(1) EN 199111 gives design guidance and actions for the structural design of buildings and civil engineering works including some geotechnical aspects for the following subjects: Densities of construction materials and stored materials; Selfweight of construction works; Imposed loads for buildings.(2) Section 4 and Annex A give nominal values for densities of specific building materials, additional materials for bridges and stored materials. In addition for specific materials the angle of repose is provided.(3) Section 5 provides methods for the assessment of the characteristic values of selfweight of construction works.(4) Section 6 gives characteristic values of imposed loads for floors and roofs according to category of use in the following areas in buildings: residential, social, commercial and administration areas; garage and vehicle traffic areas; areas for storage and industrial activities; roofs; helicopter landing areas. (5) The loads on traffic areas given in Section 6 refer to vehicles up to a gross vehicle weight of 160 kN. The design for traffic areas for heavy vehicles of more than 160 kN gross weight needs to be agreed with the relevant authority. Further information may be obtained from EN 19912. (6) For barriers or walls having the function of barriers, horizontal forces are given in Section 6. Annex B gives additional guidance for vehicle barriers in car parks. (7) For the design situations and effects of actions in silos and tanks caused by water or other materials see EN 19913.
BRITISH STANDARD BS EN 1991-1-1:2002 Licensed Copy: na na, University of Northumbria (JISC), Mon Oct 16 03:42:00 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Incorporating Corrigendum No Eurocode 1: Actions on structures — Part 1-1: General actions — Densities, self-weight, imposed loads for buildings The European Standard EN 1991-1-1:2002 has the status of a British Standard ICS 91.010.30 12 &231)2) 19,0 to 23,0 12,0 to 18,0 18,0 to 20,0 12,0 to 18,0 Increase by 1kN/m3 for normal percentage of reinforcing and pre-stressing steel 2) Increase by 1kN/m3 for unhardened concrete NOTE See Section 32 EN 1991-1-1:2002 (E) Licensed Copy: na na, University of Northumbria (JISC), Mon Oct 16 03:42:00 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Table A.2 - Construction materials-masonry Materials Density [kN/m3] masonry units clay masonry units calcium silicate masonry units see prEN 771-1 see prEN 771-2 aggregate concrete masonry units see prEN 771-3 autoclaved aerated masonry units see prEN 771-4 manufactured stone masonry units see prEN 771-5 glass blocks, hollow see prEN 1051 terra cotta natural stones, see prEN 771-6 granite, syenite, porphyry basalt, diorite, gabbro tachylyte basaltic lava gray wacke, sandstone dense limestone other limestone volcanic tuff gneiss slate 21,0 27,0 to 30,0 27,0 to 31,0 26,0 24,0 21,0 to 27,0 20,0 to 29,0 20,0 20,0 30,0 28,0 NOTE See Section 33 EN 1991-1-1:2002 (E) Licensed Copy: na na, University of Northumbria (JISC), Mon Oct 16 03:42:00 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Table A.3 - Construction materials-wood Materials Density [kN/m3] wood (see EN 338 for timber strength classes) timber strength class C14 timber strength class C16 timber strength class C18 timber strength class C22 timber strength class C24 timber strength class C27 timber strength class C30 timber strength class C35 timber strength class C40 timber strength class D30 timber strength class D35 timber strength class D40 timber strength class D50 timber strength class D60 timber strength class D70 3,5 3,7 3,8 4,1 4,2 4,5 4,6 4,8 5,0 6,4 6,7 7,0 7,8 8,4 10,8 glued laminated timber (see EN 1194 for Timber strength classes) homogenious glulam GL24h homogenious glulam GL28h homogenious glulam GL32h homogenious glulam GL36h combined glulam GL24c combined glulam GL28c combined glulam GL32c combined glulam GL36c 3,7 4,0 4,2 4,4 3,5 3,7 4,0 4,2 plywood softwood plywood birch plywood laminboard and blockboard 5,0 7,0 4,5 particle boards chipboard cement-bonded particle board flake board, oriented strand board, wafer board fibre building board hardboard, standard and tempered medium density fibreboard softboard NOTE See Section 34 7,0 to 8,0 12,0 7,0 10,0 8,0 4,0 EN 1991-1-1:2002 (E) Licensed Copy: na na, University of Northumbria (JISC), Mon Oct 16 03:42:00 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Table A.4 - Construction