IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF TEACHING LOCAL HISTORY IN HIGHSCHOOL IN PHU THO PROVINCE

Header Page of 89 MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINNING HANOI NATIONAL UNIVERSITY OF EDUCATION - - TRAN VAN ANH IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF TEACHING LOCAL HISTORY IN HIGHSCHOOL IN PHU THO PROVINCE Specialization: Reasoning and Method of teaching History Code: 62.14.01.11 DISSERTATION ABSTRACTS OF DOCTOR OF PHYLOSOPHY OF EDUCATION HA NOI 2014 Footer Page of 89 Header Page of 89 The work is completed at Ha Noi National University of Education Advisor: Professor Dr Nguyen Thi Coi Associate Professor Dr Nguyen Huu Chi Reviewer : Professor Dr Nguyen Ngoc Co Ha Noi National University of Education Reviewer : Associate Professor Dr Tran Duc Minh Nam Dinh College of Education Reviewer : Associate Professor Dr Doan Minh Huan Academy of Politics Region I The thesis will be defended at Board in Ha Noi National University of Education, meeting at Ha Noi National University of Education At …… o’clock, date … month ………, year …………… Reading the thesis at : - The National Library of Vietnam The Centre information - library of Ha Noi National University of Education Footer Page of 89 Header Page of 89 INTRODUCTION The urgency of thesis Today, the world has many great changes in many areas, which affect differently the countries, regions In this context, under the leadership of the Party, our country is undertaking reform, open up and integration with the world To success in the renovation, integration, education must take one step forward, to train people to meet the new requirements of the country In high schools, History is the subject which has advantages in the performance the missions and basic goals of education that the Party has set out In addition to the world history and the national history, the local history has an important role, contributing to the goals of the History in target schools in general However, the current, teaching local history in high school is inadequate In many localities, especially in big cities such as Hanoi, Hai Phong, Hue by awareness of the importance of local history, they has many advantages as well as in teaching local history, so teaching local history achieve results But, in many other places, especially rural and mountainous areas, teaching local history is difficult, even overlooked, ignored In high schools in Phu Tho province, teaching local history has not really been given due attention For many reasons, teaching local history in high schools in Phu Tho province has not been much interest So, students not know about the history, traditions and culture of their homeland, not to feel proud of their country, cannot use knowledge of local history lesson on life in his homeland, they also not be forged and practice skills in the history of life while studying local history That fact poses required to improving the quality of teaching local history in schools Phu Tho province From this reason, we have chosen a research problem: "Improving the quality of teaching local history in high schools in Phu Tho province" for Ph.D dissertation specialized of Reasoning and methods of teaching History The objects and scope of research The object of this research is teaching process of local history teaching in high schools in Phu Tho province We not refers to all the issues of local history, only focuses on teaching local history in curriculum of history in high schools in Phu Tho province We choose several different schools to investigate and experiment teaching Purpose and mission of research 3.1 The purpose of research - to improve the quality of teaching local history, contribute to improving the quality of teaching History in High School in Phu Tho province, on the basis of compilation of local history lesson; determining the organization and methods of teaching local history - To improve the research capabilities of the author of the thesis 3.2 The missions of research To achieve the above purpose, thesis should be taken specific missions: [Type text] Footer Page of 89 Page Header Page of 89 -Researching on theories in psychology and education, the literature on general education history, teaching local history in particular and other historical documents related to the research problem -Conduct investigations and surveys teaching local history in fact high schools Phu Tho province -Research on contents of the Vietnamese history in program history in high school (standard program); exploiting literature on local history Phu Tho province to write local historical lesions for teaching local history in high school in Phu Tho - Proposing content, organizational forms and methods of teaching to improve the quality of teaching local history in high schools in Phu Tho province - Experimental teaching some Phu Tho local history lessons to confirmed the feasibility of the proposed measures The basis of the methodology and research methods 4.1 The basis of methodology Based on basic viewpoints of Marxism - Leninism and Ho Chi Minh, the views of the Party and State in education, the teaching of history; and reasoning of modern education in the country and abroad 4.2 The methods of research - Research on theories: + To research, analyze, synthesize, codified documents of the Party and State, the work discusses education, educational materials, psychology, historical educational materials and data related to the topic + To research on curriculum of history in high school; local historical literature on Phu Tho province, historical documents related to Phu Tho historical content and design local history lessons which correlatived national history -Research on practicality + To survey, find out practicality of teaching local history in high school in Phu Tho province by questionnaires, interviews, class observation + Experimental teaching: Composing posts and conduct teaching experiments in a number of high schools in Phu Tho province -Using mathematical statistics to process experimental results The scientific hypothesis In the current practical situation, if application of the measures required under the proposed thesis would contribute to improving the quality of teaching at the high school LSDP Phu Tho province The contributions of thesis - Reflecting the partial picture of the local teaching history in high schools in Phu Tho province -Proposing measures to improve the quality of teaching local history at high schools about the content of Phu Tho province, organizational forms and methods of conducting lessons [Type text] Footer Page of 89 Page Header Page of 89 Meaning of thesis -In term of theory: Thesis contributes to enrich theory on teaching of local history in high school; raising the level of expertise and research capabilities of author - In terms of practice: Results of the study subjects can widely use in teaching at the high school LSDP Phu Tho province in particular, the general high schools in order to improve the quality of history in high schools; as references for students, Masters students, PhD students on methods of teaching History The structure of the thesis Besides the introduction, conclusion, appendix and references, the thesis is structured in four chapters: Chapter Overview Chapter The issue of improving the quality of teaching local history in high school Theory and practice Chapter Compilation content and choice organizational forms of teaching local history in high schools in Phu Tho Chapter Applying some methods of improving the quality of teaching local history in high schools in Phu Tho province Complete pedagogical experimentation [Type text] Footer Page of 89 Page Header Page of 89 Chapter OVERVIEW 1.1 The situation research issues of