Pipelines 2014 thiết kế đường ống

PIPELINES DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE PREPARED BY dr MOUFFAK TAHA ALI (dr_mouffak2005@yahoo.com) COURSE OBJECTIVES What is the function of pipelines? Classification of pipelines Pipeline components Pipes & pipe supports Steel pipe specifications, pipe diameters Expansion joints, post installation inspection Pipeline design- Factors that affect the design process Overview of standards that provide guidance on design, construction and maintenance AUGUST 2014 COURSE OBJECTIVES Pipeline routing process, selection of pipeline route Detailed design parameters 10 Choosing the appropriate material grade for the pipeline 11 Pipeline coating, pipeline protection 12 Pipeline construction and pipeline testing 13 Operation, operation problems 14 Pigging AUGUST 2014 WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF PIPE LINES? The most common means of transporting liquids and gases What are the major differences between pipelines and other flow lines? 1.Pipelines have minimum number of curves, they have no sharp bends Often either buried or inaccessible AUGUST 2014 CLASSIFICATION OF PIPELINES Pipeline could be classified with respect to: The fluid in the pipeline Liquid Gas The pipeline buried under ground or overland or under the sea (submarine pipeline) The function of the pipeline: Gathering pipelines Transportation pipelines, and Distribution pipelines AUGUST 2014 THE TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL GAS Natural gas pipeline consist of: The pipeline The compression station Metering station Control valves & isolating valves Control and operating station AUGUST 2014 PIPELINE COMPONENTS (EITHER LIQUID OR GAS) Initial injection station (supply or inlet station) Compressor / pump station Partial delivery station Block valve station (to isolate any segment of pipeline) Pressure and flow regulating station Final delivery station AUGUST 2014 PIPELINE COMPONENTS (EITHER LIQUID OR GAS) Pipeline components can be grouped into the following groups: Pipes (include pipe supports, expansion joints etc) Valves (for isolation, control flow rate , control pressure, prevent reverse flow, and as a safety device) Pumping station Compression station Metering station Control room AUGUST 2014 PIPELINE COMPONENTS PIPES & PIPE SUPORTS PIPE MANUFACTURING METHODS Seamless pipe (pipes with no weld) Electric resistance weld pipe (ERW) Longitudinal-seam submerged –arc welded pipe (LSAW) Spiral submerged arc-welded pipe (SSAW) AUGUST 2014 PIPE MANUFACTURING METHODS Seamless pipe (pipes with no weld) AUGUST 2014 10 PROFILE PIG A profile pig is a gauging pig with multiple gauging plates, usually three plates One plate is mounted on the front, one in the middle, and one on the rear of the pig It is normally used before running an ILI (In Line Inspection) tool to assure the tool's passage around bends and through the pipeline AUGUST 2014 134 INSPECTION PIG AUGUST 2014 135 INSPECTION PIG AUGUST 2014 136 INSPECTION PIG AUGUST 2014 137 INSPECTION PIG AUGUST 2014 138 INTRODUCTION Instrumented Pig is a device for inline inspection of buried pipelines to monitor their health and assess the risk associated with their operation AUGUST 2014 139 How it works » Instrumented pig travels with the propelling force of the fluid being pumped through the pipeline While traveling inside the pipeline the onboard data recording systems record the defect data The data is retrieved and interpreted after receiving the pig at the receiving pump station » The data on external and internal defects is reported with fairly good accuracy with respect to defects sizing and location » On the basis of this data the pipeline operator can take appropriate corrective measures depending upon the severity of the defects AUGUST 2014 140 PRINCIPLE OF OPERATION OF INTELLIGENT PIG: » Instrumented pig works on the principle of Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) and detect the mechanical defects by sensing the change in flux near the pipe wall under the influence of applied magnetic field » The change in magnetic flux signal depends upon the extent and type of metal loss, changes in material and its magnetic properties AUGUST 2014 141 AUGUST 2014 142 AUGUST 2014 143 AUGUST 2014 144 PIG PASSAGE DETECTORS AUGUST 2014 145 PIPELINE PIGING AUGUST 2014 146 METERING STATION AUGUST 2014 147 The ANSI standard specifies the following pipe color code combinations: Pipe Contents Color Scheme Fire-quenching fluids White text on red Toxic and corrosive fluids Black text on orange Flammable fluids Black text on yellow Combustible fluids White text on brown Potable, cooling, boiler feed, and other water White text on green Compressed air White text on blue User-defined White text on purple User-defined Black text on white User-defined White text on grey User-defined White text on black BELT DRIVES 148 ... AUGUST 2014 16 METALLIC EXPANSION JOINTS AUGUST 2014 17 FLEXIBLE RUBBER EXPANSION JOINTS AUGUST 2014 18 FLEXIBLE RUBBER EXPANSION JOINTS AUGUST 2014 19 FLEXIBLE RUBBER EXPANSION JOINTS AUGUST 2014. .. AUGUST 2014 28 PRINCIPLES OF PIPELINE DESIGN AUGUST 2014 29 PRINCIPLES OF PIPELINE DESIGN AUGUST 2014 30 PRINCIPLES OF PIPELINE DESIGN AUGUST 2014 Environmental considerations for onshore pipelines. .. (submarine pipeline) The function of the pipeline: Gathering pipelines Transportation pipelines, and Distribution pipelines AUGUST 2014 THE TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL GAS Natural gas pipeline consist