Slaughterhouses and Waste Systems in DC

Animal Welfare Findings from: Global Reconnaissance of Municipal Live Markets, Slaughterhouses and Waste Systems in Developing Countries World Bank Study (Japanese Trust Funded) Conducted in: EAP, SAR, AFR, LAC and MENA Study by Consultants: Nippon Koei Co ProAnd Associates Australia World Bank Study Manager: Sandra Cointreau The World Bank Group: • IDA and IBRD lending to countries, IFC lending to companies, and IMF monetary support • Over 10,000 staff, over 100 regional offices • Lending portfolio over 30 BB $/yr • IFC animal welfare note • Bank-wide environmental health safeguards guidelines include animal welfare • While animal welfare is included for impact minimization and mitigation, animal welfare is yet not targeted for project investment CURRENT CONTEXT: • The world’s human population is densifying As of this year, there are more people in cities than in rural areas • Livestock populations are also densifying…into intensive industrialized facilities • In developing countries, intensive livestock producers are locating near cities for the access to markets and infrastructure • Municipalities are being increasingly burdened by the need to provide livestock processing infrastructure to meet the growing local demand for meat • Most of developing country production is for local demand, and affordability limits the revenue base for livestock processing Growth in Human and Animal Populations, and available GNP income base: 2000 -> 2030 • High Income Countries ($34,500/cap/yr) – People 1.2 BB -> 1.3 BB – Cattle, Pigs, Sheep, Goats 4.0 BB -> 5.2 BB – Poultry 15.0 BB -> 24.8 BB • Low and Middle Income ($583 and $2,833/cap/yr) – People 4.9 BB -> 7.1 BB – Cattle, Pigs, Sheep, Goats 3.0 BB -> 4.2 BB – Poultry 11.0 BB -> 19.2 BB STUDY OBJECTIVES: • Gather data on livestock markets, municipal slaughter facilities (abattoirs), meat processing, and related systems of waste management • Examine the prevalence, handling, treatment, disposal, and recycling of wastes • Identify and report on the problems and needs of the facilities • Collect and examine available data on related biosecurity and food safety issues GENERAL FINDINGS (1): • Municipal slaughterhouses are commonly old and operating significantly over their intended capacity • The private sector owns modern and sanitary facilities, but they operate only for high-end markets • The unregulated informal slaughter sector is extensive • Local incomes limit meat prices and this limits municipal cost recovery from slaughterers • Regulatory framework and enforcement is poor • Religious and cultural traditions have a significant impact on operations • Meat from freshly killed livestock is preferred, requiring night and early morning slaughtering conditions GENERAL FINDINGS (2): • Unsanitary working conditions and limited clean hot water • No orderly conveyance • Dark and slippery working conditions • Surface materials porous and hard to clean • Animal welfare is poor • Child labor is extensive and exacerbates animal suffering • Occupational health and safety is poor • Municipal management and capacity is poor • Veterinary inspection is inadequate • Most fifth quarter is recycled extensively, commonly by informal sector recyclers • Blood, stomach contents and excreta are discharged to waterways, or sent to municipal open dumps SUMMARY OF ANIMAL WELFARE FINDINGS: • All fundamental pillars of good animal welfare (the five freedoms) were widely abused Freedom - Hunger and Thirst Freedom - Pain, Injury and Disease Freedom - Physical and Thermal Discomfort Freedom - Fear and Distress Freedom - Abnormal Behaviour • Absence of any official animal welfare control mechanism • Lack of awareness of animal welfare standards or measures • Lack of awareness of need to improve animal welfare STUDY OBSERVATIONS IN NEXT SLIDES: • Transportation • Live Markets • Slaughterhouses • Waste Disposal Sites TRANSPORTATION (1): • Unsuitable vehicles • Long journeys and poor road conditions • Overcrowding • Dehydration • Poor driving skills TRANSPORTATION (2): Unloading: • Unloading facilities are often poor: - Injuries to both animals and humans • Vehicular crowding TRANSPORTATION (3): Cramped conditions during transportation and little water or shade available, if any LIVESTOCK MARKETS (1): • Crowded, noisey, dirty • Mixed species, mixed exposure to diseases • Unsold animals return home, creating disease exposure linkages LIVESTOCK MARKETS (2): Goats trussed at a market without shade or water and amongst debris and garbage Assisting a weak animal to its feet LIVESTOCK MARKETS (3): Sticks used extensively by herders to keep the animals under control, for cattle in particular, resulting in pain, stress, and bruising Livestock trussed all day at market - poultry often carried upside down to and from market SLAUGHTERHOUSES (1): • Poor delivery conditions • No sheltered place to wait or be refreshed with water or food • No orderly conveyance to slaughter • Animals toppled, beaten, and prodded • Pregnant animals accepted for slaughter SLAUGHTERHOUSES (2): • Slippery surfaces • Killing and other operations done on floor • Dark operating conditions inside • No separation of clean and dirty areas SLAUGHTERHOUSES (3): •Slaughter and processing areas overcrowded •Noisy, stressful operations •Children often present to assist SLAUGHTERHOUSES (4): Animals waiting amidst the slaughter operations Some left overnight for next day slaughter SLAUGHTERHOUSES (4): Stunning generally not practiced (all species) – unsuitable techniques e.g spinal section WASTE DISPOSAL: Discharge of wastes to open channels and municipal open dumps affects welfare of wildlife and domestic animals Recommendations: • • • • • Regulatory reform Best practice guidelines Stakeholder consultation and awareness Slaughterer and veterinary capacity development Investment in public live markets and slaughterhouses • • • • Municipal management capacity development Improve private sector investment climate Interagency program of analytical work Recognize that food safety, animal welfare, livestock disease control, and food security are public goods • Develop inter-governmental economic instruments to support municipal improvement Ongoing at Bank: • Country projects to improve environmental sustainability at production facilities, improve live markets, improve slaughter waste discharges, control HPAI, and reduce livestock green house gas emissions • Developing a guidance document on reconstruction and refurbishment of live markets and slaughterhouses • Supporting the One World One Health concept • Developing an alliance for humane and sustainable livestock production and processing among our agency and NGO partners • Developing a partnership of private sector food retailers, associations and producers A New Humane Humanity for the New Age To obtain information on these studies, or discuss partnering, contact: Sandra Cointreau, Waste Management Advisor, Urban Anchor of World Bank scointreau@worldbank.org mobile: 1-860-488-5910 http://worldbank.org/solidwaste ... (abattoirs), meat processing, and related systems of waste management • Examine the prevalence, handling, treatment, disposal, and recycling of wastes • Identify and report on the problems and needs of the... densifying As of this year, there are more people in cities than in rural areas • Livestock populations are also densifying…into intensive industrialized facilities • In developing countries, intensive... locating near cities for the access to markets and infrastructure • Municipalities are being increasingly burdened by the need to provide livestock processing infrastructure to meet the growing