teaching local history in the number of countries on the world In many countries, especially in countries with developing education, research work is focused locally In Russia, the education of local history is conducted very soon Under the Soviets, research and teaching local history to be respected, local subject was taught at the Pedagogical University After that, many organizations, managements, research and dissemination for local history were established, ex: as "The local museum", "The protection of historical and cultural monuments " In the 80s of 20th century, there were works: "Local History" by GN Matixin editor (1980); "Methods of local history work" by N.X Borixop chief author (1982); “Methods of teaching history in schools" (2000) Schools often interested in extracurricular activities about local history In some countries of the former Eastern Europe, research and teaching local history are focused In Hungary, the school combined with the professional body for student organizations collecting documents and artifacts, to establish "village museum" In British, research and teaching local history are valued On 30/09/1982, British Association for Local History (BALH) was established The documentation of local historical research and teaching in the British is abundant, represented as the book "Teaching local history" of Stephen (1977), or "Local history and teacher" Robert Dutch (1967) In United of Kingdom, there are many sites related to the compilation and teaching local history as: www.balh.co.uk; www.dlrcoco.ie; www.le.ac.uk we recognize forms of teaching local history are very diverse, associated with local life In America and Canada, from elementary school, students have been learning about the history and geography of the state, province they live Student kindergarten classes were first introduced with rudimentary knowledge of history and geography Among the research literature on teaching local history in the U.S.A, there is a book "Homespun: Teaching Local History in Grades 6-12" by Robert L Stevens (2001) In Japan, students learn history, geography, historic cities and villages where they live In China, the program mandatory subjects of history have lesson per month on local history by practical methods In Singapore, teaching local history through heritage is focused, historical monuments, memorials, historic local, as the ancient buildings, the buildings and the street name 1.2 The situation research issues of teaching local history in Vietnam 1.2.1 The studies of teaching local history generally Before written history appeared, each folk tale was absorbed into children soul the first lessons of history to their village, their country Feudal, local history just is compiled, not to be taught formally, but traditional cultural sites, local character has been recorded, the basis for the preserve, study and education of local history [Type text] Footer Page of 89 Page Header Page of 89 After the August Revolution, the study and teaching local history have also been interested First of all, the work of teaching local history is reflected in the textbook of method of teaching history, such as "Draft history teaching in secondary school levels 2, 3" (1961) of the Hoang Trieu, Le Khac Nhan; "Methods of teaching history" (1980) by Phan Ngoc Lien, Tran Van Tri; "Method of teaching history" (1992, 1998, 1999, 2000); "Methods of teaching history "(2009), by Phan Ngoc Lien, Trinh Dinh Tung, Nguyen Thi Coi The textbooks are reserved the important position to presented on the role, meaning and methods of teaching local history in schools Local history is also being studied as a separate subject Textbook "Local History" (1989) by Truong Huu Quynh, Phan Ngoc Lien, Nguyen Phan Quang, Nguyen Van Am, “Local history” textbook by Nguyen Canh Minh, Do Hong Thai, Hoang Thanh Hai, Nguyen Van Dang (2007); textbook "Methods of research and editor local history" (2008) by Nguyen Canh Minh, Do Hong Thai, Hoang Thanh Hai are the valuable handbook There are monographs about teaching local history, prominent as: "The history extracurricular high school level 2.3" (1968) by Phan Ngoc Lien, Tran Van Tri, Nguyen Phan Quang; "Research and teaching-learning local history in Tay Bac and Viet Bac" (2010) by Do Hong Thai, "Guiding compile content of local historical document " (2012) by Vu Ngoc Anh, Nguyen Thi Coi The monographs are valuable references for the research this thesis Specially, many national scientific conference focused deeply on research and teaching local history, such as Scientific Conference "Researching, compiling and teaching local history in colleges university and high school "(2002)," Innovation of teaching methods, assessment of learning history and local history in schools "(2008)," Research, compiled and teaching local history and culture "(2013) The reports at scientific conferences shed light on the theoretical issues of research and teaching local history in colleges, universities and high schools These are reference sources useful for us in the process of research for thesis The issue of teaching local history are also many matter’s students, and D Ph students interested and chosen to research, such as: Do Hong Thai (1986) with "Strengthening education patriotic tradition for students of ethnic minorities by using Ha Tuyen local history document to teach the courses of Vietnam history, 1930-1945 "; Dang Cong Long (1996) with the thesis" Researching of teaching local history in high school (experimentally in Binh Dinh) "; and many other authors that we have mentioned in the thesis, showed teaching local history is a field attracting more people interested Teaching local history and improve the quality of teaching local history are also the subject of many articles in scientific journals educational Typical, "Improving the efficiency of teaching local history in schools" by Nguyen Thi Coi (2002), "On the local history teaching in schools in Hanoi" by Nguyen Van Dang and Nguyen Manh Ha (2004), "Designing local history lesson by means of project-based learning" by Pham Thi Kim Anh (2012) Most of the Department of Education and training has compiled documents local history served for the teaching local history in schools in their localities [Type text] Footer Page of 89 Page Header Page of 89 1.2.2 The studies of teaching local history in Phu Tho There is a large of number of studies for Phu Tho history and culture by the state, local and personal, which has enriched resource for teaching Phu Tho local history Typical: "The days of the August Revolution in Vinh Phu" (1985) of the Provincial Party Committee Propaganda Department, Vinh Phu, "History of the resistance against French of the army and people in Phu Tho (1945-1954)" and "History of the resistance against the United States and save the country of the people of Phu Tho (1954 - 1975) "by the Phu Tho provincial Party compilation (2000); "The collection folk of the ancestral land " consists of volumes by the Phu Tho Department of Culture, Information and Sport (2002-2004)," History of the Phu Tho provincial Party "(2002) In addition, there are numerous studies of Phu Tho Provincial Party, Department of Culture, Sport and Tourist, Society and History Phu Tho province of individual researchers independent of provinces, districts, communes, the land and people of Phu Tho, such as Hung Temple relic (Pham Ba Khiem), The civilization of village in the ancestrallands (Vu Kim Bien), Can Vuong movement in Phu Tho province late nineteenth century (Phu Tho Association of Historical Science) These works are of great help in terms of materials for teachers and students to exploit local history research service teaching in schools in the province Documentation directly research work teach