An introduction to organizational communication

An Introduction to Organizational Communication v 0.0 This is the book An Introduction to Organizational Communication (v 0.0) This book is licensed under a Creative Commons by-nc-sa 3.0 (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/ 3.0/) license See the license for more details, but that basically means you can share this book as long as you credit the author (but see below), don't make money from it, and make it available to everyone else under the same terms This book was accessible as of December 29, 2012, and it was downloaded then by Andy Schmitz (http://lardbucket.org) in an effort to preserve the availability of this book Normally, the author and publisher would be credited here However, the publisher has asked for the customary Creative Commons attribution to the original publisher, authors, title, and book URI to be removed Additionally, per the publisher's request, their name has been removed in some passages More information is available on this project's attribution page (http://2012books.lardbucket.org/attribution.html?utm_source=header) For more information on the source of this book, or why it is available for free, please see the project's home page (http://2012books.lardbucket.org/) You can browse or download additional books there ii Table of Contents About the Authors Preface Chapter 1: Introduction to Organizational Communication What is an Organization? What is Communication? 26 History of Organizational Communication 32 Approaches to Organizational Communication Research 40 Chapter Exercises 58 Chapter 2: Organizational Communication Ethics 63 Nature of Ethics 65 Business Ethics 73 Communication Ethics 81 Organizational Communication Ethics 87 Chapter Exercises 104 Chapter 3: Classical Theories of Organizational Communication 108 The Classical Perspective 110 Human Relations Theories 119 Human Resources Theories 127 Chapter Exercises 137 Chapter 4: Modern Theories of Organizational Communication 142 Rethinking the Organization 144 Rethinking Communication 165 Representative Modern Theories 183 Chapter Exercises 194 Chapter 5: Communicating Between and Among Internal Stakeholders 199 Formal Communication Networks 202 Informal Communication Networks 243 Chapter Exercises 263 iii Chapter 6: Organizational Communication Climate, Culture, and Globalization 268 Psychological Life of Organizations 269 From Climate to Culture: A History of Research 270 Components of Organizational Culture 271 The Process of Organizational Culture 272 Analyzing Climate and Culture 273 Outcomes of Organizational Climate and Culture 274 Globalization 275 Chapter 7: Leader and Follower Behaviors & Perspectives 276 Approaches to Leadership 282 Followership 304 Mentoring and Coaching 317 Chapter Exercises 335 Chapter 8: Organizational Identity and Diversity 338 Identity and the Organization 341 Identity and the Organization Member 362 Diversity and the Organization 375 Chapter Exercises 392 Chapter 9: Teams in the Workplace 397 Group 399 Types of Teams 408 The Downside to Teams 413 Group Communication Roles 420 Chapter Exercises 429 Chapter 10: Recruiting, Socializing, and Disengaging 433 Recruiting 434 Socializing 450 Disengaging 467 Chapter Exercises 473 Chapter 11: Teams in the Workplace 476 Group vs Team 477 Characteristics of Teams 478 Types of Teams 479 The Downside to Teams 480 iv Chapter 12: Entering, Socializing, and Disengaging 481 Entering 482 Socializing 483 Disengaging 484 Chapter 13: Technology in Organizations 485 Innovation in Organizations 486 A Brief History of Technology in Organizations 487 Why We Use Technology 488 Benefits of Technology on Organizational Outcomes 489 Knowledge Management 490 The Downside to Technology in the Organization 491 Chapter 14: Stress, Conflict, and Negotiation 492 Stress 493 Conflict 494 Negotiation 495 Chapter 15: The Dark Side of Organizational Communication 496 Aggression in the Workplace 497 Discrimination in the Workplace 498 Employee Behavior 499 Organizational Behavior 500 Outcomes of the Dark Side 501 Chapter 16: Corporate Communications: Communicating with External Stakeholders 502 Communication with an Organization’s Environment 503 Types of External Stakeholders 504 Public Relations and Marketing 505 Sales 506 Customer Service 507 Chapter 17: Strategic Communication (issue management, risk communication, & crisis communication) 508 Corporate Issue Management 509 Risk Communication 510 Crisis Communication 511 v Chapter 18: The Professional Side of Organizational Communication 512 Organizational Development 513 Communication Analysis 514 Organizational Change 515 Workplace Learning 516 Human Performance Improvement 517 Chapter 19: Organizational Communication and Your First Job out of College 518 vi About the Authors PLEASE NOTE: This book is currently in draft form; material is not final Jason S Wrench PLEASE NOTE: This book is currently in draft form; material is not final JASON S WRENCH (Ed.D., West Virginia University) is an associate professor in the Communication and Media department at the State University of New York at New Paltz Dr Wrench specializes in workplace learning and performance, or the intersection of instructional communication and organizational communication His varied research interests include communibiology, computer-mediated communication, empirical research methods, humor, risk/crisis communication, and supervisor-subordinate interactions Dr Wrench regularly consults with individuals and organizations on workplace