ store omega: /'oumigә/ greek ‘large’ letter “o” micro→ small microbe: /'maikroub/ very ‘small’ life form microbiologist: /,maikroubai'ɔlәdʤist/ a scientist who studies ‘small’ living creatures micromanager: supervisor who looks at every ‘small’ thing her employees microorganism: /'maikrou'ɔ:gәnizm/ very ‘small’ living creature consisting of one cell microphone: /'maikrәfoun/ makes a ‘small’ voice loud microprocessor: ‘small’ computer processing unit microscope: /'maikrәskoup/ instrument that makes ‘small’ things perceptible microwave: /'maikrәweiv/ ‘small’ radio wave mater, matri→ mother, home maternity: /mә'tә:niti/ the state of being a mother; motherhood mit→ send commit: /kә'mit/ ‘send together’ demise: /di'maiz/ ‘sent away’ dismiss: /dis'mis/ ‘send away’ emit: /i'mit/ ‘send out’ omit: /ou'mit/ ‘send away’ permit: /'pә:mit/ ‘send through’ submissive: /sәb'misiv/ ‘send beneath’ submit: /sәb'mit/ ‘send under’ surmise: /sә:'maiz/ ‘send over’ mort→ death Friday, April 2017-THPology Page amorphous: /ә'mɔ:fәs/ not having a fixed ‘shape’ anthropomorphic: /,ænθrәpә'mɔ:fik/ ‘human-shaped’ metamorphosis: /,metә'mɔ:fәsis/ ‘shape’ change morpheme: /'mɔ:fi:m/ word ‘shape’ morphology: /mɔ:'fɔlәdʤi/ study of the ‘shape’ words take polymorph: change into many ‘shapes’ 16 morph→ shape, form 128 root words version 6.1 immortal: /i'mɔ:tl/ of not suffering “death” mortal: /'mɔ:tl/ of or pertaining to “death” mortgage: “dead” pledge mortgagor: /,ɔgә'dʤɔ:/ one who holds a mortgage mortuary: /'mɔ:tjuәri/ a funeral home to which those who have suffered “death” are brought postmortem: after “death” examination rigor mortis: the stiffness of “death” mot, mob, mov→ move automotive: /,ɔ:tә'moutiv/ car that “moves” by itself demote: /di'mout/ to “move” down or from a position demotion: /di'mouʃn/ a “moving” downward, as in social status emotional: /'imouʃәnl/ pertaining to being strongly “moved” locomotive: /'loukә,moutiv/ engine that “moves” freight cars motel: /mou'tel/ a hotel for “motorists” motion: /'mouʃn/ the condition of “moving” motivate: /'moutiveit/ to “move” a person so that she will something motor: /'moutә/ engine or machine that “moves” motorcycle: /'moutә,saikl/ two-wheeled vehicle that “moves” motorcyclist: the driver of a motorcycle motorist: /'moutәraiz/ one who “moves” a car by driving it promote: /promote/ to “move” forward promotion: /promotion/ a “moving” forward, as in social status remote: /ri'mout/ that which is “moved” back multi→ many multicolored: having “many” colors multiculturalism: the study of “many” cultures and the appreciation theory multilingual: /'mʌlti'liɳgwәl/ pertaining to “many” languages multimedia: “many” different types of media multimillionaire: /'mʌlti'liɳgwәl/ one who possesses “many” millions of dollars multinational: of “many” nations multiple: /'mʌltipl/ “many” multiplication: /,mʌltipli'keiʃn/ a multiplicative increase multiply: /'mʌltiplai/ to make “many” things multitask to perform “many” tasks at the same time multitude: /'mʌltitju:d/ “many” of something multivitamin: a single capsule that contains “many” vitamins Friday, April 2017-THPology Page anonymous: /ә'nɔnimәs/ without a ‘name’ antonym: /'æntәnim/ word whose ‘name’ is opposite another binomial: pertaining to two ‘names’ denominator: /di'nɔmineitә/ the number below the line in a fraction homonym: /'hɔmәnim/ word that has the same-sounding ‘name’ as another metronymic: /,mætrou'nimik/ the mother’s ‘name’ misnomer: /'mis'noumә/ wrong ‘name’ nomenclature: /nou'menklәtʃә/ system for ‘naming’ nominate: /'nɔmineit/ to ‘name’ nominee: /,nɔmi'ni:/ one ‘named’ noun: /naun/ a ‘name’ for something 17 nom, onym→ name 128 root words version 6.1 patronymic: /,pætrә'nimik/ the father’s ‘name’ pronoun: /pronoun/ a word which stands for the ‘name’ of someone or something pseudonym: false ‘name’ synonym: /'sinәnim/ word that shares its ‘name’ together with another non→ not non-sequitur: a statement which does “not” follow from its premises nonexistent: of something that does “not” exist nonfat: “not” having fat nonfiction: of a book that is “not” fictional, but factual nonflying: of a bird which does “not” fly nonperishable: “not” subject to spoiling or decaying nonpoisonous: “not” poisonous nonsensical: /nɔn'sensikәl/ of “not” making sense nonsmoker: one who does “not” smoke nonstick: of that which does “not” stick sine qua non: an essential element or condition umpire: /'ʌmpaiә/ he who is “not” on either team’s side, but is completely neutral nov→ new innovation: /,inou'veiʃn/ act of making something “new” nova: /'nouvә/ a star which “newly” appears in the sky novel: “new” novelty: /'nɔvәlti/ a “new” item novice: /'nɔvis/ a person “new” to something novitiate: /nou'viʃiit/ a person “new” to a religious order renovate: /'renouveit/ to make “new” again supernova: an exploding star which “newly” appears in the sky ob→ against object: /'ɔbdʤikt/ talking thrown “against” or “in the way” of a suggestion objective: /ɔb'dʤektiv/ of throwing only facts “towards” thinking about something obligation: /,ɔbli'geiʃn/ being “tied” to someone or something obliging: /ә'blaidʤiɳ/ feeling bound “towards” helping someone obnoxious: /әb'nɔkʃәs/ of sending harm “towards” someone else observe: /әb'zә:v/ to see something that is “towards” your line of sight obstacle: /'ɔbstәkl/ that which stands “in the way” or “against” someone obstruction: /әb'strʌkʃn/ that which is piled “against” someone or “in the way” of him obtrude: /әb'tru:d/ a pushing “towards” something obvious: /'ɔbviәs/ of being so “in the way” that it’s easily perceived pater, patri→ father Friday, April 2017-THPology Page obdurate: /'ɔbdjurit/ “thoroughly” hard, and so stubborn obfuscate: /'ɔbfʌkeit/ “thoroughly” darken obligation: /,ɔbli'geiʃn/ that which ties “towards” you obstacle: /'ɔbstәkl/ that which stands “against” obstreperous: /әb'strepәrәs/ “thoroughly” make noise obtain: /әb'tein/ “thoroughly” hold onto obtuse: /әb'tju:s/ of being “thoroughly” mentally dull occlude: /'ɔklu:d/ “thoroughly” block occultation: /,ɔkәl'teiʃn/ the process of “thoroughly” hiding occupy: /'ɔkjupai/ “thoroughly” take 18 ob+→ thoroughly 128 root words version 6.1 paternal: /pә'tә:nl/ belonging to one’s father patriarch: /'peitriɑ:k/ a man who rules a family, clan, or tribe path→ feeling, diseased antipathy: /æn'tipәθi/ a ‘feeling’ against someone or something apathy: /'æpәθi/ no ‘feeling’ empathy: /'empәθi/ a ‘feeling’ like that in another pathogen: microorganism which brings about ‘disease’ pathology: /pә'θɔlәdʤi/ the study of ‘disease’ psychopath: /'saikәpæθ/ one who has a ‘diseased’ mind sociopath: one who has a ‘diseased’ way of interacting in society sympathy: /'simpәθi/ a ‘feeling’ with ped→ foot pedal: /'pedl/ a lever that is operated with the foot pend→ hang, weigh compensation: /,kɔmpen'seiʃn/ the act of ‘weighing’ together dependent: /di'pendәnt/ ‘hang’ from expense: /iks'pens/ a ‘weighing’ out expensive: /iks'pensiv/ of a ‘weighing’ out a lot independent: /,indi'pendәnt/ not ‘hanging’ from pendant: /'pendәnt/ jewellery item which ‘hangs’ pending: /'pendiɳ/ ‘hanging’ pendulum: /'pendjulәm/ swinging weight that ‘hangs’ from a rope pensive: /'pensiv/ of a ‘weighing’ heavily on one’s mind suspend: /sәs'pend/ ‘hang’ suspense: /sәs'pens/ condition of ‘hanging’ per→ through perambulate: /pә'ræmbjuleit/ to walk “through” a place or area perennial: /pә'renjәl/ of coming up “through” the years perfidy: /pә:'fidiәnis/ act of going “through” another’s trust perforate: /'pә:fәreit/ to punch or bore holes “through” a material perfunctory: /pә'fʌɳktәri/ of just getting “through” something perish: /'periʃ/ to go completely “through” a lifetime perjury: /'pә:dʤәri/ swear “through” an oath permanent: /'pә:mәnәnt/ a staying “through” permeable: /'pә:mjәbl/ capable of passing “through” permission: /pә'miʃn/ act of sending “through” a request person: /'pә:sn/ one who sounds “through” a face perspire: /pәs'paiә/ to have sweat breathe “through” your skin pervasive: /pә:'veisiv/ of going “through” Friday, April 2017-THPology Page assonance: /'æsәnәns/ a vowel ‘sound’ that occurs repeatedly in poetry cacophony: /kæ'kɔfәni/ a harsh, unpleasant ‘sound’ consonant: /'kɔnsәnәnt/ letter which has to ‘sound’ with a vowel dissonance: /'disәnәns/ bad ‘sound’ euphonious: /ju:'founjәs/ of good ‘sound’ homophone: words that ‘sound’ the same but are different in meaning and usually spelling megaphone: /'megәfoun/ device that makes a very big ‘sound’ when speaking into it 19 phone, son→ voice, sound 128 root words version 6.1 microphone: /'maikrәfoun/ device that makes the small ‘sound’ of a voice louder phone: /foun/ short for telephone phoneme: /'founi:m/ smallest units of ‘sound’ in words phonetics: /fou'netiks/ study of the ‘sounds’ that words make phonograph: /'founәgrɑ:f/ device which played ‘sounds’ which were written on records resonate: /'rezәneit/ to ‘sound’ again and again resounding: ‘sounding’ again and again saxophone: /'sæksәfoun/ instrument invented by adolphe sax sonar: /sou'nɑ:/ equipment, especially on a ship, which uses sound waves to discover how deep the water is sonata: /sә'nɑ:tә/ a musical piece of instrumental ‘sound’ only sonic: /'sɔnik/ pertaining to ‘sound’ sonnet: /'sɔnit/ a short poem which therefore has little ‘sound’ sound: /saund/ ‘sound’ sousaphone: instrument invented by john philip sousa symphony: /'simfәni/ group of instruments which ‘sound’ together telephone: /'telifoun/ device which carries ‘sound’ over long distances unison: /'ju:nizn/ ‘sounding’ as one xylophone: /'sailәfoun/ instrument which makes ‘sound’ via mallets hitting wood plex→ weave complex: /'kɔmleks/ “woven” together duplex: /'dju:pleks/ two residences “woven” into one building multiplex: many theater screens “woven” into one theatre perplexing: /pә'pleksiɳ/ thoroughly “woven” in confusion plic→ fold accomplice: /ә'kɔmplis/ one ‘folded’ with another application: /,æpli'keiʃn/ act of ‘folding’ towards complicated: /'kɔmplikeitid/ thoroughly ‘folded’ complicit: ‘folded’ with another duplicate: ‘fold’ twice explicate: /'eksplikeit/ ‘fold’ out multiplication: /,mʌltipli'keiʃn/ act of ‘folding’ many times replicate: ‘fold’ again simplicity: /sim'plisiti/ ‘folded’ but once triplicate: /'triplikit/ ‘folded’ three times polis, polit→ city megalopolis: a very ‘large’ city police: /pә'li:s/ the force of policemen and officers politics: /'pɔlitiks/ social relations involving authority or power Friday, April 2017-THPology Page polygamy: /pɔ'ligәmi/ the marriage practice of having ‘many’ mates polyglot: /'pɔliglɔt/ person who speaks ‘many’ languages polygon: /'pɔligәn/ a two-dimensional figure that has ‘many’ sides and angles polyhedron: /'pɔli'hedrәn/ a three-dimensional figure that has ‘many’ faces and edges polymath: /'pɔlimæθ/ person who knows ‘many’ things polynomial: /,pɔli'noumjәl/ a mathematical expression with ‘many’ terms polysyllabic: /'pɔlisi'læbik/ containing ‘many’ syllables polytheism: 'pɔliθi:izm/ the worship of ‘many’ gods 20 poly→ many 128 root words version 6.1 posit→ placed, put apposite: /'æpәzit/ a suitable idea “placed” near a problem to solve it composite: /'kɔmpәzit/ of materials being “placed” together composition: /,kɔmpә'zi∫n/ musical piece in which many notes have been “placed” together decomposition: /,di:kɔmpә'zi∫n/ state or condition of being “placed” apart deposit: /di'pɔzit/ action when valuables are “placed” into a financial account opposite: /'ɔpәzit/ “placed” against or towards opposition: /,ɔpә'ziʃn/ state or condition of being “placed” against