learn calendar history and geography Phu Tho not many In addition to the guidelines taught history, particularly useful is the book "Some historical records Phu Tho province to serve local history teaching in secondary schools", by Tran Ngoc Due (2008); century Workshop weak "cultural heritage education in schools Phu Tho province" (2012) Thus, we can see that: Firstly, a lot of research on local history in the fields of politics, revolutionary, military, culture Secondly, in-depth research into the work of teaching local history in high School in Phu Tho province very little Thirdly, the UNESCO Xoan Singing and The Creed of worship Hung Vuong are the cultural heritage of humanity, researchers and teachers are more interested in the education of local history in Phu Tho 1.3 The problems are inherited and should continue to resolve Thesis is inherited the theoretical issues of teaching local history, models of teaching local history, from which we can learn how to acquire and compile lessons, forms of teaching officers to apply to the proposed measures are feasible and effective However, within the scope of the thesis "Improving the quality of teaching local history in high schools in Phu Tho province", we recognized the need to continue to address some issues: First of all, find out the real situation of teaching local history in high schools in Phu Tho province by surveys, interviews, lessons observed Second, we have compiled teaching materials of local history in high schools in Phu Tho province; third, we design some local history lessons for high schools in Phu Tho province towards innovation in order to improve the quality of teaching local history [Type text] Footer Page of 89 Page Header Page of 89 Chapter THE ISSUE OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF TEACHING LOCAL HISTORY IN HIGH CHOOLS THEORY AND PRACTICE 2.1 Database of theory 2.1.1 Concepts 2.1.1.1 Local history There Local areas of the country where there are particular nuances to distinguish from other lands, the parts of the country Accordingly, local history is the history of an areas, an administrative unit (such as provinces, districts, wards, communes, villages and hamlets) Local history also includes the history of organs and factories, schools and family 2.1.1.2 Teaching local history Local history is taught at high school is the development history, historical facts about political, economic, cultural, military, historical figures in province, district , of communes, wards or place around the schools where students live Local history longer implies of plants, factories, schools and units in the area So, the contents of local history are expressed particular, diversiform 2.1.1.3 The quality of teaching The quality of teaching is "the result of teaching and learning at both quantitative and qualitative, that be compared with the target of subjects as well as contribute to the formation and development of personality for students " The concept of showing how comprehensive view of the quality and innovation of education, how to evaluate the quality review of both quantitative and qualitative, compare with the goal of object The quality of teaching is evaluated based on three aspects of knowledge, skills, and attitudes 2.1.1.4 The quality of teaching local history The quality of teaching local history is results in knowledge, skills, attitudes compared to target local history teaching in schools 2.2 The genesis of issue 2.2.1 The goal of subject of History in schools Goal of subject History in high schools is to provide basic and systematic knowledge of the history, development rules of nations and humanity, to educate patriotism, national pride, and national independence ideals associated socialism; to train of thinking capacity, practical capacity, and ability to apply knowledge of history in life Local history is part of the subject History, so, teaching local history has significant contribution in the implementation of targeted subjects in high schools 2.2.2 The motto of education of The Party and State The Party and State always affirm "education is a top national policy", the motto of education is "learning go hand in hand with action", and "the school tied society" Teaching local history towards raise promoting positive, creativity, develop independent thinking of students, local history lessons associated with socio-economic characteristics of the local society is a learning method associated with operating in association management with practical reasoning, education from school, family and society 2.2.3 The relation between national history and local history [Type text] Footer Page of 89 Page Header Page 10 of 89 The relationship between local history and national history is the relationship between "the personal" and "the General" Local history is an expression of national history in a particular locality, also contributed to the rich history of the nation The local history lessons illuminate surface knowledge content in the nation's history lesson, on the other hand, portrays the personalities or particular nature, the characteristics of the local versus general the nation's history 2.2.4 The characteristics of local historical knowledge Knowledge of local history more specific knowledge of history in general and the characteristics that impact the school psychology students in local history As specific knowledge of local history to create a special advantage in teaching, which is the basis for selection of teachers teaching history content locally, so that the knowledge of local history lesson the typical, close to the students, direct impact on student perceptions 2.2.5 Characteristics of psychology and perception of high school students in Phu Tho province Psychology of special school students in Phu Tho province to learn about the history of his country is a strong point for teachers to make lessons attractive and attracted students to the cognitive activities in lessons local history Besides the characteristics common perception, cognition and learning conditions of the students are not in the different localities This has prompted us to design lessons, choose the form of organization and teaching methods to suit the characteristics of cognitive and psychology students 2.3 The role and significance of teaching local history 2.3.1 The role Local history tied to national history in each historical period, therefore, knowledge of local history contribute to enriching the nation's history, and cultural history of specific ethnic groups within of a local Local history also portrayed the role of the peculiarities of local history The teaching of local history in schools to help students find peculiarities, characteristics of their localities 2.3.2 Significance The local history teaching has great significance in aspects: knowledge, skills, and attitudes Teaching history enriches historical knowledge, helping students not understanding the history of his homeland but also knowing and understanding more deeply the history of the nation Teaching local history contributes to the development of cognitive ability, thinking actions for students, draws a connection between the events, phenomena, and the relationship between local histories with the history of nation; contribute to fostering love homeland, country, traditional moral education, and the local people's lives for the young generation 2.2 Database of practice 2.2.1 The situation of teaching local history in high schools in Phu Tho province 2.2.1.1 The direction of teaching local history of the Phu Tho Department of Education and Training The Phu Tho Department of Education and Training has dispatch instructions to teach high school history, including a section dedicated direction of