Grammar for english b

nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 UNIT 7: CÁC CỤM TỪ CÓ GIỚI TỪ/ ĐỘNG TỪ CÓ GIỚI TỪ 7.1 CỤM TÍNH TỪ KẾT HỢP VỚI GIỚI TỪ 7.2 CỤM DANH TỪ KẾT HỢP VỚI GIỚI TỪ k c.T hu gC on iC Th On NỘI DUNG ÔN TẬP NGỮ PHÁP UNIT 1: PARTS OF SPEECH – LEXICAL WORDS 1.1 Động từ (Verbs) 1.2 Tính từ (Adjectives) 1.3 Trạng từ (Adverbs) 1.4 Danh từ (Nouns) UNIT 2: WORD FORMATION 2.1 Verbs → Nouns 2.1 Adjectives → Nouns 2.3 Nouns → Verbs 2.4 Adjectives → Verbs 2.5 Nouns → Adjectives 2.6 Verbs → Adjectives UNIT 3: PARTS OF SPEECH – GRAMMATICAL WORDS 3.1 Defintie and Indefinite articles 3.2 Determiners and quantifiers 3.3 Conjunctions 3.4 Another and other 3.5 Prepositions UNIT 4: TYPES OF QUESTIONS 4.1 Yes/No Questions 4.2 Question Word Questions 4.3 Tag Questions UNIT 5: TENSES - CÁC THỜI CƠ BẢN 5.1 Present simple - Hiện ñơn 5.2 Present continuous - Thời tiếp diễn 5.3 Past simple – Quá khứ ñơn 5.4 Past continuous – Quá khứ tiếp diễn 5.5 Future Simple – Tương lai ñơn 5.6 Present perfect - Hiện hoàn thành 5.7 Past perfect – Quá khứ hoàn thành UNIT 6: CÁC DẠNG VIẾT LẠI CÂU SAO CHO NGHĨA KHÔNG THAY ĐỔI 6.1: CONDITIONALS 6.1.1 Câu ñiều kiện loại – Conditional (TYPE I) 6.1.2 Câu ñiều kiện loại – Conditional (TYPE II) 6.1.3 Câu ñiều kiện loại – Conditional (TYPE III) 6.2 BỊ ĐỘNG - THE PASSIVE 6.3 ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS IN COMPARISION 6.4 REPORTED SPEECH nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 Th On 7.3 CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ KẾT HỢP VỚI GIỚI TỪ UNIT 1: PARTS OF SPEECH – LEXICAL WORDS 1.1 VERBS: ĐỘNG TỪ Ví dụ: I ama learner of English She isa computer technician We often go to work at o’clock Vietnam exportsa lot of rice to some countries in the world Last year, our company importeda thousand cars from Japan Note: Vị trí ñộng từ sau chủ ngữ dạng biến ñổi theo thời, số chủ ngữ can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, will, would + ñộng từ nguyên thể to be, to have, to do: biến ñổi dạng theo thời to need: need to do/ need doing on - iC A Classes of verbs: Loại ñộng từ The auxiliaries - trợ ñộng từ: to be, to have, to do; can, could, may, might, must, ought, shall, should, will, would; to need, gC All other verbs, which we may call ordinary verbs: to work, to sing, to play B Dạng phủñịnh Thêm not vào trợ ñộng từ does not/ doesn't or not/ don't; did not/ didn’t; have not/ haven't or has not/ hasn't PRACTICE c.T hu C.Dạng phủ ñịnh khác never, no (adjective), none, nobody, no one, nothing, hardly, hardly ever etc ñược dùng với ñộng từ dạng khẳngñịnh Ví dụ: He didn't eat anything or He ate nothing He doesn't ever complain or He never complains We haven't seen anyone or We have seen no one They didn't speak much or They hardly speak at all/ They hardly ever speak k Which of the four alternatives completes the sentences in the correct or most likely way? Sometimes more than one alternative is possible nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 d were going d was damaging d had left d was making d Are you seeing d I played d I have read d is playing d are taking d suffered gC on iC Th On Each July we to Turkey for a holiday a are going b go c went The growing number of visitors the footpaths a is damaging b damages c are damaging Jane - just a few minutes ago a left b has left c leaves Timpson 13 films and I think her latest is the best a made b had made c has made - Robert lately? a Did you see b Have you seen c Do you see When I was a child the violin a I was playing b I’m playing c I play - until midnight last night a I have been b I read c I was reading reading He -for the national team in 65 matches so far a has played b has been playing c played Sorry we're late, we - the wrong turning a had taken b were taking c took 10 She from flu when she was interviewed a was suffering b had been c had suffered suffering hu 1.2 ADJECTIVES A Kinds of adjectives - Loại tính từ The main kinds are: (a) Demonstrative: this, that, these, those (b) Distributive: each, every, either, neither (c) Quantitative: some, any, no; little/few; many, much; one, twenty (d) Interrogative: which, what, whose (e) Possessive: my, your, his, Vị trí: ñi trước danh từ: this book, which boy, my dog k c.T (f) Of quality: clever, dry, fat, golden, good, heavy, square (g) Participles: V-ing or V-ed: Chủ ñộng: amusing, boring, tiring etc., Bị ñộng: amused, bored, tired etc., Ví dụ: The play was boring I was bored with the film Vị trí: Đi sau số ñộng từ: nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 iC Th On Be + adj: tính chất vật, việc; tính cách người, màu sắc, … Become/ get/ grow/ turn + adj: trở nên, trở thành - She gets more and more beautiful Stand/ stay/ keep + adj: - The store stays open late in the evening - You should keep your room tidy seem, appear + adj: như, feel, look, smell, sound, taste, turn + adj make + sth/sbd + adj Tom felt cold He made her happy The idea sounds interesting Đi trước danh từ: A beautiful girl/ an interesting film/ a golden ring/ … Các tính từ dạng phân từ(V-ed) thường ñược dùng kết hợp với giới từ cụm cốñịnh như: on embarrassed by attracted by Be impressed by fascinated by worried about well-prepared for full/fully day/daily fast quarterly late far c.T Dạng adj adv giống nhau: hard early weekly monthly Dạng ñặc biệt: good → well hu 1.3 ADVERBS Dạng trạng từ Adj + ly/y/ally/ily → Adv expensive/ expensively dramatic/dramatically surprised at/ about satisfied with Be pleased with disappointed with crowded with based on gC interested in bored with Be tired of frightened of terrified of ashamed of daily k Phân biệt cách dùng tính từ trạng từ ADJECTIVE: There has been a significantimprovement in the economy ADVERB: The economy has improved significantly Cách dùng khác trạng từ ADVERB + ADJECTIVE: We have got relatively good year nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 ADVERB + PAST PARTICIPLE: Their products are always attractivelypackaged ADVERB + ADVERB: She does her job extremely well On 1.4 NOUNS on iC Th Exercise I Rewrite the sentences using verbs and adverbs: There was a sudden fall in shares in March In March the shares fell suddenly There was a brief recovery in April In April they recovered In June there was a dramatic collapse In June they collapsed There was a steady improvement in September and October In September and October they improved gC 1.4.1 Loại danh từ chức There are four kinds of noun in English: Common nouns: dog, man, table Proper nouns: France, Madrid, Mrs Smith, Tom Abstract nouns: beauty, charity, courage, fear, joy Collective nouns: crowd, group, swarm, team, flock c.T hu A noun can function as: The subject of a verb: Tom arrived The complement of the verbs be, become, seem: Tom is an actor The object of a verb: I saw Tom The object of a preposition: I spoke to Tom A noun can also be in the possessive case: Tom's books 1.4.2 Countables & Uncountables: Đếm ñược không ñếm ñược We could see a ship in the distance Can I have some water? Claire has only got one sister Shall we sit on the grass? I've got a problem with the car The money is quite safe Do you like these photos? I love music I'm going out for five minutes Would you like some butter? k 1.4.3 Singulars and Plurals: Sốít số nhiều nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 Danh từ có quy tắc: Danh từ số + s = Danh từ số nhiều On Danh từ bất quy tắc: a> Danh từ số kết thúc “f” “fe” • Th • • Bỏ f/fe, thêm ves: a knife – knives, one half – two halves, my life – their lives, a wolf – wolves Giữ nguyên, thêm s: one roof – roofs, a cliff – many cliffs, a safe – safes Có thể giữ nguyên, bỏ f/fe thêm s: a dwarf – the seven dwarfs/ dwarves, one wharf – a few wharfs/ wharves iC b> Danh từ có kết thúc bằng: “o, s, ss, sh, ch, x” ta cộng thêm “es” ñể trở thành danh từ số nhiều Ví dụ: a potato – two potatoes, a watch – two watches, a box – two boxes, … c> Những danh từ số nhiều ñặc biệt • • • a man – men a woman – women a person people k c.T hu gC on Những danh từ số nhiều ñặc biệt xuất xứ từ tiếng Anh cổ nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 • • • • • • • Th On • • a foot – feet a goose – geese a tooth – teeth a child – children an ox – oxen (castrated bulls) a brother – brethren (in church orders), brothers (in a family) a mouse – mice a louse – lice a die – dice (for playing games) Có nhiều danh từ có dạng số nhiều số giống như: • • on • • iC • • a sheep – sheep, a deer – deer, a moose – moose a fish – fish (fishes: dùng loài cá khác ) a dozen – two dozen roses, a hundred – several hundred men (nhưng nói: dozens of roses, hundreds of people) a TV series – many TV series, a means – two means a species – two species d> Danh từ dạng số nhiều Một số danh từ dạng số nhiều, cho dù có kết thúc “s” hay không • • • gC • The police are looking for the robbers I like these pants / jeans / shorts Use either scissors or nail clippers Binoculars are stronger than any glasses hu f> Danh từ kết thúc “o” Với từ kết thúc “o”, chuyển sang danh từ số nhiều ta thêm "s" "es." Nếu nguyên âm ñứng trước “o” cần thêm “s”, như: k c.T Radio-radios, video-videos Nếu trước “o” phụ âm quy tắc quán: • Potato-potatoes, hero-heroes Nhưng • Photo-photos, memo-memos Những từ kết thúc “y” thường chuyển “y” thành “i” thêm “es” • Cry-cries, fly-flies, party-parties ex/ix – ices an index - indices, indexes The matrix - matrices • nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 appendix - appendices, appendixes Note: On Th Một số danh từ không ñếm ñược:: accommodation, baggage, behavior, equipment, fun, furniture, homework, housework, litter, luck, luggage, progress, rubbish, scenery, traffic, travel, weather, work, advice, money, machinery, news, trouble, cash UNIT 2: WORD FORMATION (cách cấu tạo từ cách thêm hậu tố) on iC 2.1 Verbs → Nouns - al: arrival/ proposal/ approval/ - ance: performance/ insurance/ appearance/ assurance/ - ation: invitation/ examination/ explanation/ exploration/ transportation/ information/ expectation/ - ion: reduction/ collection/ suggestion/ production/ discussion/ impression/protection/ promotion/ translation/ invention/ - ence: dependence/ difference/ reference/ preference/ - ment : investment/ improvement/ development/ encouragement/ government/ management/ employment/ retirement/ entertainment/ movement/ agreement/ payment - er/or: investor/ teacher/ actor/ player/ - ant: consultant/ servant/ applicant/ pollutant - y: discovery/ delivery - ure: failure/ pleasure/ 2.4 Adjectives → Verbs - ize: industrialize/ nationalize/ privatize/standardize/ - ify: simplify/ clarify/ hu 2.3 Nouns → Verbs - fy: beautify/ qualify/ gC 2.1 Adjectives → Nouns - ness: politeness/ happiness/ competitiveness/ carefulness/ helpfulness/ usefulness/ expensiveness/ - ity: productivity/ ability/ possibility/ profitability/ responsibility/ nationality/ personality/ popularity/ electricity/ majority/ similarity/ - y: difficulty/ internationalize/ modernize/ urbanize/ globalize/ c.T k 2.5 Nouns → Adjectives - ous: dangerous/ famous/ - ful: beautiful/ plentiful/ successful/ powerful/ painful/ - al: national/ international/ professional/ personal/ natural/ traditional/ governmental/ - ical: historical/ - able: comfortable/ valuable/ - ial: commercial/ industrial/ presidential/ financial/ - y: risky/ healthy/ wealthy/ - ive: successive/ impressive/ nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 On 2.6 Verbs → Adjectives - ful: useful/ hopeful/ harmful/ helpful/ fearful - less: useless/ hopeless/ harmless/ helpless - able: considerable/ portable/ understandable/ manageable/ eatable/ predictable/ enjoyable/ negotiable/ imaginable/ remarkable/ Th UNIT 3: PARTS OF SPEECH – GRAMMATICAL WORDS 3.1 DEFINITE AND INDEFINITE ARTICLES - MẠO TỪ on iC ►Cách dùngcủa“a/an”: Trước danh từ sốít lần ñầu ñược nhắc ñến: I need a visa They live in a flat Để khái quát chung: A car must be insured = All cars/ Any cars must be insured A child needs love = All children/ Any child needs love Trong cụm từ cốñịnh lượng: a lot of a couple of a great many of a great deal of a dozen c.T hu gC ►Uses of “the”: - “the” dùng trước danh từñược nhắc lại: We have bought a Mac and a PC The Mac cost $2500 and the PC cost $2100 - Trước danh từ có thông tin xácñịnh Where is the file that I gave you this morning? - Trước danh từ phạm vi nàoñó Would you like to come in? The chairman will see you now The earth; the world; the Sun; the Moon; the President of America, etc - Trước tính từ dạng (superlatives) Coca Cola is the most famous soft drink in the world - Trước tính từñể nhóm người The rich not enough to help the poor - Refers to rivers, mountains, seas, and names of countries that include a noun like republic, kingdom, union, etc The Aral Sea in the former Soviet Union is very polluted The United Kingdom; the United States of America, etc k ►No article - Khái quát chung với danh từ ñếm ñược số nhiều không ñếm ñược: Money is the root of all evil - Trước danh từ công ty, thành phố, ñường xá,… I work for Goldman Sachs in London, and I have a house in Western Road I nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 Th On also have a holiday home in Crete and another near Lake Garda - Với thành ngữ thông dụng to.in/from town to/in bed to/ at school at/from home to/out of prison to/at