posit: /'pɔzit/ to “place” an idea before position: /pә'ziʃn/ how you are “placed” positive: /'pɔzәtiv/ so sure and good that it can be “placed” in writing post: /poust/ spot where “placed” for duty postpone: /pә'spoun/ to arrange for an event, etc to take place at a later time or date proposition: /,prɔpә'zi∫n/ a proposal “placed” forth to solve a problem supposition: /,sʌpә'zi∫n/ a guess “placed” under a problem port→ carry deport: /di'pɔ:t/ ‘carry’ from export: /'ekspɔ:t/ ‘carry’ out import: ‘carry’ in important: /im'pɔ:tәnt/ ‘carried’ in portable: /'pɔ:tәbl/ easily ‘carried’ porter: /'pɔ:tә/ one who ‘carries’ portfolio: /pɔ:t'fouljou/ a large, flat, thin case for carrying loose papers or drawings or maps; usually leather portly: /'pɔ:tli/ refers to one who ‘carries’ much body weight portmanteau: /pɔ:t'mæntou/ large ‘carrier’ of clothing reporter: /ri'pɔ:tә/ one who ‘carries’ back sport: /spɔ:t/ ‘carries’ one away from everyday concerns transportation: /,trænspɔ:'teiʃn/ act of ‘carrying’ across post→ after post meridiem: “after” noon postdate: to happen or exist after something posterity: /pɔs'teriti/ descendants who come “after” you postgraduate: pertaining to “after” graduation postmortem: of “after” death postnatal: pertaining to “after” birth postpone: /poust'poun/ to put “after” or later in time postscript: /'pousskript/ that which is written “after” the main body of a letter Friday, April 2017-THPology Page ascend: /ә'send/ travel up, "we ascended the mountain" correct: /kә'rekt/ make right or correct premier: /'premjә/ a “first” showing of a theatrical production prima donna: /'pri:mә'dɔnә/ “first” lady of an opera primary (adj): of or pertaining to “first” things primate: /'praimit/ mammal so named for being “first” in importance prime a pump: “first” thing that must be done to a pump to get it to draw water prime example: example that is “first” in importance prime number: number that is mathematically “first” in fundamental importance 21 prim→ first 128 root words version 6.1 prime time: the evening hours, generally between and 11 p.m primer: 'praimә/ paint applied “first,” or “first” reader primitive: /'primitiv/ of “first” things, especially in terms of living creatures primo: “first”-rate primogeniture: /,praimou'dʤenit/ rule that states the “first”-born son of a king gets to be the next king primrose: /'primrouz/ rose that blooms “first” in spring rectangle: /'rek,tæɳgl/ a parallelogram with four right angles rectify: /'rektifai/ math: determine the length of scribe: /skraib/ a ‘writer’ of copies rect→ right, straight rog→ ask, request abrogate: /'æbrougeit/ to legally “ask” for a duty to be taken away arrogant: /'ærәgәnt/ of someone who presumptuously “asks” for things derogatory: /di'rɔgәtәri/ of an “asking” that someone’s good reputation be taken from her interrogation: /in,terә'geiʃn/ process of “asking” questions between two people interrogative: /,intә'rɔgәtiv/ a question word that “asks” questions, such as “who,” “what,” … prerogative: /pri'rɔgәtiv/ of a rightful “asking” before others prorogue: /prorogue/ “ask” to be put into the future rogue: /roug/ scoundrel who “asks” for money when he’s not really needy or worthy of it supererogatory: /,sju:pәrә'rɔgәtәri/ of performing a duty that is over and above that which was originally “asked” surrogate: /'sʌrәgit/ of one person being “asked” to something instead of another person who normally would rupt → burst abrupt: /ә'brʌpt/ a “bursting” away bankrupt: /'bæɳkrәpt/ “burst” bank account corrupt: /kә'rʌpt/ thoroughly “burst” morals disrupt: /dis'rʌpt/ “burst” apart disruption: /dis'rʌpʃn/ act of “bursting” apart erupting: /i'rʌpt/ a “bursting” out eruption: /i'rʌpʃn/ act of “bursting” out interrupt: /,intә'rʌpt/ “burst” between or among irrupt: /i'rʌpt/ “burst” in rout: /raut/ a “bursting” through something again