communication and as a professional speech coach for senior executives Dr Wrench has published five previous books: Intercultural Communication: Power in Context, Communication, Affect, and Learning in the Classroom (2000, Tapestry Press), Principles of Public Speaking (2003, The College Network), Human Communication in Everyday Life: Explanations and Applications (2008, Allyn & Bacon), Quantitative Research Methods for Communication: A Hands-On Approach (2008 & 2013, Oxford University Press), The Directory of Communication Related Mental Measures (Summer 2010, National Communication Association), Stand Up, Speak Out: The Practice and Ethics of Public Speaking (2011, Unnamed Publisher), and Scared Speechless: Communication Apprehension, Avoidance, and Effectiveness (2013, Allyn & Bacon) Dr Wrench is also the editor of three books on the subject of organizational communication: Casing Organizational Communication (2011, Kendall Hunt), Workplace Communication for the 21st Century: Tools and Strategies that Impact the Bottom Line: Vol Internal Workplace Communication, and Vol External Workplace Communication (2013, both with Praeger) Dr Wrench was the editor of the Ohio Communication Journal from 2005-2007, served as an associate editor for Communication Research Reports from 2007-2010, and been on the editorial board for numerous academic journals About the Authors Furthermore, Dr Wrench has published over 30 research articles that have appeared in various journals: Communication Quarterly, Communication Research Reports, Education, Human Communication, Journal of Homosexuality, Journal of Intercultural Communication, Southern Communication Journal, The Source: A Journal of Education, and The NACADA Journal (National Association of Campus Advising) Narissra Punyanunt-Carter PLEASE NOTE: This book is currently in draft form; material is not final NARISSRA PUNYANUNT-CARTER (Ph.D., Kent State University) is an associate professor of Communication Studies at Texas Tech University in Lubbock, Texas She teaches the basic interpersonal communication course She is a protégé of Drs Rebecca Rubin & Alan Rubin, who are considered to be two of the most notable researchers in communication studies Her research areas include mass media effects, father-daughter communication, mentoring, advisor-advisee relationships, family studies, religious communication, humor, and interpersonal communication She has published over 40 articles that have appeared in several peer-reviewed journals, such as Communication Research Reports, Southern Journal of Communication, and Journal of Intercultural Communication Research She has also published numerous instructional ancillaries and materials Preface PLEASE NOTE: This book is currently in draft form; material is not final We know that choosing the appropriate textbook for your classroom is always a time consuming process Communication Within, Between, and Among Organizational Stakeholders: Theory, Research, and Practice for the 21st Century will include a lot of content that is available in other books in addition to content not available at all in other organizational communication books on the market We’ve also included a number of pedagogical features to the book to make the reading experience more meaningful The field of organizational communication has undergone an interesting history over the past century Starting out as simple how-to manuals for business speaking and developing into the full-fledged discipline that it is today, organizational communication is a unique area of study with its own history, trends, and research methodologies When selecting an organizational communication textbook, many professors struggle with finding a book that is theoretically strong, current, and relevant to their students First, this book will examine both the historic and modern theories of organizational communication While there are clear theory chapters (Chapter "Organizational Communication Ethics" & Chapter "Classical Theories of Organizational Communication"), the book will also incorporate other theories when examining various issues in the book To make this book theoretically strong, we plan to include one chapter that examines the historic theories of organizational communication and one that examines modern theories of organizational communication We believe that a strong theoretical foundation is important for any student studying organizational communication Second, this book will contain information about the history of the field while demonstrating the new ideas and avenues of research currently being undertaken We believe that students should have a firm grasp of this history of the field, but they also need to know the current state of the field Throughout the book we will examine the history behind concepts and then show how those concepts are currently being used in research Preface Lastly, we want our book to be relevant to your students One of the greatest challenges current professors have is teaching a generation of students more concerned with how knowledge will impact their lives than the process of learning For this reason, we plan to incorporate our own personal anecdotes from working in various professions and used a variety of case studies from real organizations to help students see how the information contained within the book is actually exhibited within the real working environment Furthermore, each chapter will end with a set of discussion/review questions that ask students to relate the content