materials-metals Materials metals aluminium brass bronze copper iron, cast iron, wrought lead steel zinc Density [kN/m3] 27,0 83,0 to 85,0 83,0 to 85,0 87,0 to 89,0 71,0 to 72,5 76,0 112,0 to 114,0 77,0 to 78,5 71,0 to 72,0 Table A.5 - Construction materials- other materials Materials Density [kN/m3] other materials glass, broken glass, in sheets plastics acrylic sheet polystyrene, expanded, granules foam glass slate 22,0 25,0 12,0 0,3 1,4 28,0 35 EN 1991-1-1:2002 (E) Licensed Copy: na na, University of Northumbria (JISC), Mon Oct 16 03:42:00 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Table A.6 - Bridge materials Materials Density [kN/m3] pavement of road bridges gussasphalt and asphaltic concrete mastic asphalt hot rolled asphalt 24,0 to 25,0 18,0 to 22,0 23,0 infills for bridges sand (dry) ballast, gravel (loose) hardcore crushed slag packed stone rubble puddle clay 15,0 to 16,01) 15,0 to 16,01) 18,5 to 19,5 13,5 to 14,51) 20,5 to 21,5 18,5 to 19,5 pavement of rail bridges concrete protective layer normal ballast (e.g granite, gneiss, etc.) basaltic ballast structures with ballasted bed rails UIC 60 prestressed concrete sleeper with track fastenings concrete sleepers with metal angle braces timber sleepers with track fastenings structures without ballasted bed rails UIC 60 with track fastenings rails UIC 60 with track fastenings, bridge beam and guard rails 1) Given in other tables as stored materials Excludes an allowance for ballast 3) Assumes a spacing of 600mm 2) NOTE The values for track are also applicable outside railway bridges NOTE See Section 36 25,0 20,0 26 Weight per unit bed length 2) 3) gk [kN/m] 1,2 4,8 1,9 1,7 4,9 EN 1991-1-1:2002 (E) Licensed Copy: na na, University of Northumbria (JISC), Mon Oct 16 03:42:00 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Table A.7 - Stored materials - building and construction Materials Density [kN/m3] aggregates (see prEN 206) 9,0 to 20,0 1) lightweight 20,0 to 30,0 normal > 30,0 heavyweight 15,0 to 20,0 gravel and sand, bulked 14,0 to 19,0 sand blast furnace slag 17,0 lumps 12,0 granules 9,0 crushed foamed 15,0 brick sand, crushed brick, broken bricks vermiculite 1,0 exfoliated, aggregate for concrete 6,0 to 9,0 crude bentonite 8,0 loose 11,0 shaken down cement 16,0 in bulk 15,0 in bag 10,0 to 14,0 fly ash 25,0 glass, in sheets 15,0 gypsum, ground 15,0 lignite filter ash 13,0 lime 13,0 limestone, powder 12,0 magnesite, ground plastics, 6,4 polyethylene, polystyrol granulated 5,9 polyvinylchloride, powder 11,8 polyester resin 13,0 glue resins 10,0 water, fresh 1) see table A.1 for density classes of lightweight concrete Angle of repose [°] 30 30 30 35 30 40 30 35 35 40 28 25 25 20 25 25 to 27 30 40 - NOTE See Section 37 EN 1991-1-1:2002 (E) Table A.8 - Stored products - agricultural Licensed Copy: na na, University of Northumbria (JISC), Mon Oct 16 03:42:00 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Products farmyard manure (minimum 60 % solids) manure (with dry straw) dry chicken manure slurry (maximum 20 % solids) fertiliser, artificial NPK, granulated basic slag, crushed phosphates, granulated potassium sulphate urea fodder, green, loosely stacked grain whole ( 14 % moisture content unless indicated otherwise) general barley brewer´s grain (wet) herbage seeds maize in bulk maize in bags oats oilseed rape rye wheat in bulk wheat in bags grass cubes hay (baled) (rolled bales) hides and skins hops malt meal ground cubes peat dry, loose, shaken down dry, compressed in bales wet silage straw in bulk (dry) baled tobacco in bales wool in bulk baled NOTE See Section 38 Density [kN/m3] Angle of repose [°] 7,8 9,3 6,9 10,8 45 45 - 8,0 to 12,0 13,7 10,0 to 16,0 12,0 to 16,0 7,0 to 8,0 3,5 to 4,5 25 35 30 28 24 - 7,8 7,0 8,8 3,4 7,4 5,0 5,0 6,4 7,0 7,8 7,5 7,8 30 30 30 30 30 25 30 30 40 1,0 to 3,0 6,0 to 7,0 8,0 to 9,0 1,0 to 2,0 4,0 to 6,0 25 20 7,0 7,0 45 40 1,0 5,0 9,5 5,0 to 10,0 0,7 1,5 3,5 to 5,0 35 - 3,0 7,0 to 13,0 - EN 1991-1-1:2002 (E) Licensed Copy: na na, University of Northumbria (JISC), Mon Oct 16 03:42:00 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Table A.9 - Stored products - foodstuffs Products eggs, in stands flour bulk bagged fruit apples - loose - boxed cherries pears raspberries, in trays strawberries, in trays tomatoes sugar loose, piled dense and bagged vegetables, green cabbages lettuce vegetables, legumes beans - general - soya peas