teaching history, [Type text] Footer Page 10 of 89 Page Header Page 13 of 89 the socialist country (from 1975) socialist country (1975) Thus, teachers can choose content of local history lesson On that basis, we propose to compile the history of the local post of Phu Tho province in the spirit of innovation 3.1.3 Compilation of local historical lessons in high schools in Phu Tho 3.1.3.1 Base on theory and practice of compilation content of local historical lessons in high school in Phu Tho We defined content lessons of local history in high schools in Phu Tho To ensure the continuation of the local history lessons in second high school to local history lesson high schools, we systematized lessons Table 3.2 System of Phu Tho historical content in secondary and high school Content of Content of Phu Tho history Content of Phu Tho history lesson in national lesson in secondary schools high schools history Grade Lesson Phu Tho from 6: the beginning to build th 33 the country to 10th period century (1period) History of Lesson Phu Tho People join the Vietnam from Grade primitive Grade resistance against the Lesson Phu Tho - the land 10 times to the Mongolian Yuan and 7: th of cultural heritage (1 period) 36 first half of the 46th, Ming invasion (2 period nineteenth 60th, period) century 70th Lesson Practices period learning cultural and traditional craft villages in the locality (1 period) History of Lesson Tradition love Grade Lesson Phu Tho Grade Vietnam latter homeland, country and the 8: People's struggle against 11 th half of 19 struggle against invasion of 50th the French invasion 29th Phu Tho people (1 period) century early period (late 19th) (1 period) period th 20 century Lesson Phu Tho Provincial Party Grade Grade Lesson Achievement of founded and lead the 12 History of Phu Tho province during revolution (from 8-1945 46th 44th Vietnam from renovation (1period) to 3-1940) (2 period) period 1919 to 2000 period I Establishment of Phu Tho Provincial Party th 52 II The August 49th Lesson Learn history of [Type text] Footer Page 13 of 89 Page 11 Header Page 14 of 89 period Revolution 1945 in Phu Tho period where you live (1period) 3.1.3.2 Local history Lessons in high schools in Phu Tho Lesson "Phu Tho - the land of cultural heritage" refers to cultural heritage in Phu Tho, introduce some typical heritage: Hung temple the relic, flagpole in Hung Hoa rampart, Hung Vuong worship creed, Xoan singing Lesson “Tradition love homeland, patriotic and the struggle against invasion of the people Phu Tho” refers to the process of forming, developing and promoting the love traditional homeland, country, fight against foreign invasion of Phu Tho people during historical periods Lesson “Phu Tho province during renovation (from 1986 to present)” refers to the economic - society success in Phu Tho from 1986 to the present and the limitations to be solved locally Lesson “Learn history of where you live” combines’ theory and practice, helping students how to learn and present a problem in which students live Document local history is improved, including contents base, extra reading, document referenced, pictures, chart questions, exercises, guide self –learning 3.2 Choosing organizational form of teaching local history in high schools in Phu Tho 3.2.1 Choosing organizational forms for teaching local historic lessons 3.2.1.1 Organizing of teaching local history lesson in classroom "The form of classroom teaching is a form of teaching that organize study time is specified in a definite way and in a separate location, directing the activities teachers can realize stable collective nature, constant composition, and pay attention to the characteristics of each student to use the methods and means of teaching in order to create favorable conditions for students to master learning materials directly as well as development capacity building and awareness education classroom." Clearly identify the strengths and weaknesses of the organizational forms of teaching local history lesson on the first base class for teachers choose teaching organizational forms appropriate local history In select cases to conduct lessons on local history classes, teachers need to overcome these limitations and promote the advantages of this form of teaching is organized by the innovation of teaching methods, use of teaching aids to improve the efficiency of local history lesson in class In terms of teaching at the high school in Phu Tho province is limited, in order to improve the quality of teaching local history, the efficient organization of local school history class is a measure feasible and can be applied in conditions different facilities of the schools in the province 3.2.1.2 Organizing of teaching local history outside the classroom [Type text] Footer Page 14 of 89 Page 12 Header Page 15 of 89 Knowledge of the historical past, the present, not repeated, which means these events are explored in student learning history happened, never played it again, and cannot be recreated in the classroom However, history left its mark on artifacts, relics, through which students can observe; create icons quite true history of what has happened Knowledge of local history, especially in specific properties, built and is reflected in the exhibits at local museums, monuments or traditional room Therefore, a strong organization in the form of teaching local history is conducted outside the classroom, in museums or traditional historical - local culture The local history teaching beyond the classroom to help students understanding of local historical knowledge vividly , deeply , through observation , study materials and objects , thereby , improving the carrying capacity Executive departments and enhance learning exciting for the students , they have the opportunity to express attitudes , his feelings immediately in the learning process Teaching local history outside the classroom follows the motto " learning go hand in hand with action " , lectures associated with the social reality of life and contribute innovative history teaching methods , improving the quality of teaching history using general and local history teaching in particular However, the conduct lessons in local history museums , monuments and difficulties , as have groomed , takes more time , effort , funding requirements and the ability of religious organizations Members sometimes occurs unsafe In Phu Tho, there are two major museums can organize teaching at the museum, which is Hung Vuong Museum (synthetic) and Hung Vuong Museum (thematic) populations located in Hung Temple the relic, museums military Region II (also located in the city of Vietnam Tri), the traditional rooms, souvenirs scattered throughout the province In addition, the school also offers traditional, historic schools are also within the scope of local history In particular, synthetic appropriate museum for history's lessons taught in all classes 10, 11, 12, as exhibits reflect a comprehensive history, economic characteristics social Phu Tho, convenient transportation conditions and very large yard, easy to focus and organize student activities Conducting local history lesson done in relics heritage education in schools, it helps to answer questions learn history to in a practical way, linking the past with the present, attached with lecture life, associated with action learning The results obtained show the effectiveness and feasibility of this method in teaching local history 3.2.2 Organizing of extracurricular activities in local history Extracurricular activities of local history contribute to the functions and tasks of the subjects The history extracurricular activities to strengthen local knowledge and rich national history and local history in school curricular; through