of the chapter in an applied manner In addition to being theoretically strong, current, and relevant to students, we will also incorporate three clear directions within this book: an international focus, communication ethics, and the interdisciplinary tradition of organizational communication In a world where “multinational corporation” and “globalization” are commonplace, preparing individuals for interacting with others around the world in organizations is increasingly important All three of the authors of this book have extensive international experience that includes living abroad and studying international business Many of the anecdotes and case studies that will be included within this book use a very specific international focus to demonstrate how the book’s concepts can be applied to international organizational communication Second, we strongly believe that ethics is an extremely important part of the modern landscape of organizations While some books include specific chapters examining ethics, we’ve decided to include issues of ethics at every turn in this book Understanding how to be an ethical communicator in a modern organization is an extremely important reality in today’s business To aid in this process, we will include boxes periodically in the book called “Communicating Ethically” to call attention to ethical issues related to a chapter’s content Lastly, our book will embrace the interdisciplinary tradition of organizational communication While we strongly believe that communication scholars add a unique perspective to the discussion of organizational communication, we also realize that there are many scholars in industrial/organizational psychology, organizational behavior, and organizational sociology who have strongly impacted our view of organizational communication and continue to add to the discussion of organizational communication While this is a book that first, and foremost, examines organizational communication, we believe it is necessary to include numerous variables that appear in modern organizational communication research, but have not made their way into other organizational communication textbooks (e.g., organizational justice, organizational citizenship, organizational charlatanism, etc.) Chapter 16 Corporate Communications: Communicating with External Stakeholders 16.2 Types of External Stakeholders PLEASE NOTE: This book is currently in draft form; material is not final 504 Chapter 16 Corporate Communications: Communicating with External Stakeholders 16.3 Public Relations and Marketing PLEASE NOTE: This book is currently in draft form; material is not final 505 Chapter 16 Corporate Communications: Communicating with External Stakeholders 16.4 Sales PLEASE NOTE: This book is currently in draft form; material is not final 506 Chapter 16 Corporate Communications: Communicating with External Stakeholders 16.5 Customer Service PLEASE NOTE: This book is currently in draft form; material is not final 507 Chapter 17 Strategic Communication (issue management, risk communication, & crisis communication) PLEASE NOTE: This book is currently in draft form; material is not final 508 Chapter 17 Strategic Communication (issue management, risk communication, & crisis communication) 17.1 Corporate Issue Management PLEASE NOTE: This book is currently in draft form; material is not final 509 Chapter 17 Strategic Communication (issue management, risk communication, & crisis communication) 17.2 Risk Communication PLEASE NOTE: This book is currently in draft form; material is not final 510 Chapter 17 Strategic Communication (issue management, risk communication, & crisis communication) 17.3 Crisis Communication PLEASE NOTE: This book is currently in draft form; material is not final 511 Chapter 18 The Professional Side of Organizational Communication PLEASE NOTE: This book is currently in draft form; material is not final 512 Chapter 18 The Professional Side of Organizational Communication 18.1 Organizational Development PLEASE NOTE: This book is currently in draft form; material is not final 513 Chapter 18 The Professional Side of Organizational Communication 18.2 Communication Analysis PLEASE NOTE: This book is currently in draft form; material is not final 514 Chapter 18 The Professional Side of Organizational Communication 18.3 Organizational Change PLEASE NOTE: This book is currently in draft form; material is not final 515 Chapter 18 The Professional Side of Organizational Communication 18.4 Workplace Learning PLEASE NOTE: This book is currently in draft form; material is not final 516 Chapter 18 The Professional Side of Organizational Communication 18.5 Human Performance Improvement PLEASE NOTE: This book is currently in draft form; material is not final 517 Chapter 19 Organizational Communication and Your First Job out of College PLEASE NOTE: This book is currently in draft form; material is not final 518 ... organizations prefer for workers to blindly follow and what organizational leaders dictate Workers, on the other hand, want to have a 1.1 What is an Organization? 20 Chapter Introduction to Organizational. .. related to organizational communication are examined in these chapters Some of the concepts discussed can improve organizational communication and others are very destructive to organizational communication. .. “organization” and communication, ” which is followed by a history of the field and an explanation of the three research traditions used in organizational communication Chapter "Organizational Communication