and again rupture: /'rʌptʃә/ “burst” Friday, April 2017-THPology Page indescribable: /,indis'kraibәbl/ not able to be ‘written’ about inscribe: ‘write’ on manuscript: /'mænjuskript/ a document originally ‘written’ by hand postscript: /'pousskript/ extra words which are written after the main body of a letter prescribe: /pris'kraib/ ‘write’ beforehand prescription: /pris'kripʃn/ document ‘written’ beforehand by a physician scribble: /'skribl/ ‘write’ carelessly and aimlessly script: /skript/ a ‘written’ document scripture: /'skriptʃә/ holy ‘writings’ subscription: /sәb'skripʃn/ fee paid to a magazine to ‘underwrite’ its production transcribe: /træns'kraib/ to make a ‘written’ copy transcript: /'trænskript/ document ‘written’ across to another to form a copy 22 scend→ clime scrip, scrib→ write 128 root words version 6.1 secut, sequ→ fllow consecutive: /kәn'sekjutiv/ in regular succession without gaps sequence: 'si:kwәns/ serial arrangement in which things follow in logical order or a recurrent pattern sense: /sens/ ‘feeling’ faculty sent→ feel, sense assent: /ә'sent/ ‘feel’ the way another does consent: /kәn'sent/ ‘feel’ with another dissent: /di'sent/ ‘feel’ apart from another insensate: /in'senseit/ not able to ‘feel’ nonsensical: /nɔn'sensikәl/ not ‘feeling’ right resent: /ri'zent/ send angry ‘feelings’ back sensible: /'sensәbl/ ‘feels’ right to sensory: /sen'sɔ:riәm/ pertaining to ‘feeling’ sentimental: /,senti'mentl/ ruled by ‘feelings’ sentinel: /'sentinl/ one who ‘feels’ his surroundings sentry: /'sentri/ one who ‘feels’ his surroundings sid→ sit dissident: /'disidәnt/ one who ‘sits’ apart from others insidious: /in'sidiәs/ of one who ‘sits’ in ambush president: /'prezidәnt/ one who ‘sits’ before resident: /'rezidәnt/ one who ‘sits’ back somewhere sedative: /'sedәtiv/ drug which causes one to ‘sit’ or settle down sedentary: /'sedntәri/ of one who ‘sits’ often sediment: /'sedimәnt/ matter which ‘sits’ on the bottom of water subside: /sәb'said/ to ‘sit’ under solve→ loosen absolute: /'æbsәlu:t/ of being entirely ‘loosened’ away from all blockages to something absolve: /әb'zɔlv/ to ‘loosen’ away from being responsible for something dissolve: /di'zɔlv/ ‘loosen’ or untie a bond irresolute: /i'rezәlu:t/ of not being ‘loosened’ back from all hindrances to doing something resolute: /'rezәlu:t/ of being ‘loosened’ back from all hindrances to accomplishing something resolve: /ri'zɔlv/ a determined ‘loosening’ back from all hindrances to something resolve: /ri'zɔlv/ to ‘loosen’ in a determined fashion solution: /sә'lu:ʃn/ a ‘loosening’ of a problem solve: /sɔlv/ to ‘loosen’ a problem solvent: /'sɔlvәnt/ substance which ‘loosens’ chemical bonds Friday, April 2017-THPology Page conspicuous: /kәn'spikjuәs/ very easy to “see” despicable: /'despikәbl/ of an act that should not be “seen” expect: /iks'pekt/ a waiting to “see” inspect: /in'spekt/ to comprehensively “see” something or “look” into it carefully inspector: /in'spektә/ one who “sees” or “looks” into something perspective: /pә'spektiv/ the way in which a person “sees” through or interprets the world perspicacious: /,pә:spi'keiʃәs/ of very clearly “seeing” respect: /ris'pekt/ to “see” someone in a good way spectacles: /'spektәkl/ glasses which allow wearers to “see” better spectacular: /spek'tækjulә/ impressive enough to be worthy of “seeing” 23 spect→ see 128 root words version 6.1 spectate: to “see” something happening, such as a sporting event spectator: /spek'teitә/ one who “sees” an event specter: /'spektә/ a ghost or phantom which appears to someone, allowing itself to be “seen” speculate: /'spekjuleit/ to believe especially on uncertain or tentative grounds suspect: /'sʌspekt/ one “seen” or “viewed” with mistrust suspicious: /sәs'piʃәs/ of being “seen” with mistrust spir→ breath aspiration: /,æspә'reiʃn/ the act of “breathing” towards