that, education emotional, ethics, quality of students and education team spirit, sense of community responsibility, love of labor, practice spiritual discipline and solidarity On the other hand, extra-curricular activities about local history also has advantages in aligning with school life, associated with practical knowledge, help students apply knowledge learned in life, there are opportunities to help students show the aptitude, personal capacity, software skills in front of Conduct of life situations [Type text] Footer Page 15 of 89 Page 13 Header Page 16 of 89 Content extracurricular activities on local history at high schools may follow two directions: first, the events of history, the typical method; second character of the local history Can use aggregate content about events, characters, and the character of the local culture to put in extracurricular activities 3.2.2.1 Reading books, telling stories about events and character in local To learn knowledge of local history, teachers can organize to form extracurricular reading, storytelling books Teacher notification purposes, plans and lists of local history books for students, and set out the following tasks: Read and summarize the main idea of the book; Foreword to the book's favorite; Retell a story in the book: people, land, food, events of local history 3.2.2.2 Organizing evening of local history Evening history is a form of extra-curricular integrated, attracting all students Topics evening of local history is very attractive content Organizing well gala not only works for students but also a major influence on the local population is a measure associated with social school Organization evening of local history is very attractive form students, teachers require planning thoughtfully; curricular content about local history consistent educational goals; activities to promote positive student History teachers collaborate well with parts and organizing activities 3.2.2.3 Organizing excursion historical-cultural relics, museums in local The excursion is a form of organizational learning hours, off-site classes The visit not only helps students extracurricular expand their knowledge but also facilitate students to apply knowledge into practice Visiting local extracurricular not only help students understand deeper about local history, but also through real life, they can recognize the status of historical - cultural reality of human life people, the expression of economic development - the local society, the problems of environmental pollution, the traffic situation In addition to the aforementioned extracurricular, teachers can organize collection materials, exhibits about the history of the development of the school, participate in a traditional building of the school room; care received historical - cultural, martyrs cemetery care; participate in traditional festivals locally attractive feature of extracurricular student is actually shown skill and his attitude in practice In particular, forms of heritage experience can apply combinations in all curricular local history Organizational form of teaching is a form of motor learning content in a specific space, location and conditions determined to carry out tasks and learning goals For all curricular local history, we focus on the diversification of forms of organizations, conduct location-based lessons, including learning styles in the classroom, school at a local museum, room and learning in traditional relics In addition, enhanced curricular organization of local history as well as a form of improving the quality of teaching local history in Phu Tho province [Type text] Footer Page 16 of 89 Page 14 Header Page 17 of 89 Chapter APPLYING SOME METHODS OF IMPROVING THE QUALITY OF TEACHING LOCAL HISTORY IN HIGH SCHOOLS IN PHU THO PROVINCE COMPLETE PEDAGOGICAL EXPERIMENTATION 4.1 Requirements when selecting methods of teaching local history at high schools in Phu Tho province 4.1.1 The method must meet goal of local history lesson To meet the goal of local history lesson, besides the selection and design of content, should help identify ways to promote student mobility, their creativity, demonstrating the capacity and skills learning to dominate knowledge effectively, and facilitate student attitude, his love for the homeland through learning Each activity is designed to teach lessons in local history must contribute to achieving the objectives of the lesson in general and local history lesson in particular 4.1.2 The method ensures student's ability helps students acquire basic knowledge These methods provide efficient wants to ensure "moderate ability" and help students acquire basic knowledge Measures must be consistent with physiological age and interest level of awareness, the ability of the student activities; does not beyond the ability, not too easy for student The effort by both methods will help students acquire content knowledge effectively; enhances the excitement of learning and skills training for students The effective method to classify students when assessing the performance of the learning task This is a factor to stimulate creative, hardworking students in learning 4.1.3 The methods must ensure to promote active, creative independent thinking of students With a view to innovate teaching methods, teaching student-centered, studentoriented teaching, the method needs to promote positive, independent thinking and creativity of students When conducting local history lesson, as well as other history lessons, teacher pay attention to the conduct of teaching methods for students to actively participate in awareness activities The student is actively expressed in the students actively solve the problems posed by the teacher, excitement and serious cooperation, working with you At higher levels, students set up the new issue and propose a solution 4.1.4 The methods must ensure the feasibility, consistent with specific conditions of local Based on the economic characteristics - the province's social and material conditions close of the school, teachers choose teaching methods appropriate to achieve effective quality teaching local history lesson on all three aspects: knowledge, skills, and attitudes In addition, teachers must also take into account the effect of socio-economic aspects If so that [Type text] Footer Page 17 of 89 Page 15 Header Page 18 of 89 effective teaching to raise so much money and effort of the students, the school and the family is not really effective The conditions on the teacher as a basis for determining and applying the method in local history lesson Depending on the contents of the lesson, pupils, facilities conditions that teachers select and use appropriate methods to achieve efficient lessons 4.2 Applying some methods to improve the quality of teaching local history in high schools in Phu Tho 4.2.1 Applying teaching project Teaching project is a form of teaching, in which students perform a complex learning task, which combines theory and practice, creating products can introduce This mission is carried out with students high in self-reliance in the entire learning process Teamwork is the basic form of work-based learning project The local history lesson Phu Tho province which outside the thesis proposed to provide content knowledge also facilitates teacher organizations active teaching activities Features local history knowledge is specific, close to the daily lives of students in accordance with the teaching characteristics of the project, such as merging theory with practice, thinking combined action, combined school and social life, stimulate interest in learning, promote creative energy The creative application as well as capture the interests and capabilities of the student