Selecting pet food PPT

Selecting Pet Food Small Animal Management 130.4(c)4D Today We Will… • Identify pet food regulatory agencies • Define nutritional significance of statements • Compare and contrast quality of different brands of food • Select appropriate food based on canines nutritional needs Which cereal is better for you? Regulation • The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) – The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) requires animal food be • safe to eat • produced under sanitary conditions • contain no harmful substances • be truthfully labeled – The Fair Packaging and Labeling Act: • proper identification of the product • net quantity statement • name and place of business of the manufacturer or distributor • proper listing of all the ingredients by weight – No food can be labeled “Veterinarian Approved” Regulation • The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) – Voluntary inspection of canned foods • Specify amount of meat, minimum nutrition requirements, and label specifications – Items inspected may receive a seal on their label from the USDA – Not widely used Regulation • The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) – Prevent misleading advertising – Pet food manufacturers must conform to the FTC's general truth in advertising standards Regulation • Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) – Non-governmental, provides guidelines for state regulation – Creates requirements for pet food labels AAFCO Required Label Items • Brand and Product Name • Name of Species food is intended for • Quality Statement – Net weight/volume • Guaranteed Analysis – Percentage of each of the nutrients in the food AAFCO Required Label Items • Ingredient Statement – Ingredients must be listed by weight on ‘As Fed’ basis – Ingredient that makes up the highest percentage is listed first • Nutritional Adequacy Statement – Indicates the food is complete and balanced for a particular life stage or – For intermittent or supplemental feeding only • Feeding Directions • Name and address of manufacturer or distributor AAFCO Product Name Rules • 95% Rule- If an ingredient is used in the title, then 95% of that feed must consist of that product – Example: • “Beef for Dogs”- the product must contain at least 95% Beef • “Tuna for Cats” – Must be first ingredient listed AAFCO Product Name Rules • 25% Rule- If an ingredient has a descriptor before or after it, then the product must contain at least 25% of that ingredient – Example: • “Beef Dinner for Dogs” • “Chicken Nuggets for Cats” – If multiple ingredients are listed they must total at least 25% of the product • No item listed can equal less than 3% • Ingredients should be listed in title in order of the percentage • Example: – “Beef and Chicken Dinner for Dogs” AAFCO Product Name Rules • 3% Rule- when a product is labeled “with” an ingredient, that ingredient must compromise at least 3% of that product – Example: • “Dog Food with Beef” • “Cat Food with Tuna” AAFCO Product Name Rules • Flavor Rule- ingredient must be detectable within product if it is followed by the descriptor “flavor” – Example: • “Dog Food with Beef Flavor” • “Tuna Flavor Cat Food” Ingredient Definitions • Meat (Beef, Chicken, etc.): – Meat is the clean flesh of slaughtered animals • Meat By-products (Beef by-product): – Meat by-products are clean non-rendered parts (liver, lungs, kidney) of slaughtered animals • Meat Meal (Beef Meal): – Tissues, exclusive of blood, hair, hoof, horn, hide trimmings, manure, stomach and rumen contents that are cooked (rendered) – Higher quality “meal” will be species specific • “Chicken Meal” is a better protein than “Animal Meal” • Meat By-product Meal (Beef by-product meal): – By-products (defined above) that are cooked (rendered) – Lowest quality protein Evaluating Protein Content • Protein is one of the most important factors in selecting pet food • Crude Protein on Guaranteed Analysis can be misleading especially when comparing canned and dry food • Protein can be calculated on a dry matter basis to determine value Dry Matter Basis Dry Matter: 100-10=90% • Divide the crude protein by dry matter content (100-moisture content) Canned • Dry- (33/90)x100= 36.67% • Canned- (12/24)= 50% – The canned has more protein Dry Dry Matter: 100-76=24% Canned vs Dry • Canned + Source of water • Cats often not drink as much water as they should + More palatable • Picky eaters tend to favor wet foods + Easier to eat • Seniors and small dogs sometimes have trouble chewing kibble – Cannot be left out • Will grow bacteria if left out for an extended period • Short shelf life once opened – Must be refrigerated – Expensive • Dry + Convenience • Easy to safely store and feed large quantities at a time + Price • Can be half of the cost of feeding canned + Reduce plaque • Helps reduce dental diseases – Less flavor – Difficult to chew for some pets – Low moisture content Minimum Nutritional Requirements Dogs • Growth and Reproduction (Puppies, pregnant or nursing females) – Crude Protein: 22% • Recommended Crude Protein: 28% – Crude Fat: 8% • Recommended Crude Fat: 17% • Adult and Senior – Crude Protein: 18% • Recommended Crude Protein: 18% – Crude Fat: 5% • Recommended Crude Fat: 9-15% *Protein requirements increase with activity level (i.e performance/working