college/ university in dock to/at/from work to/in class to market at/to sea to/in/ into church for breakfast/lunch… from top to bottom by car/bus… with knife and fork day after day PRACTICE Exercise 1: Complete this true story Put in a/an or the A man decided to rob (1) bank in the town where he lived He walked into (2) bank and handed (3) note to one of (4) cashiers (5) iC cashier read (6) note, which told her to give (7) man some money Afraid that he might have (8) gun, she did as she was told (9) man then walked out of (10) building, leaving (11) on note behind However, he had no time to spend (12) money because he was arrested (13) same day He had made (14) mistake He had written (15) note on (16) back of (17) envelope And on (18) gC other side of (19) envelope was his name and address This clue was quite enough for (20) detectives on the case Exercise 2: Fill in the blanks with a, an, the or∅ ∅ (no article) HERE'S WHERE THE MONEY LIVES hu NIGERIA USA JAPAN (1) richest man in Five ships full of industrial Sanwa Bank, one of (1) (2) USA is Bill Gates, waste were shipped from Italy world's largest banks, Microsoft The farmer was c.T (3) Chairman of (4) to Koko in Nigeria, where (1) is offering its clients (2) paid savings accounts for (3) billionaire, who is known to US$8,750 to store (2) pets Clients' pets can have boyish 'theme' streak, parties for gives waste on his land This was a hold accounts where they can his bargain for the Europeans and a save special treats, (4) (5) Africa k employees One theme was fortune for (3) farmer holidays, or visits to the vet Party Local children played in the A funeral for (5) cat 10 nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 (2) a consonant -y -ier ,- iest: , happy happier On Also lovely, lucky, etc (3) Words ending in a single vowel letter + single consonant letter e.g hot hotter, hottest, big double the consonant bigger, biggest Also fit, sad, thin, wet, ect (but w dose not change, e.g new newer) Th Irregular forms Good, well, bad, badly and far have irregular forms COMPARATIVE SUPERATIVE good/ well better best bad/ badly worse worst farther/further farthest/furthest far iC ADJECTIVE/ ADVERB You’ve got the best handwriting How much further are we going? on We can use elder, eldest + noun instead of older, oldest, but only for people in the same family My elder/older sister got married last year gC Comparing quantities We use more, most and their opposites less and least to compare quantities I haven’t got many books You’ve got more than I have hu The Hotel Bristol has the most room Trevor spends less on clothes than Laura does Emma made the least mistakes c.T k 6.4 REPORTED SPEECH A When we report what someone else said, we can it in three ways: We can repeat the exact words using inverted commas (" "): The agent said: "Sales are going well" We can use a reporting verb in the present tense: The agent says that sales are going well We can use a reporting verb in the past and change the tense: The agent said that sales were going well B Tense changes in reported speech when we use a reporting verb in the past tense: 46 nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 Th On ACTUAL WORDS "I work for ICL" "I am working for ICL" "I worked for ICL" "I was working for ICL" "I have worked for ICL" "I will work for ICL" "I may/can work for ICL" REPORTED SPEECH He said that he worked for ICL He said that he was working for ICL He said that he had worked for ICL He said that he had been working for ICL He said that he had worked for ICL He said that he would work for ICL He said that he might/could work for ICL REPORTED SPEECH the day before/ the previous day the week before/ the previous week two months earlier tomorrow next week in three months the next day/the following day the next week/the following week three months later on here this morning iC C: Other changes ACTUAL WORDS yesterday last week two months ago there that morning gC k c.T hu D: Some special changes - Wh- questions "When will you let us know your decision?" they asked me They asked me when I would let them know my decision - Yes/no questions "Do you know Lars Hansen? she asked me She asked me if I knew Lars Hansen - Reporting commands and requests: using tell or ask and the infinitive: "Sit down" He told me to sit down "Don't pay the invoice" He told me notto pay the invoice "Please wait" He asked me to wait "Please don't smoke" He asked