teachers will help teachers to select content appropriate local history with a teaching project Lesson "Learn the history in where student live," combines theory and practice clearly showed the advantage of proceed teaching project The lessons to research knowledge, as " Phu Tho- the land of cultural heritage", "Traditional love home land, patriotic, struggle against foreign invaders of Phu Tho People", "The achievement of Phu Tho in era innovation "can also implement a number of projects such as:" Learn folklore Phu Tho province "," Learn Hung temple relics and promote the value of solutions monument "," Learn Xoan singing and conservation measures Xoan singing "," Learn loves traditional homeland, the country's struggle against foreign invaders in Phu Tho people's history "," the change of economic - social at home children during renovation " In teaching local history in high school, with knowledge of the characteristics and traits of cognition and psychology students aged 15-18, teaching project should deploy in small projects, in mixture For example, lesson "Phu Tho - the land of cultural heritage" is done in class, according to the project method as follows: Step 1: Search Topics: teacher make great content that "traditional culture in Phu Tho" then teacher thinking using diagrams to help students identify topics, such as: the legacy culture in Phu Tho province, singing oval, Hung Vuong worship creed, Hung Temple relic and culture of ethnic minorities in Phu Tho Step Scheduling: The teacher guide the team plan work tasks Step 3: Project Implementation: This is a very important part of the project On the basis of the plan was set tasks, they deploy the implementation of the proposed activities within the time limit set out [Type text] Footer Page 18 of 89 Page 16 Header Page 19 of 89 Step 4: Synthesis, statement: This phase includes the construction period and product reports The report will show the product of team cooperation, as well as enabling individuals to promote their capabilities Step 5: Evaluation: The evaluation of project method focuses not only products but also evaluation process, on the side of knowledge, skills, attitudes, by knowledge tests, the observation checklist and products We have conducted pedagogical experiments applying methods teaching project into local history lesson according to the proposed process Results of knowledge tests as follows: Table 4.1 Synthesis results of pedagogy experimentation applying the teaching projects method in to local history Marks Grade Numbers 10 Reference 140 40 63 24 group 100% 3,6 4,3 28,6 45 17,1 1,4 Experimental 136 0 24 57 40 13 group 0 1,5 17,6 41,9 29,4 9,6 100% X 6,72 7,28 Table 4.1 showed that the average of the experiments group is higher than the reference group, along with it, the rate of good points in the experimental group is higher than reference group; simultaneously, in the experimental group no points below the average In the classroom, collaboration in each group and among groups together effectively 4.2.2 Applying teaching contract Teaching contract is a learning activity in which each student is assigned a package deal including the different compulsory and optional tasks / exercises in a period of time Students will decide actively and independently about the time for each task/ assignment and the execution order of tasks / exercise that according to his or her ability To apply teaching contracts in local history lesson, teachers need to follow these steps: select content and time appropriately; design and implement lesson plans; evaluate, liquidated contract For example, the task "Learn the history of where student live," was conducted in a classroom Time to perform the contract in one class period The goal is achieved students have skills collected documents, introduce unique to her or his homeland, as festivals, commodities, customs capable of working independently Therefore, students understand and proud of homeland The contracts specify the time taken is 40 minutes and the tasks to be implemented as: Task (compulsory): Learn the content and layout of the article "Lau Thuong village temple festival." Task (compulsory): Outline one detailed article about the Hung Temple Festival Task (optional): students choose to learn one of the following topics: a One historical monument in the village where you were born and grew up [Type text] Footer Page 19 of 89 Page 17 Header Page 20 of 89 b One customs and unique festival of the village where you live c One traditional food, produce, artisanal products typical d history of the school you are studying The learning contract includes tasks, including compulsory tasks The purpose of the compulsory task is training for student foundation skills to study a problem of local history Therefore, the compulsory tasks are suitable for all of students to search and discover information, or to apply simple knowledge, skills to solve tasks The optional tasks facilitate students reveal interests, her or his excitement for local historical issues The purpose of the optional task is to promote independence, creativity in thinking, on the basis of compulsory tasks The design of such activities clearly indicates the intention of creating differentiation capacity and interest in learning of students We have carried out experiments teaching contracts for local history lessons in high schools in Phu Tho follow the proposed process To evaluate the quality lessons, we use the observation checklist and knowledge test Checklist observed shows students comfortable in class, to listen, write and work actively, independently, to choose favorite tasks to perform The result of the test is: Table 4.2 Statistics results of experimental pedagogical apply teaching contract to local history lesson Marks Grade Numbers Reference 128 group 100% 0,7 12,5 31,3 32,8 15,6 0,8 Experimental 130 0 24 45 44 14 group 0 2,3 18,5 34,6 33,8 10,8 100% 16 40 42 20 10 X 6,40 7,32 Table 4.2 shows, the percentage of students scoring over average to good of the experimental group was 79.2%, while the reference group only 49.2% This contributes to the average score in the experimental group and the reference group was higher than 0.92 The divide between students in the experimental group more than the reference group 4.2.3 Using cultural heritage in teaching local history Using cultural heritage the local school to teach local history can be done depends on teacher’s creativity, material conditions of the school and the characteristics of local heritage Based on local history lesson in curricular or extracurricular activities on local history and the organizational form of teaching in the classroom or outside the classroom, the use of cultural heritage in teaching local history can be conducted in different measures Egg: Using materials of cultural heritage in teaching local history (in class); Conducting teaching local history in relics, local museum (outside the classroom); conducting an excursion; Experience in local heritage This division is relative, because in local history lessons, students can access and experience heritage (such as student project Xoan singing, can learn and practice Xoan singing in the village of Xoan); or in sightseeing activities, extracurricular, teachers use the material to introduce heritage All of four local history [Type text] Footer Page 20 of 89 Page 18 Header Page 21 of 89 lessons that we proposed using heritage in teaching local history However, the use of uneven method, the most advantage is "Phu Tho - the land of cultural heritage", following is "Learn the history of where they live." In chapter 3, the thesis refers to forms of conducting lessons in local history relics, local museums and excursion on local history In this chapter, we focus on two measures is the use of the material in the local cultural heritage in local history lesson and experience heritages in teaching local history Phu Tho province 4.2.3.1 Using materials of cultural heritage in teaching local history The use of material on cultural heritage in teaching local history can perform in any conditions, facilities circumstances; it is entirely consistent with all subjects’ teachers and students in the high School in Phu Tho In order to select documents on cultural heritage in teaching local history, teachers can follow the steps: to select content about heritage that be introduced in local history lesson; to search for heritages documents; to design activities teaching –learning local history To the students, teachers can give students organized collections of heritages materials; to interview witnesses and introduce heritages Teaching local history at local museums, relics has advantages that students are approached directly to heritage through the material in there Therefore, teaching local history at local museums and historical - cultural heritage is using cultural heritage in teaching local history in high schools 4.2.3.2 Experience of heritage in teaching local history Experience of heritages is students done, put her/ his-self in that heritage, such as dance – sing Xoan singing, practiced Hung Kings ceremonies, plays the character and participate in rituals or games in festivals The best way of experience heritage that is done in the space of cultural heritages, in other conditions, students can practice through testing, training, games Education of heritages in teaching local history is a new approach, inspire both teachers and students, although teaching in the classroom and outside classroom Results of tests of knowledge as pedagogical experiments as follows: Table 4.3 Summary of experimental teaching pedagogical heritage in teaching local history Marks Numbers Grade 134 100% 0,0 0,0 3,73 16 11,9 Experimental 137 100% group 0,0 0,0 0,72 15 21 56 10,95 15,33 40,9 Reference group 38 51 28,45 38,1 X 22 16,42 1,4 10 0,0, 0,0 6,56 34 24,8 0,0 0,0 7,0 10 7,3 Table 4.3 shows the average score of the Reference group was 6.56; lower than the average score of the Experimental group (7.0) Points below the average rate of the Reference group were 3.73%, while this rate decreased significantly in the experimental group (0.72%) While, the percentage of good points in the experimental group was 32.1%, higher than the rate in the Reference group (7.82%) In terms of knowledge, there is no big difference, but on skills, and attitudes, students in the experimental group are better 4.3 Complete pedagogical experimentation [Type text] Footer Page 21 of 89 Page 19 Header Page 22 of 89 4.3.1 The purpose of pedagogical experimentation The purpose of experiments is to test scientific hypotheses of the research: if the measures we propose to apply the quality of teaching local history in high schools in Phu Tho province will be improved and to evaluate the feasibility of the methods of teaching local history 4.3.2 The objects and places for pedagogical experimentation We conducted experimental pedagogy in many different high schools in Phu Tho province from 2010 -2013 We selected some representative of the province's terrain: plains, midland and mountainous areas; which includes both public and private schools in the province We selected the Reference group with the Experimental group equivalent to the number of students, qualifications, abilities and physical conditions in service learning 4.3.3 The content and methods of pedagogical experimentation * The content: We selected the content and design local history lesson in Phu Tho, including one lesson in grade 10, one lesson in grade 11 and two lessons in grade 12 * The method: Within the scope of the thesis, we present the first empirical pedagogical all "Phu Tho - the land of cultural heritage" in class and lesson "Tradition loved homeland, country, fight against invasion of Phu Tho people "at Hung Vuong Museum 4.3.4 Evaluation results of pedagogical experimentation * Evaluation methods We evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed measures on the qualitative and quantitative After experiments, we talked, interviewed with teachers and students, combined observations and tests - The opinions of teachers, students, individuals and organs: the opinions focused add on the content and teaching methods; to support the method that we propose - Synthesis and evaluation of experimental results: We have collected results after each lesson Based on the method of impact assessment studies, the data is processed according to statistical probability formulas, we calculate the mode parameter, the average value ( X ), the standard deviation (S), the precision the data around the average value and values survey (t) between the reference group and the experimental group (See tables 4.4, 4.5) We also show frequency points (see table 4.6 and 4.7) in the score value through chart (see chart 4.8a and 4.8b) To test a scientific way to measure the value of the TNSP, we rely on the average parameters and variance (S) was calculate (Table 4.1 and 4.2) to find the value t On the basis of the value t, we used the Student distribution table with α = 0.05 (i.e in 100 cases, cases not significant) and standard deviation k = 2n -2 freedom to find tα limit (See Table 4.9a and 4.9 b) Based on statistical probability theory, t is greater than tα; it showed t>t α means applying measures have an impact Thus, based on the parameters derived from the experimental results, we confirmed the proposed measures to improve the efficiency of local history teaching in high schools in Phu Tho province is meaningful and feasible [Type text] Footer Page 22 of 89 Page 20 Header Page 23 of 89 *** Our proposed system to improve the quality of teaching local history in the following diagram: Teaching local history in high schools in Phu Tho Local history lessons Extracurricular activities of local history Content Form teaching Methods Reading Lesson Phú Thọ -the land of culture heritage Museu m Using cultural heritage Apply teaching contact Apply teaching project Conditional room Evening Relics Lesson Learn about history of where you live Conduct local history out class Lesson Phu Tho province during renovation (from 1986 to present) Conduct local history in class Lesson Tradition love homeland, country and the struggle against invasion of Phu Tho people Telling Excursion Experienc e heritage P 4.8 Diagram synthetic of proposed to improve the quality of teaching local history in high schools in Phu Tho The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed order to improve the quality of teaching local history Phu Tho province in content and teaching methods proven through experimental pedagogy Depending on the particular conditions of schools and students, teacher selection, using appropriate methods [Type text] Footer Page 23 of 89 Page 21 Header Page 24 of 89 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The quality of teaching, including teaching recent history is concerned by the Party, the State and society History in schools is teaching quality evaluation is limited Improving the quality of teaching history is a critical requirement for comprehensive education and keeps students as subjects, before being able to elevate the position of history in schools Knowledge of local history is not on content inspection and evaluation of the quality department, so teaching local history limitations as compared to the target and its role in the schools From research "Improving the quality of teaching local history in secondary schools in Phu Tho province", we have some conclusions Instruction