a particular goal aspire: /әs'paiә/ to “breathe” towards a set goal conspiracy: /kәn'spirәsi/ a group “breathing” together to hatch a plot of some sort conspire: /kәn'spaiә/ to “breathe” together expire: /iks'paiә/ to “breathe” out one’s last “breath” inspiration: /,inspә'reiʃn/ a “breathing” into one’s mind of a good idea perspiration: /,pә:spә'reiʃn/ the act of sweat “breathing” through the skin’s pores transpire: /træns'paiә/ to “breathe” across into happening spiracle: /'spairәk/ blowhole through which a whale “breathes” respiration: /,respә'reiʃn/ “breathing” in and out, again and again structure: /'strʌktʃә/ a thing constructed; a complex entity constructed of many parts struct→ build instruct: /in'strʌkt/ impart skills or knowledge to destructive: /dis'trʌktiv/ causing destruction or much damage syn→ with contact: /kɔntækt/ close interaction contemporary: /kәn'tempәrәri/ belonging to the present time dehydrate: /di:'haidreit/ preserve by removing all water and liquids from hydroelectric: /'haidroui'lektrik/ generating electricity by conversion of the energy of running water symbol: /'simbәl/ a sign thrown ‘together’ with that which it represents symmetry: /'simitri/ two objects which can be measured ‘together’ perfectly sympathy: /'simpәθi/ a feeling of suffering ‘together’ with another person symphony: /'simfәni/ a sounding ‘together’ of instruments symptom: /'simptәm/ any feeling of illness or physical or mental change which is caused by a particular disease synagogue: /'sinәgɔg/ a place where people are led ‘together’ for worship synapse: /si'næps/ that which allows two nerves to join ‘together’ synchronize: /'siɳkrәnaiz/ to place two clocks ‘together’ in time synergy: energy created ‘together’ with another synonym: /'sinәnim/ a word that can be placed ‘together’ with another due to closeness in meaning syntax: /'sintæks/ an arranging ‘together’ of words in a sentence to make it meaningful synthesis: /'sinθisis/ a placing ‘together’ of separate elements into a unified whole Friday, April 2017-THPology Page contemporaneous: /kәn,tempә'reinjәs/ of “time” spent together contemporary: /kәn'tempәrәri/ of “time” spent together contretemps: /'kʤ:ntrәtỵ:ɳ/ an occurrence that goes against the smooth “timing” of a period of “time” extemporaneous: /iks'tempәrәri/ of being out of “time” to prepare extemporize: /iks'tempәraiz/ to play with no “time” to have prepared a piece of music temp: worker hired for a short period of “time” tempest: /'tempist/ storm which comes around at a certain “time” 24 tact→ touch temp→ time 128 root words version 6.1 tempo: /'tempou/ “timing” or speed of something temporal: /'tempәrәl/ of “time” temporary: /'tempәrәri/ of a short “time” temporize: /'tempәraiz/ to delay in order to gain more “time” to something tempus fugit: latin for “time” flies ten, tin→ hold contain: /kәn'tein/ ‘hold’ together a certain amount of material content: /'kɔntent/ information that is ‘held’ together in a book continent: /'kɔntinәnt/ large land mass ‘held’ together continuous: /kәn'tinjuәs/ action ‘held’ together without a break detention: /di'tenʃn/ a ‘holding’ away from others entertain: /,entә'tein/ ‘hold’ interest among people maintain: /men'tein/ ‘hold’ in good condition maintenance: /'meintinәns/ a “holding” of a property in good order obtain: /әb'tein/ get and therefore ‘hold’ pertinent: /'pɔ:tinәnt/ of that which ‘holds’ with a given situation retain: /ri'tein/ ‘hold’ back retention: /ri'tenʃn/ ability to ‘hold’ information sustenance: /'sʌstinәns/ a source of materials to nourish the body tenable: /'tenәbl/ of a position that can be “held” tenacious: /ti'neiʃәs/ a “holding” on to something tenant: /'tenәnt/ one who “holds” a lease tenet: /'ti:net/ a belief or opinion that is “held” tenor: /'tenә/ male voice that “holds” the melodic line tenure: /'tenjuә/ permanent “holding” of a professorship terr→ earth, land disinter: /'disin'tә:/ to take that which has been buried out of the “earth” extraterrestrial: /'ekstrәti'restriәl / of that which exists beyond planet “earth” inter: /in'tә:/ to put into the “earth” mediterranean: /,meditә'reinjәn/ sea in the middle of two “lands,” that is, africa and europe terra: astronomical name for the planet “earth” terrain: /'terein/ the lay of the “land” in a particular area terrarium: container for “land,” like an aquarium is a container for water terrestrial: /ti'restriәl/ of the planet “earth” or belonging to “land” rather than the sea terrier: /'teriә/ a breed of small active dog hunt animal in underground holes territory: /'teritәri/ “land” owned by a person or nation therm→ heat hypothermia: /,haipou'θә:miә/ abnormally low body temperature thermometer: /θә'mɔmitә/ measuring instrument for measuring temperature trans→ across Friday, April 2017-THPology Page intractable: /in'træktәbl/ not able to be ‘dragged’ protracted: /protracted/ ‘dragged’ forth in time retract: /ri'trækt/ ‘pull’ back subtract: /sәb'trækt/ ‘drag’ away from tractable: /'træktәbl/ able to be ‘pulled’ tractor: /'træktә/ machine which ‘drags’ 25 tract→ drag, pull 128 root words version 6.1 traduce: /trә'dju:s/ lead ‘across’ trajectory: /trædʤikәri/ path thrown ‘across’ transatlantic: /'trænz'ælpain/ ‘across’ the atlantic ocean transfer: /'trænsfә:/ carry ‘across’ transform: /træns'fɔ:m/ to go from one shape ‘across’ to another transit: /trænsit/ a going ‘across’ translate: /træns'leit/ carry one language ‘across’ to another translucent: /trænz'lu:snt/ of light going ‘across’ transparent: /træns'peәrәnt/ of light going fully ‘across’ transportation: /,trænspɔ:'teiʃn/ act of carrying ‘across’ traverse: /'trævә:s/ turn ‘across’ tri→ three triad: /'traiәd/ any group of ‘3’ triangle: /'traiæɳgl/ geometrical figure with ‘3’ angles triathlon: an athletic contest featuring ‘3’ primary events triceps: /'traiseps/ the large muscle at the back of the upper arm tricycle: /traik/ a bicycle with ‘3’ wheels trident: /'traidәnt/ a spear with ‘3’ prongs trillion: /'triljәn/ the number 1000 multiplied by itself another ‘3’ times trilogy: /'trilәdʤi/ a series which consists of ‘3’ books trio: /'tri:ou/ a group of ‘3’ singers triple: /'tripl/ to multiply by ‘3’ ven, vene→ come adventure: /әd'ventʃә/ a ‘coming’ to people and places convene: /kәn'vi:n/ to ‘come’ together convenient: /kәn'vi:njәnt/ of an agreeable place or time to ‘come’ together convention: /kәn'venʃn/ a ‘coming’ together of people event: /i'vent/ that which ‘comes’ out intervene: /,intә'vi:n/ to ‘come’ between two things invention: /in'venʃn/ that which is ‘come’ upon for the first time inventor: /in'ventә/ one who ‘comes’ upon new things prevent: /pri'vent/ ‘come’ before revenue: money which ‘comes’ back after selling products venue: /'venju:/ place where people ‘come’ ver→ truth conversation: /,kɔnvә'seiʃn/ the use of speech for informal exchange of views or ideas or information etc erdict: ‘true’ saying, or ‘truth’ said by a jury universal: /,ju:ni'vә:sәl/ of worldwide scope or applicability unverifiable: /' n'verifai bl/ of that which cannot be made certain that it is ‘true’ veracity: /ve'ræsiti/ ‘truthfulness’ verify: /'verifai/ to make sure something is ‘true’ very: /'veri/ ‘true’ Friday, April 2017-THPology Page adverb: /'ædvә:b/ “word” that sits near a verb or adjective to describe it proverb: /proverb/ wise “word” put forth verb: /vә:b/ “word” that indicates an action in a sentence verbal: /'vә:bәl/ relating to “words” 26 verb→ word 128 root words version 6.1 verbalize: /'vә:bәlaiz/ express ideas in “words” verbatim: /vә:'beitim/ “word” for “word” verbose: /vә:'bous/ too full of “words” verve: /veәv/ originally an energetic use of “words” vers, vert→ turned averse: /ә'vә:s/ ‘turned’ away