Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc Stages of Groups, Group Process, and Therapeutic Forces ©2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Chapter – The Working Stage – The Closing Stage Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc All groups go through three stages: – The Beginning Stage ©2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Stages of Groups Tuckman: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc Corey: formation, orientation, transition, working, consolidation, and follow-up ©2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Other Models of Sequential Stages Dynamics of Interaction Patterns – Who talks to whom and how often members speak? – Is the interaction member to member or member to leader? Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc Group process: interaction and energy exchange among members and leaders ©2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Group Process Members have different abilities to learn Members at different comfort levels with the material – Discussion Groups Leader needs to be aware of member trying to dominate Leader should try to get everyone to participate Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc A discussion of group dynamics must take into consideration the kind of group and the leadership style – Education Groups ©2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Group Dynamics of Different Kinds of Groups – Task Groups Members may need conflict-resolution Be aware of power plays – Growth & Experiential Groups Most important is how members feel about each other since they will be sharing personally Wide variety of needs among members Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc continued ©2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Group Dynamics of Different Kinds of Groups – Support Groups Level of trust, commitment, and caring is essential Need for commonality – Counseling & Therapy Groups Members at different levels of mental health Members have wide variety of needs – Self-Help Groups No identified leader Dynamics vary depending on membership Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc continued ©2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Group Dynamics of Different Kinds of Groups Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc Instillation of hope Universality Imparting of information Altruism Corrective recapitulation of the primary family group ©2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Yalom’s Curative Factors Development of socialization techniques Imitative behavior Interpersonal learning Group cohesiveness Catharsis Existential factors Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc continued ©2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Yalom’s Curative Factors Clarity of Purpose – Leader needs to be clear – Members need to be clear Relevance of Purpose – Must fit the purpose of the group Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc A skilled leader is always paying attention to the therapeutic forces in a group ©2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Therapeutic Forces Group Size – Depends on the kind of group – 5-8 members usually best – Educational groups can be larger Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc continued ©2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Therapeutic Forces Length of Each Session – Depends on kind of group – Varies with members – Discussion, Education, 1-2 hours – School groups—20-40 minutes – Support, Counseling, Therapy groups 11/2-2 hours Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc continued ©2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Therapeutic Forces Frequency of meetings – Depends on setting and purpose Daily – residential setting, counseling/therapy Weekly- residential or community setting, counseling/therapy, support Bi-weekly-community, support, psychoeducational Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc continued ©2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Therapeutic Forces Adequacy of the Setting – Be prepared for inadequate places to conduct groups – Ideally, a private space with the same size chairs Time of Day – Convenient for leaders and members – After lunch is often difficult—members are sleepy The Leader’s Attitude – Member’s definite pick up the positive or negative attitude of the leader Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc continued ©2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Therapeutic Forces Closed or Open Groups – Open groups are more difficult New members come Members leave Members can’t get as close Voluntary or Nonvoluntary Membership – It is usually an anti-therapeutic force at the beginning with nonvoluntary members Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc continued ©2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Therapeutic Forces Member’s Level of Commitment Level of Trust – The leader is crucial in the development of trust in a group Member’s Attitudes Toward the Leader The Leader’s Experience in leading Groups Coleadership Harmony Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc continued ©2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Therapeutic Forces Copyright © 2012 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc Balance process vs content A common mistake is to focus too much on one or the other – Process here refers to the group dynamics, and therapeutic forces – Content refers to the purpose or task of the group ©2016 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Process And Content [...].. .Group Size – Depends on the kind of group – 5-8 members usually best – Educational groups can be larger Copyright © 20 12 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc continued 20 16 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Therapeutic Forces Length of Each Session – Depends on kind of group – Varies with members – Discussion, Education, 1 -2 hours – School groups 20 -40 minutes – Support, Counseling, ... Therapy groups 11 /2- 2 hours Copyright © 20 12 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc continued 20 16 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Therapeutic Forces Frequency of meetings – Depends on setting and purpose Daily – residential setting, counseling/ therapy Weekly- residential or community setting, counseling/ therapy, support Bi-weekly-community, support, psychoeducational Copyright © 20 12 Brooks/Cole,... Copyright © 20 12 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc continued 20 16 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Therapeutic Forces Closed or Open Groups – Open groups are more difficult New members come Members leave Members can’t get as close Voluntary or Nonvoluntary Membership – It is usually an anti-therapeutic force at the beginning with nonvoluntary members Copyright © 20 12 Brooks/Cole,... rights reserved Therapeutic Forces Copyright © 20 12 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc Balance process vs content A common mistake is to focus too much on one or the other – Process here refers to the group dynamics, and therapeutic forces – Content refers to the purpose or task of the group 20 16 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Process And Content ... Cengage Learning, Inc continued 20 16 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Therapeutic Forces Member’s Level of Commitment Level of Trust – The leader is crucial in the development of trust in a group Member’s Attitudes Toward the Leader The Leader’s Experience in leading Groups Coleadership Harmony Copyright © 20 12 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc continued 20 16 Cengage Learning All rights... psychoeducational Copyright © 20 12 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc continued 20 16 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Therapeutic Forces Adequacy of the Setting – Be prepared for inadequate places to conduct groups – Ideally, a private space with the same size chairs Time of Day – Convenient for leaders and members – After lunch is often difficult—members are sleepy The Leader’s Attitude ... Depends on kind of group – Varies with members – Discussion, Education, 1 -2 hours – School groups 20 -40 minutes – Support, Counseling, Therapy groups 11 /2- 2 hours Copyright © 20 12 Brooks/Cole, a... Copyright © 20 12 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc continued 20 16 Cengage Learning All rights reserved Group Dynamics of Different Kinds of Groups Copyright © 20 12 Brooks/Cole,... Copyright © 20 12 Brooks/Cole, a division of Cengage Learning, Inc A discussion of group dynamics must take into consideration the kind of group and the leadership style – Education Groups 20 16 Cengage