vegetables, root general beetroot carrots onions turnips potatoes in bulk in boxes sugarbeet, dried and chopped raw wet shreds Density [kN/m3] 4,0 to 5,0 Angle of repose [°] - 6,0 5,0 25 - 8,3 6,5 7,8 5,9 2,0 1,2 6,8 30 - 7,5 to 10,0 16,0 35 4,0 5,0 - 8,1 7,4 7,8 35 30 - 8,8 7,4 7,8 7 40 35 35 35 7,6 4,4 35 - 2,9 7,6 10,0 35 - NOTE See Section 39 EN 1991-1-1:2002 (E) Table A.10 - Stored products - liquids Licensed Copy: na na, University of Northumbria (JISC), Mon Oct 16 03:42:00 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Products Density [kN/m3] beverages beer milk water, fresh wine 10,0 10,0 10,0 10,0 natural oils castor oil glycerol (glycerine) linseed oil olive oil 9,3 12,3 9,2 8,8 organic liquids and acids alcohol ether hydrochloric acid (40 % by weight) methylated spirit nitric acid (91 % by weight) sulphuric acid (30 % by weight) sulphuric acid (87 % by weight) turpentine, white spirit 7,8 7,4 11,8 7,8 14,7 13,7 17,7 8,3 hydrocarbons aniline benzene (benzol) coal tar creosote naphtha paraffin (kerosene) benzine (benzoline) oil, crude (petroleum) diesel fuel heavy lubricating petrol (gasolene, gasoline) liquid gas butane propane other liquids mercury red lead paint white lead, in oil sludge, over 50 % by volume water NOTE See Section 40 9,8 8,8 10,8 to 12,8 10,8 7,8 8,3 6,9 9,8 to 12,8 8,3 7,8 to 9,8 12,3 8,8 7,4 5,7 5,0 133 59 38 10,8 EN 1991-1-1:2002 (E) Licensed Copy: na na, University of Northumbria (JISC), Mon Oct 16 03:42:00 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Table A.11 - Stored products - solid fuels Products Density [kN/m3] Angle of repose [°] 15 - 13 8,3 10 12 4,0 to 6,5 12,3 13,7 8,3 35 30 35 25 35 to 45 35 35 30 to 35 firewood 5,4 45 lignite/brown coal briquettes, tipped briquettes, stacked damp dry dust low-temperature coke 7,8 12,8 9,8 7,8 4,9 9,8 30 30 to 40 35 25 to 40 40 peat black, dried, firmly packed black, dried, loosely tipped to to 45 charcoal air-filled air-free coal block briquettes, tipped block briquettes, stacked egg briquettes coal, raw from pit coal in washing pools coal dust coke middlings in the quarry waste washing tips in colliery all other kinds of coal NOTE See Section 41 EN 1991-1-1:2002 (E) Licensed Copy: na na, University of Northumbria (JISC), Mon Oct 16 03:42:00 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Table A.12 - Stored products - industrial and general Products books and documents books and documents, densely stored filing racks and cabinets garments and rags, bundled ice, lumps leather, piled paper in rolls piled rubber rock salt salt sawdust dry, bagged dry, loose wet, loose tar, bitumen NOTE See Section 42 Density [kN/m3] Angle of repose [°] 6,0 8,5 6,0 11,0 8,5 10,0 - 15,0 11,0 - 10,0 to 17,0 22,0 12,0 45 40 3,0 2,5 5,0 14,0 45 45 - Licensed Copy: na na, University of Northumbria (JISC), Mon Oct 16 03:42:00 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 1991-1-1:2002 (E) ANNEX B (informative) Vehicle barriers and parapets for car parks B(1) Barriers and parapets in car parking areas should be designed to resist the horizontal loads given in B(2) B(2) The horizontal characteristic force F (in kN), normal to and uniformly distributed over any length of 1,5 m of a barrier for a car park, required to withstand the impact of a vehicle is given by: F = 0,5mv2 / ( c + b) Where : m is the gross mass of the vehicle in (kg) v is the velocity of the vehicle (in m/s) normal to the barrier c is the deformations of the vehicle (in mm) b is the deformations of the barrier (in mm) B(3) Where the car park has been designed on the basis that the gross mass of the vehicles using it will not exceed 2500 kg the following values are used to determine the force F: m = 1500 kg v = 4,5 m/s c = 100 mm unless better evidence is available For a rigid barrier, for which b may be given as zero, the characteristic force F appropriate to vehicles up to 2500 kg gross mass is taken as 150 kN B(4) Where the car park has been designed for vehicles whose gross mass exceeds 2500 kg the following values are used to determine the characteristic force F m v c = = = the actual mass of the vehicle for which the car park is designed (in kg) 4,5 m/s 100 mm unless better evidence is available B(5) The force determined as in B (3) or B (4) may be considered to act at bumper height In the case of car parks intended for vehicles whose gross mass does not exceed 2500 kg this height may be taken as 375 mm above the floor level B(6) Barriers to access ramps of car parks have to withstand one half of the force determined in B (3) or B (4) acting at a height of 610 mm above the ramp B(7) Opposite the ends of straight ramps intended for downward travel which exceed 20 m in length the barrier has to withstand twice the force determined in B (3) acting at a height of 610 mm above the ramp 43 EN 1991-1-1:2002 (E) Licensed Copy: na na, University of Northumbria (JISC), Mon Oct 16 03:42:00 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Bibliography ISO 2394 General principles on reliability for structures ISO 3898 Basis of design of structures - Notations General symbols ISO 8930 General principles on reliability for structures List of equivalent terms 44 blank Licensed Copy: na na, University of Northumbria (JISC), Mon Oct 16 03:42:00 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Licensed Copy: na na, University of Northumbria (JISC), Mon Oct 16 03:42:00 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI BS EN 1991-1-1:2002 BSI — British Standards Institution BSI is the independent national body responsible for preparing British Standards It presents the UK view on standards in Europe and at the international level It is incorporated by Royal Charter Revisions British Standards are updated by amendment or revision Users of British Standards should make sure that they possess the latest amendments or editions It is the constant aim of BSI to improve the quality of our products and services We would be grateful if anyone finding an inaccuracy or ambiguity while using this British Standard would inform the Secretary of the technical committee responsible, the identity of which can be found on the inside front cover Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9000 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7400 BSI offers members an individual updating service called PLUS which ensures that subscribers automatically receive the latest editions of standards Buying standards Orders for all BSI, international and foreign standards publications should be addressed to Customer Services Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 9001 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001 Email: orders@bsi-global.com Standards are also available from the BSI website at http://www.bsi-global.com In response to orders for international standards, it is BSI policy to supply the BSI implementation of those that have been published as British Standards, unless otherwise requested Information on standards BSI provides a wide range of information on national, European and international standards through its Library and its Technical Help to Exporters Service Various BSI electronic information services are also available which give details on all its products and services Contact the Information Centre Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7111 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7048 Email: info@bsi-global.com Subscribing members of BSI are kept up to date with standards developments and receive substantial discounts on the purchase price of standards For details of these and other benefits contact Membership Administration Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7002 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7001 Email: membership@bsi-global.com Information regarding online access to British Standards via British Standards Online can be found at http://www.bsi-global.com/bsonline Further information about BSI is available on the BSI website at http://www.bsi-global.com Copyright Copyright subsists in all BSI publications BSI also holds the copyright, in the UK, of the publications of the international standardization bodies Except as permitted under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 no extract may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means – electronic, photocopying, recording or otherwise – without prior written permission from BSI BSI 389 Chiswick High Road London W4 4AL This does not preclude the free use, in the course of implementing the standard, of necessary details such as symbols, and size, type or grade designations If these details are to be used for any other purpose than implementation then the prior written permission of BSI must be obtained Details and advice can be obtained from the Copyright & Licensing Manager Tel: +44 (0)20 8996 7070 Fax: +44 (0)20 8996 7553 Email: copyright@bsi-global.com [...].. .EN 19 91- 1 -1: 2 002 (E) Licensed Copy: na na, University of Northumbria (JISC), Mon Oct 16 03:42:00 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI EN 19 91- 1- 1 is intended for clients, designers, contractors and public authorities EN 19 91- 1- 1 is intended to be used with EN 19 90, the other Parts of EN 19 91 and EN 19 92 to EN 19 99 for the design of structures National annex for EN 19 91- 1- 1 This standard... 