me not to smoke - Reporting verbs: We often use other verbs instead of say, tell, or ask, etc to report what someone said: warn/order/advise/encourage/remind/persuade + sbd + infinitive offer/refuse/promise + infinitive admit/deny/apologize for + -ing form "I think you should take a short rest" He advised me to take a short rest "I will not pay anymore" She refused to pay anymore "I am sorry I have kept you waiting." He apologized for keeping me waiting 47 nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 hu gC on iC Th On PRACTICE Exercise 2:Match the sentences in column A with the reported statements in column B A B "Don't forget to sign the contract." A He apologized for signing the contract "I didn't sign the contract" B He warned me not to sign the contract "Go on, sign the contract It's a really C He encouraged me to sign the contract good idea." D He ordered me to sign the contract "If I were you, I would sign the E He refused to sign the contract contract" F He admitted signing the contract "No, I will not sign the contract under G He reminded me to sign the contract any circumstances." H He offered to sign the contract "I'm so sorry I signed the contract." I He advised me to sign the contract "Yes, I'm afraid to say that it was me J He denied signing the contract who signed the contract." "I will sign the contract if you like." "Sign the contract NOW." 10 "I really wouldn't sign the contract You haven't read it It could be a disaster." UNIT 7: CÁC CỤM TỪ CÓ GIỚI TỪ/ ĐỘNG TỪ CÓ GIỚI TỪ 7.1 CỤM TÍNH TỪ KẾT HỢP VỚI GIỚI TỪ related to rich in satisfied with serious about similar to suitable for suspicious of used to (=accustomed to) k enthusiastic about excited about famous for guilty of interested in opposed to pleased with popular with proud of c.T accustomed to afraid of answerable to attached to aware of capable of dependent on different to doubtful about 48 nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 iC Th On Tính từ kết hợp với giới từ khác nhau: He was annoyed about the criticisms in the paper annoyed about sth They were annoyed with us for charging them extra annoyed with sbd I’m very bad at mathematics good/bad at sth Another cut in interest rates would be good for good/ bad for sth industry She should be in Personnel She’s very good with good/bad with sth people The Export Manager is responsible to the Sales responsible for sb Director Who is responsible for making conference responsible for sth arrangements? I am sorry about the job It’s a shame you didn’t get sorry about sth it He said he was sorry for keeping me waiting sorry for doing sth I feel sorry for Peter He has been fired (feel) sorry for sb optimism order for price of payment for protection from k 7.2 CỤM DANH TỪ KẾT HỢP VỚI GIỚI TỪ excitement about ability in advantage of application example of experience of, in for fall in, of alternative to fear of advice on c.T hu gC on Exercise Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition or adjective The Bordeaux region of France is famous for its fine wines (three letters) If you are serious going ahead with this, let’s have a meeting (5) The Mini-TV is very popular our younger customers (4) The NV8 Camcorder is to the NV7 in many ways, but it has some interesting new features (7) The salesman did not want to sell me the most expensive model he had because he said it would not really be for me (8) Wage demands are to inflation in a number of important ways (7) The Finance Director said he was stronglyto awarding everyone a 10% pay rise, and explained that the company could not afford it (7) South Africa is in natural resources like diamonds and gold (4) I have to travel by car or boat because I am of flying (6) 10 He has very little experience I don’t think he would be of running such a large project (7) 11 He was found of fraud and was sent to prison for three years (6) 12 I would be very in discussing the idea of a joint-venture (10) 49 nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 at a profit/loss at short notice by return by car, bus, airmail by chance for lunch for pleasure in writing in a hurry in change of in financial terms in the pipeline in touch in trouble on sale on business on the phone on order out of date out of business with reference to at cost price by post by cheque/ credit card by mistake in advance in cash in connection with in favour of in the market (companies) in general