dogs) Cats • Growth and Reproduction (Kittens, pregnant or nursing females) – Crude Protein: 30% • Recommended Crude Protein: 30% – Crude Fat: 9% • Recommended Crude Fat: 20% • Adult and Senior – Crude Protein: 26% • Recommended Crude Protein: 22-30% – Crude Fat: 9% • Recommended Crude Fat: 15-20% Selecting a Food • Identify the first five ingredients – Look for meat as the first ingredient – Avoid low quality carbohydrates • Anything anonymous: grain by-products, middling, starch, gluten • Look for the nutritional adequacy statement – “Complete and balanced” – Select a food appropriate to your pet’s life stage • “Maintenance Ration”, “Puppy”, “Senior” • Ignore terms like “premium”, “gourmet”, and “natural” – These terms are not regulated and have no meaning in regards to quality • Avoid artificial colorings – High quality kibble will generally have a uniform shape and brown color Feeding your Pet • Follow the directions given on the bag – cup of brand A is not always equivalent to cup of brand B – Higher quality foods will generally require the pet be fed less than a lower quality product • Switch feeds gradually – Start by feeding part new food to parts of the old food and gradually transition the animal to the new food over the course of 1-2 weeks – Watch for diarrhea or gas • Caused by switching feed to quickly or an intolerance to the feed itself • Give constant access to fresh water • Pick up wet food if not consumed within 30 minutes References • http://www.petfood.aafco.org/LabelingLabel ingRequirements.aspx • http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c =21+1276&aid=668 • http://www.petmd.com/dog/nutrition/evr_pe t_food_for_your_pets_sake?page=2 • http://www.dogfoodadvisor.com/choosing-do g-food/about-meat-meal/ • http://slimdoggy.com/are-carbs-good-or-bad- [...]... Give constant access to fresh water • Pick up wet food if not consumed within 30 minutes References • http://www.petfood.aafco.org/LabelingLabel ingRequirements.aspx • http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c =21+1276&aid=668 • http://www.petmd.com/dog/nutrition/evr_pe t _food_ for_your_pets_sake?page=2 • http://www.dogfoodadvisor.com/choosing-do g -food/ about-meat-meal/ • http://slimdoggy.com/are-carbs-good-or-bad-... shape and brown color Feeding your Pet • Follow the directions given on the bag – 1 cup of brand A is not always equivalent to 1 cup of brand B – Higher quality foods will generally require the pet be fed less than a lower quality product • Switch feeds gradually – Start by feeding 1 part new food to 3 parts of the old food and gradually transition the animal to the new food over the course of 1-2 weeks... 22-30% – Crude Fat: 9% • Recommended Crude Fat: 15-20% Selecting a Food • Identify the first five ingredients – Look for meat as the first ingredient – Avoid low quality carbohydrates • Anything anonymous: grain by-products, middling, starch, gluten • Look for the nutritional adequacy statement – “Complete and balanced” – Select a food appropriate to your pet s life stage • “Maintenance Ration”, “Puppy”,... ingredient, that ingredient must compromise at least 3% of that product – Example: • “Dog Food with Beef” • “Cat Food with Tuna” AAFCO Product Name Rules • Flavor Rule- ingredient must be detectable within product if it is followed by the descriptor “flavor” – Example: • “Dog Food with Beef Flavor” • “Tuna Flavor Cat Food Ingredient Definitions • Meat (Beef, Chicken, etc.): – Meat is the clean flesh of... (defined above) that are cooked (rendered) – Lowest quality protein Evaluating Protein Content • Protein is one of the most important factors in selecting pet food • Crude Protein on Guaranteed Analysis can be misleading especially when comparing canned and dry food • Protein can be calculated on a dry matter basis to determine value Dry Matter Basis Dry Matter: 100-10=90% • Divide the crude protein by... • Easy to safely store and feed large quantities at a time + Price • Can be half of the cost of feeding canned + Reduce plaque • Helps reduce dental diseases – Less flavor – Difficult to chew for some pets – Low moisture content Minimum Nutritional Requirements Dogs • Growth and Reproduction (Puppies, pregnant or nursing females) – Crude Protein: 22% • Recommended Crude Protein: 28% – Crude Fat: 8%... The canned has more protein Dry Dry Matter: 100-76=24% Canned vs Dry • Canned + Source of water • Cats often do not drink as much water as they should + More palatable • Picky eaters tend to favor wet foods + Easier to eat • Seniors and small dogs sometimes have trouble chewing kibble – Cannot be left out • Will grow bacteria if left out for an extended period • Short shelf life once opened – Must be ... food if not consumed within 30 minutes References • http://www.petfood.aafco.org/LabelingLabel ingRequirements.aspx • http://www.peteducation.com/article.cfm?c =21+1276&aid=668 • http://www.petmd.com/dog/nutrition/evr_pe... one of the most important factors in selecting pet food • Crude Protein on Guaranteed Analysis can be misleading especially when comparing canned and dry food • Protein can be calculated on a... Will… • Identify pet food regulatory agencies • Define nutritional significance of statements • Compare and contrast quality of different brands of food • Select appropriate food based on canines