Crisis intervention strategies chapter 1

Chapter – Approaching Crisis Intervention CRISIS DEFINITION • Crisis • • • • • A perception or experiencing of an event or situations as an intolerable difficulty that exceeds the person’s current resources and coping mechanisms WITHOUT RELIEF CAN CAUSE… • • • severe affective, behavioral, and cognitive malfunctioning CHARACTERISTICS OF CRISIS Danger and/or Opportunity • Danger – causing one to be overwhelmed • Serious pathology Opportunity – induces one to seek help • • Intervention THREE WAYS TO REACT Cope and develop strength Survive, block, and remain haunted Break down CHARACTERISTICS OF CRISIS Complex and difficult to understand • Compounding problems • Environmental problems • • • • Individual, Family Institutions Neighborhood, community Geographical, national CHARACTERISTICS OF CRISIS Seeds of Growth and Change • Threshold for change CHARACTERISTICS OF CRISIS No Quick Fixes • Brief therapy can help, but may be temporary • Quick fixes can “mask” the pain CHARACTERISTICS OF CRISIS Forces choice and decision • To something (positive) • Or not (negative) CHARACTERISTICS OF CRISIS Universality and Idiosyncrasy • No one is immune… • But everyone deals with crisis in their own way TRANSCRISIS STATES • • • • • • • Crisis is usually time limited, but may become a series of recurring moments May last a life time Triggers can occur Roller coaster Unfinished business Defensive repression (requiring intervention) TRANSCRISIS • • • • • May not have anything to with PTSD Many personality or anxiety disorders can represent transcrisis states Trauma, personality, substance abuse, psychosis or stress Because of chronic kinds of thinking, feeling, and acting “Normal” people, but always “at risk” POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER • • • • Identifiable anxiety disorder Specific criteria for diagnosis Extremely traumatic event Can cause transcrisis states TRANSCRISIS POINTS Client with new developmental stage progression • • • • • • • • • Disequlibrium Occur frequently in transcrisis states Within the therapeutic intervention Not predictable Not regular Not linear May cause additional crisis intervention Can be benchmarks for growth BASIC CRISIS INTERVENTION THEORY • • 1940’s to 1960’s Lindemann and Caplan • • • • Traumatic events Situational or developmental disequilibrium brief therapy equilibrium Eliminating the distortions working through BASIC CRISIS THEORY • • Depends on intensity of clients view of problem as intolerable Level of emotional disequilibrium BRIEF THERAPY • • Can be used as a crisis intervention but… Does not have to be crisisevent related EXPANDED CRISIS THEORY • • • • • • • Psychoanalytic Theory (unconscious/early fixations) Systems Theory (inter-relational/interdependence) Ecosystems Theory (environmental interrelatedness) Adaptational Theory (maladaptive coping behaviors) Interpersonal Theory (enhancing self-confidence) Chaos Theory (disorganization yields organization) Developmental Theory (unresolved life stages) APPLIED CRISIS THEORY (4 DOMAINS) Developmental Crises (normal flow of life) Situational Crises (un-forcasted, random, sudden, shocking) Existential Crises (inner conflicts, life anxieties) Ecosystem Crises (natural or human-caused disaster) CRISIS INTERVENTION MODELS Basis for many intervention strategies and methodologies Equilibrium (control to loss of control) Cognitive (faulty thinking and belief) Psychosocial transition (heredity and environmental learning) Developmental-ecological (stages within the system) Contextual-ecological (proximity, meaning, relationships, time) ECLECTIC CRISIS INTERVENTION THEORY • • • Selecting and integrating valid approaches Not being bound to any one approach Part skill and part intuition CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE CRISIS WORKERS • • • • • Life experiences (maturity vs baggage) Poise (remaining calm and stable) Creativity and Flexibility (taking risks with divergent thinking) Energy and Resiliency (organized action and able to bounce back) Quick Mental Reflexes (time is critical) CAN BE REWARDING • • • Gratifying Reinforcing Looking beyond dilemmas to coping techniques [...]... traumatic event Can cause transcrisis states TRANSCRISIS POINTS Client with new developmental stage progression • • • • • • • • • Disequlibrium Occur frequently in transcrisis states Within the therapeutic intervention Not predictable Not regular Not linear May cause additional crisis intervention Can be benchmarks for growth BASIC CRISIS INTERVENTION THEORY • • 19 40’s to 19 60’s Lindemann and Caplan •... Theory (unresolved life stages) APPLIED CRISIS THEORY (4 DOMAINS) 1 2 3 4 Developmental Crises (normal flow of life) Situational Crises (un-forcasted, random, sudden, shocking) Existential Crises (inner conflicts, life anxieties) Ecosystem Crises (natural or human-caused disaster) CRISIS INTERVENTION MODELS Basis for many intervention strategies and methodologies 1 Equilibrium (control to loss of control)... disequilibrium brief therapy equilibrium Eliminating the distortions working through BASIC CRISIS THEORY • • Depends on intensity of clients view of problem as intolerable Level of emotional disequilibrium BRIEF THERAPY • • Can be used as a crisis intervention but… Does not have to be crisisevent related EXPANDED CRISIS THEORY • • • • • • • Psychoanalytic Theory (unconscious/early fixations) Systems Theory...TRANSCRISIS STATES • • • • • • • Crisis is usually time limited, but may become a series of recurring moments May last a life time Triggers can occur Roller coaster Unfinished business Defensive repression (requiring intervention) TRANSCRISIS • • • • • May not have anything to do with PTSD Many personality or anxiety disorders can represent transcrisis states Trauma, personality,... Developmental-ecological (stages within the system) 5 Contextual-ecological (proximity, meaning, relationships, time) ECLECTIC CRISIS INTERVENTION THEORY • • • Selecting and integrating valid approaches Not being bound to any one approach Part skill and part intuition CHARACTERISTICS OF EFFECTIVE CRISIS WORKERS • • • • • Life experiences (maturity vs baggage) Poise (remaining calm and stable) Creativity and Flexibility ... predictable Not regular Not linear May cause additional crisis intervention Can be benchmarks for growth BASIC CRISIS INTERVENTION THEORY • • 19 40’s to 19 60’s Lindemann and Caplan • • • • Traumatic events... cause transcrisis states TRANSCRISIS POINTS Client with new developmental stage progression • • • • • • • • • Disequlibrium Occur frequently in transcrisis states Within the therapeutic intervention. .. life anxieties) Ecosystem Crises (natural or human-caused disaster) CRISIS INTERVENTION MODELS Basis for many intervention strategies and methodologies Equilibrium (control to loss of control)