in my opinion in debt on loan on a trip on television on time to my mind up to date up to you k c.T hu gC at a good price at your convenience by hand by law by accident for sale for a change in charge of in stock in the end in bulk in other words on application on holiday on hold on the basis of on hand on the market (products) on the whole out of order under pressure on iC Th On pessimism about focus on cheque for preparation for hope of agreement with/ about reason for increase in, of approval of rise in, of interested in belief in request for invitation to benefit of/from reply to involvement in cause of reference to information about cheque for responsibility for insurance against comparison with satisfaction with investment in complaint about similarity to knowledge of cost of solution to lack of decrease in of substitute for matter with decision about/ on success at/in method of demand for suitability for need for division into tax on objection to disappointment with trouble with opinion of doubt about wait for opposition to difficulty with worry about difference between Prepositions + nouns Here is a list of some common preposition and noun combinations 50 nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 Exercise 1: Complete the following advertisement with the missing prepositions On on iC Th THE MOST IMPORTANT INVESTMENT YOU’LL EVER MAKE More and more parents are looking to independent schools to provide an alternative (1) to state education However, the cost (2) sending a child to boarding school from to 18 can be as much as $150,000, and annual increases (3) school fees are often greater than inflation So there is a need (4) specialist advice, and we at knight Willis have many years of experience (5) helping parents plan for their children’s education (6) advance Early planning can help to achieve reductions (7) over 75%, and (8) the whole, the earlier the school fee plan is started, the greater the savings If you would like our advice (9) the best way to plan for your child’s future, please fill in the reply-paid form below We will send you examples (10) different school fee plans, and we can discuss these (11) the phone or at a meeting (12) your own convenience Exercise 2: Underline the correct words: c.T hu gC At/in first sight it looks like a good deal, but we need more details at/in a hurry A: Shall we try using different suppliers by/for change? B: It’s up/out to you Are you paying by/ in cash or by/in credit card? The house next door is for/at sale It has been on/in the market for ages Very few board members are at/ in favour of the merger In/On the whole, they think it will create more problems than it solves We need to keep in/on touch with the situation as it develops Are you here on/for business or on/for pleasure? A: Did you it by/on purpose? B: No, of course not, I did it by/on mistake By/In financial terms they’re not doing well They’re $10m in/out of debt 10 A: Patrick, It’s Paul Brock from Tyco at/on the phone B: Can you put him at/on hold while I look for his file? OK, I’ve found it – I’ll take it at/on the other line account for agree on apply for belong to comply with consist of k 7.3 CỤM ĐỘNG TỪ KẾT HỢP VỚI GIỚI TỪ A Verb + preposition Here is a list of common verbs and the prepositions that normally follow them: look at look for 51 nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 On agree with talk to think about complain to think of wait for write to depend on hear about hear from pay for rely on take care of After several hours, the committee agreed on a joint statement I really like the new design What you think of it? The new building will have to comply with tough planning regulations Th B Verb + object + preposition The following verbs can be followed by an object and a preposition: on iC ask someone for blame someone for borrow something from congratulate someone on divide something into insure something against invest something in protect someone from provide someone with spend something on supply someone with thank someone for We spent too much on advertising last year Could you supply us with 200 units a month? Management blamed the union for provoking the strike gC k c.T hu PRACTICE Exercise 1: Complete the following letter with the correct prepositions Dear Mr Hall Thank you for your letter of 18 May regarding the Kinderbox range of children’s paints The answers to the questions you raised are as follows: All Kinderbox products fully comply (1) with European and British safety standards The paints are non-toxic and washable Each pack in the Junior range consists (2) ……… A paintbox with eight colours, a paintbrush, and a leaflet in English The average delivery time for orders to England over DM5,000 is four days We not rely (3) ……… rail transport, so delivery would not be affected by the current train strike We also take care (4) …… insurance and export documentation The level of discount we offer depends (5) ……… the size of the orders and their regularity I would be happy to talk (6) ……… you about this Goods may be paid (7) ……… in Deutschmarks or sterling, and we offer flexible credit arrangements, so I am confident we could agree (8)… suitable credit terms Please not hesitate to contact me if you have any further questions, and I look forward to hearing (9) ……… you 52 nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 Yours sincerely, On Wolfgang Bang Sales Manager k c.T hu gC on iC Th MINI TEST Choose the best answer They succeeded ……………… escaping A for B by C with D in They warned him ………… the ice A by B about C from D with For a week she lived …………… bananas and milk A from B by C on D with Sorry I’m late I missed the bus, so I had to come ………… foot A by B with C about D on Thank you It was very nice ………… you to help me A to B because C with D of Why are you always so rude …………… your uncle? A about B with C that D to Mary is upset …………… not being invited to the party A of B until C by D to I’m not ashamed ………… what I did A in B with C of D about My friend is married …………… an American A together B by C to D with 10 We enjoyed our holiday but we were rather disappointed ……… the hotel A in B of C with D about 11 I’m sorry …………… the noise last night We were having a party A in B about C at D with 12 Her writing is similar …………… mine A as B to C like D than 13 When I realised I was wrong, I apologized ………… him ………… my mistake A to, with B to, for C for, with D with, by 14 I wrote to the company asking them ……………… information about the job A for more B more C more for D with more 15 Three men have been arrested and charged ………… robbery A with B from C by D because of 16 I had to show my pass …… the man at the door A to B for C with D from 17 Passangers should be …………… time for their train A on B in C at D all the 53 nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 MỘT SỐ CẤU TRÚC CƠ BẢN ► Cấu trúc câu c.T hu gC on iC Th On 18 We hadn’t arranged to meet We meet ………… chance A over B of C by D in 19 Where are you going …………… your holiday this year? A about B on C with D for 20 I was delighted ………… the present you gave me A by B from C of D with 21 I haven’t seen her since she left home ………… work yesterday A for B to C at D from 22 Can you ………… ? A explain this word to me B explain me this word C explain this word for me D All are correct 23 I’d rather watch a beauty contest ………… a programme ………… politics A to, about B than, about C better, on D than, in 24 Thanks for looking ………… me when I was ill A for B after C at D forward 25 Excuse me, Sir You haven’t paid ………… your beer A with B to C for D from 26 Your party prevented everybody ……………… sleeping last night A before B for C from D against 27 I think the film is a bit weak …………… the end A from B on C at D in 28 I wasn’t very pleased …………… my exam results A with B at C about D All are correct 29 How many people participated …………… the conference? A for B during C at D in 30 You must be pretty disappointed ………… your exam results A with B at C about D All are correct “It + Be + Adj + (for sbd) + to sth” Ví dụ: It is difficult for me to learn English k “S + Be + Adj + to sth”: Ai ñó làm nào/ Ai ñó làm Ví dụ: I am happy to get your letter 54 nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 On “S + V + too + Adj/ Adv + (for sbd) + to sth”: ñến nỗi mà … Ví dụ: She is too old to work These books are too expensive for me to buy “S + V + Adj/ Adv + Enough + (for sbd) + to sth Ví dụ:Tom is strong enough to lift the boxes Th “ It + Be + Adj + Of + sbd + to sth” Ví dụ: It is very kind of you to help the poor It was stupid of them to leave their bicycles outside (kind of/ stupid of/ selfish of/ wrong of) iC “It + Be + Adj + That + S + INF/ SHOULD INF” Ví dụ: It is important that we be/ should be on time “It + take + sbd + time + to sth” Ví dụ: It took him two hours to write the letter k c.T hu gC