5.2.3 (1) to 5.2.3(5), 6.3 .1. 1 (Table 6 .1) , 6.3 .1. 2 (1) P (Table 6.2), 6.3 .1. 2 (10 ) & (11 ), 6.3.2.2 (1) P (Table 6.4), 6.3.2.2 (3), 6.3.3.2 (1) (Table 6.8), 6.3.4.2 (Table 6 .10 ) and 6.4 (1) (P) (Table 6 .12 ) 7 EN 19 91- 1 -1: 2 002 (E) Licensed Copy: na na, University of Northumbria (JISC), Mon Oct 16 03:42:00 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Section 1 General 1. 1 Scope (1) EN 19 91- 1- 1 gives design guidance and actions... Eurocode 1: Actions on structures: Part 3: Actions induced by cranes and machinery Eurocode 1: Actions on structures: Part 4: Actions in silos and tanks NOTE 2 The Eurocodes were published as European Prestandards The following European Standards which are published or in preparation are cited in NOTES to normative clauses : EN 19 91- 1- 3 EN 19 91- 1- 4 EN 19 91- 1- 6 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures: Part 1- 3:... NOTE 1 The Eurocodes were published as European Prestandards The following European Standards which are published or in preparation are cited in normative clauses : EN 19 90 EN 19 91- 1- 7 EN 19 91- 2 EN 19 91- 3 EN 19 91- 4 Eurocode : Basis of Structural Design Eurocode 1: Actions on structures: Part 1- 7: Accidental actions from impact and explosions Eurocode 1: Actions on structures: Part 2:Traffic loads on. .. class LC 1, 2 density class LC 1, 4 density class LC 1, 6 density class LC 1, 8 density class LC 2,0 normal weight heavy weight mortar cement mortar gypsum mortar lime-cement mortar lime mortar 1) Density [kN/m3] 9,0 to 10 ,0 1) 2) 10 ,0 to 12 ,0 1) 2) 12 ,0 to 14 ,0 1) 2) 14 ,0 to 16 ,0 1) 2) 16 ,0 to 18 ,0 1) 2) 18 ,0 to 20,0 1) 2) 24, 01) 2) >1) 2) 19 ,0 to 23,0 12 ,0 to 18 ,0 18 ,0 to 20,0 12 ,0 to 18 ,0 Increase by 1kN/m3... Snow loads Eurocode 1: Actions on structures: Part 1- 4: Wind actions Eurocode 1: Actions on structures: Part 1- 6: Actions during execution 1. 3 Distinction between Principles and Application Rules (1) Depending on the character of the individual clauses, distinction is made in this Part between Principles and Application Rules (2) The Principles comprise: - general statements and definitions for which there... reduction factor reduction factor bulk weight density dynamic magnification factor factor for combination value of a variable action, see table A .1. 1 of EN 19 90 angle of repose (degrees) 11 EN 19 91- 1 -1: 2 002 (E) Licensed Copy: na na, University of Northumbria (JISC), Mon Oct 16 03:42:00 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Section 2 Classification of actions 2 .1 Self-weight (1) The self-weight of construction... specified in EN 19 91- 1- 7 and EN 19 91- 2 (7) For the design situations and effects of actions in silos and tanks caused by water or other materials see EN 19 91- 3 8 EN 19 91- 1 -1: 2 002 (E) Licensed Copy: na na, University of Northumbria (JISC), Mon Oct 16 03:42:00 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI 1. 2 Normative References This European Standard incorporates by dated or undated reference provisions from other... may be used 16 EN 19 91- 1 -1: 2 002 (E) Licensed Copy: na na, University of Northumbria (JISC), Mon Oct 16 03:42:00 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI Section 5 Self-weight of construction works 5 .1 Representation of actions (1) The self-weight of the construction works should in most cases, be represented by a single characteristic value and be calculated on the basis of the nominal dimensions and the... Rule, the resulting design cannot be claimed to be wholly in accordance with EN 19 91- 1- 1 although the design will remain in accordance with 9 EN 19 91- 1 -1: 2 002 (E) Licensed Copy: na na, University of Northumbria (JISC), Mon Oct 16 03:42:00 BST 2006, Uncontrolled Copy, (c) BSI the Principles of EN 19 91- 1- 1 When EN 19 91- 1- 1 is used in respect of a property listed in an Annex Z of a product standard or an