local history in schools contribute to enrich the historical knowledge to students, helping students not understanding the history of his homeland but also extended deeper into national history Through exposure to many materials objects of their local history they will be equipped with knowledge about working life and traditions of the local people, so they have a large effect in the home education of love flavor, giving students aware of the relationship between local histories to national history Teaching local history also helped students develop subject ability to apply skills from school in reality Actually, teaching local history in many places are not concerned with its role in the school, therefore, improving the quality of teaching local history in high schools is necessary Innovation of teaching local history to improve the quality of teaching should be taken for the content, organizational forms and methods of teaching About content: local knowledge is selected in high schools should science and attractive students Content teaching local history not only illustrates nation history, but also expresses the dynamic of life issues around where students were born and grew up in relationships with others in the local area Identify comprehensively local knowledge, focused knowledge of culture, economy, forming local cultural identity, help students integrate without losing identity homeland On the organizational form of teaching local history need diversity, innovative teaching focus towards promoting a positive and practical capacity of the HS subjects, especially forming lifelong self-learning capability Teaching local history should strengthen conducted in museums, traditional houses, in the historical and cultural monuments, enabling students to expand learning space, to experience local history, contribute to preserving and promoting the cultural heritage values of the people of Phu Tho, contribution to national culture and human culture Besides curricular lessons, extracurricular activities of local history as well as forms contribute to improving the quality of teaching local history In terms of teaching methods to local history changed dramatically With unique knowledge of local history, the application of methods has advantages increase the practice, [Type text] Footer Page 24 of 89 Page 22 Header Page 25 of 89 theory associated with life, school associated with social make local history come alive; promoting students' positive, inspiring, practical capacity for student subject is necessary To improve the quality of teaching local history in high schools in Phu Tho province, we have some recommendations Firstly, to improve the quality and history teachers, awareness of the importance of teaching local history to professional management team history at all levels of the education sector in the province The training in university is just beginning the process of selftraining of each teacher throughout her/his life Want HS positive, independent, creative thinking and lifelong self-learning capability should have the GV positive, creative and selftraining, specialized training in the profession The process of training in college is just beginning the process of self-training of each teacher throughout his life To want students, who are active, independent, creative thinking and self-learning capability lifelong need for teacher are be active, creativity and self-training, specialized training in the profession Secondly, the school board Phu Tho Province high schools should encourage teachers to organize diverse forms of teaching, rich, open collector and threatening display of documents, exhibits and learn about tourism products local history, school history, thereby, establish "local Bookshelf" in the school library; lessons through curricular and extracurricular about local history enhanced practicality, associated with the characteristics and objectives of socio-economic localities; combine school education - family - society in the comprehensive development of students Third, the Department of Education and Training Phu Tho province should more attention to teaching local history in high schools, specifically as: The first, compiling teaching materials of local history at high schools in Phu Tho province according to the theme The lesson that the thesis proposal can be put into use until a formal document issued by the Department of Education and Training compiled and released The second allow teachers autonomy in teaching local history about timing, form, and place of conducting lessons For example, article "Phu Tho - the land of cultural heritage" is taught in grade 10 at the time of preparation activities Hung Temple Festival, or at the time of the festival in local, in classroom or relics The third, teacher training content and methods of teaching local history, open forum "Teaching local history" on the website of the Department of Education and Training Phu Tho province; encourage teachers to compile local history topics consistent with the close geographical, enhance communication, exchange of experience teaching history in general and teaching local history in particular among teachers in high schools in the district and province The fourth incorporate the contents local historical knowledge into activities test and evaluation, as the semester test, competes in, competition of good teachers Fourthly, the implementation of the principles of education and the State Party, from the role and significance of teaching local history, teaching local history not only of the private school, which needs coordination levels of management, the relevant agencies such [Type text] Footer Page 25 of 89 Page 23 Header Page 26 of 89 as the Provincial Party Committee Propaganda Department, the sector of Education and training, the sector of Culture, Sports and Tourism, Association of Science History Phu Tho, Phu Tho Heritage Association, Hung Vuong Museum can open contests on local history, heritage founded the village of Phu Tho, playing with folk games or local projects for students [Type text] Footer Page 26 of 89 Page 24 Header Page 27 of 89 THE RESEARCH WORKS OF AUTHOR RELATED TO THE THESIS Tran Van Anh (2009), “Some methods of teaching local history articles Phu Tho province in grade 10 high schools”; Education Review, No 216, pp 37-40 Tran Van Anh (2011), "Some methods of teaching local history in Britain" Education Review, 269, pp 39-40, 45 Tran Van Anh (2013), "New approach to teaching local history in schools." Education Review, 305, pp 42-44 Tran Van Anh (2013), "Building a heritage processes associated education teaching local history in schools today," Teaching and Learning today Magazine, in November, pages 42 - 44 Tran Van Anh (2011), "Some forms, methods to improve the quality of teaching local history in high schools in Phu Tho province" Research project at Hanoi National University of Education Tran Van Anh (2013), "Improving the efficiency of local history lessons in secondary schools through teaching in museum field." Research project at Hanoi College of Education, 2012-2013 [Type text] Footer Page 27 of 89 Page 25 ... quality of teaching local history in schools Phu Tho province From this reason, we have chosen a research problem: "Improving the quality of teaching local history in high schools in Phu Tho province" ... specialized of Reasoning and methods of teaching History The objects and scope of research The object of this research is teaching process of local history teaching in high schools in Phu Tho province. .. for the young generation 2.2 Database of practice 2.2.1 The situation of teaching local history in high schools in Phu Tho province 2.2.1.1 The direction of teaching local history of the Phu Tho