on NOTE - Dạng Subjunctive dùng với số tính từ khẩn thiết như: advisable/ anxious/ better/ best/ desirable/ essential/ important/ good/ mandatory (bắt buộc)/ necessary/ preferable/ vital/ willing/ urgent/ … - Các ñộng từ khẩn thiết: ask/ demand/ insist/ propose/ recommend/ urge/ require/ order/ advise/ desire/ stipulate (ñòi hỏi) Ví dụ: The committee recommended that the scheme go/should go ahead - Past Subjunctive: • It is time / about time/ high time + sbd + V(past) Ví dụ: It’s about time Jack did some work for his examination It’s time I was going It’s time to go home It’s time for us to go home • S1 + would rather + S2 + V(past) Ví dụ: I’d rather you went home now Don’t come tomorrow I’d rather you came next weekend “S + Be/ Get used to + sth or doing sth” Ví dụ: I am used to the heat because I have been living here for a long time 55 nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 On “It was not until …… that ……” Ví dụ: It was not until midnight that the noise next door stopped It was not until Ali was eight that he began to read Th “So + Adj/Adv + That + Mệnh ñề” Ví dụ: The film was so good that I saw it three times (= The film is so good that I have seen it three times) The manager was so sick that he could not go to work iC “Such + a/an/ ‘zero article’ + Adj + N + that + Mệnh ñề” Ví dụ: It was such a hard cake that he couldn’t eat it on “Neither + S1 + Nor + S2 + V” Ví dụ: Neither my brother nor I am good ar French Neither the moon nor the planet Mars has an atmostphere gC “Not only …… + But also/ But ………, too/ as well” Ví dụ: He not only spent all his money but also borrowed some from me “S1 + Had + + S2 + V(past) c.T Ví dụ: No sooner + PII + Than Hardly + PII + When Scarcely + PII + When hu “Not only + Aux + S1 + V + … + But + S2 + Also/ As well” Ví dụ: Not only did he spend all his money, but he also borrowed some from me Not only is television boring, but it also wastes a lot of time The keeper had no sooner opened the sage door than the lion attacked him I had hardly closed my eyes when the telephone rang I had scarcely closed the door when somebody started knocking k No sooner Than Hardly + Had + S + PII + When + S + V(past) Scarcely When Ví dụ: No sooner had she agreed to marry him than she began to have serious doubts 56 nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 Hardly had I closed my eyes when I began to imagine the most fantastic shapes Scarcely had the performance begun when the lights went out On “No matter how + Adj/ Adv + S + V …” Ví dụ: No matter how intelligent you may be, you should be careful about this No matter how hard he tries, he never seems able to the work satisfactorily Th “Prefer + sth/doing sth + to + sth/ doing sth” Ví dụ: Tom prefers reading to talking on iC “Would rather + sth + than + sth” “Would rather + sth + than + sth” Ví dụ: I would rather go out than stay at home I would rather have hot weather than cold “Like + sth/doing sth + Better than + sth/doing sth” Ví dụ: Tom like reading better than talking k c.T hu gC ► Cấu trúc ñộng từ would rather = prefer to do/ prefer doing sth: làm hơn, thích làm had better = should: nên làm encourage sbd to sth = promote sbd to do: khuyến khích làm manage to = succeed in doing: thành công việc làm promise to sth: hứa làm prevent sbd from doing sth: ngăn cản làm give up sth/ doing sth: từ bỏ gì/ việc làm seem to do: dường như/ He seemed to get angry: Hình nóng force sbd to = make sbd do: bắt làm spend + time + doing sth = take (sbd) + time + to sth: dành thgian làm / bn thgian ñể làm play an important role in sth/ doing sth: ñóng vai trò quan trọng việc gì/ làm try to sth : cố gắng làm go on an excursion to swh: ñi dã ngoại tới ñâu afford to sth/ afford sth = have enough money to sth: có ñủ tiền ñể làm find sth + adj + to sth: I find English difficult to learn: Tôi thấy tiếng Anh khó học avoid doing sth: tránh làm advise sbd to = urge sbd to do: khuyên làm 57 nhungtranthithu@gmail.com – 0982678586 k c.T hu gC on iC Th On to be kind to sbd: cư xử tốt với hope to = expect to : hy vọng làm cause sth/ cause sth to do: gây ñiều gì/ can't help doing sth: không/ dừng việc I can't help admiring him in spite of his faults: Không thể không ca ngợi cho dù có nhiều lỗi/ nhiều tật remove sth from sth: loại bỏ khỏi tend to do: có xu hướng làm remind sbd to : nhắc làm remind sbd of doing sth: nhắc nhớ lại việc gì/ ñã làm remember to : nhớ làm remember doing: nhớ ñã làm >