adversary: /'ædvәsәri/ one ‘turned’ against you advertisement: /әd'vә:tismәnt/ that which ‘turns’ you towards a product anniversary: /,æni'vә:sәri/ another year ‘turned’ avert: /ә'vә:t/ ‘turn’ away conversation: /,kɔnvә'seiʃn/ ‘turned’ with another while speaking converse: thoroughly ‘turned’ convert: /kәn'vә:t/ thoroughly ‘turn’ diverse: /dai'vә:s/ ‘turned’ apart divert: /dai'vә:t/ ‘turn’ from divorce: /di'vɔ:s/ having ‘turned’ apart from a spouse extrovert: ‘turned’ outwards introvert: /,introu'vә:t/ ‘turned’ within invert: /in'vә:t/ ‘turn’ upside-down, or on its head irreversible: /,iri'vә:sәbl/ not able to be ‘turned’ back obverse: /'ɔbvә:s/ ‘turned’ towards pervert: /'pә:vә:t/ to thoroughly ‘turn’ away from normal behaviour reverse: /ri'vә:s/ ‘turned’ back revert: /ri'vә:t/ ‘turn’ back universe: /'ju:nivә:s/ everything ‘turned’ into one whole thing verse: /vә:s/ ‘turn’ of poetry version: /'vә:ʃn/ a ‘turning’ versus: /'vә:sәs/ ‘turned’ against vertebrae: /'vә:tibri:/ bones which ‘turn’ upon each other vertical: /'vә:tikәl/ ‘turned’ up vertigo: /'vә:tigou/ ‘turning’ dizzily vid, vis→ see, look at revive: /ri'vaiv/ give new life or energy to vitamin: /'vitәmin any of a group of organic substances essential in small quantities to normal metabolism vivid: /'vivid/ evoking lifelike images within the mind Friday, April 2017-THPology Page viv, vita→ alive, life 27 advise: /әd'vaiz/ to tell someone the way you ‘see’ towards a particular matter evidence: /'evidәns/ items thoroughly or fully ‘seen’ in a court case invisible: /in'vizәbl/ not able to be ‘seen’ provider: /provider/ one who ‘sees’ for you so that you have something you need revise: /ri'vaiz/ to ‘see’ to again television: /'teli,viʤn/ device on which pictures are ‘seen’ from far away video: /'vidiou/ moving pictures ‘seen’ on a screen visible: /'vizәbl/ able to be ‘seen’ vision: /'viʤn/ power of ‘seeing’ visit: /'vizit/ to go to ‘see’ someone visitor: /'vizitә/ one who is ‘seen’ visual: /'vizjuәl/ of ‘seeing’ 128 root words version 6.1 volu, volve→ turn, roll revolve: /ri'vɔlv/ to “roll” around involve: /in'vɔlv/ to “roll” in revolver: /ri'vɔlvә/ pistol using a “rolling” cylinder revolutionary: /,revә'lu:∫nәri/ someone “rolling” back against an established government or system revolting: /ri'voultiη/ a “rolling” back of oneself from something particularly unpleasant evolve: /i'vɔlv/ to “roll” out or forth volume: /'vɔlju:m/ books were originally scrolls that were “rolled” up voluble: /'vɔljubl/ pertaining to someone whose words just “roll” off her or his tongue vov, voc→ voice, call Page 28 advocate: /'ædvәkit/ to “call” towards as a show of support avocation: /ævә:'kei∫n/ a “calling” away from a job, hence a hobby evoke: /i'vouk/ to “call” forth invocation: /,invou'kei∫n/ a “calling” upon invoke: /in'vouk/ to “call” upon irrevocable: /i'revәkәbl/ not capable of being “called” back provocation: /,prɔvә'kei∫n/ the act of “calling” forth provoke: /prә'vouk/ to “call” forth revoke: /ri'vouk/ to “call” back vocabulary: /vә'kæbjulәri/ words “called” out vocal: /'voukәl/ of “calling” vocalize: /'voukәlaiz/ to “call” with the voice vocation: /vou'kei∫n/ a “calling” in life vociferous: /vә'sifәrәs/ of carrying “calling” a longways, hence being loud voice: /vɔis/ that which can “call” Friday, April 2017-THPology ...128 root words version 6.1 am→ love amateur: /'æmәtә:/ one who “loves” to something but is not a professional at it amatory:... social antonym: /'æntәnim/ word ‘opposite’ another in meaning anti→ opposite 128 root words version 6.1 auto: /'ɔːtәʊ/ car that moves by it"self" autobiography: /,ɔ:toubai'ɔgrәfi/ life history written... washington captain: /'kæptin/ ‘head’ of something, like a ship capit→ head 128 root words version 6.1 cattle: /'kætl/ ‘head’ property of a farmer chapter: /'tʃæps/ ‘head’ of part of a book decapitate: