Bloom’s Modern Critical Interpretations The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn The Age of Innocence Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland All Quiet on the Western Front As You Like It The Ballad of the Sad Café Beowulf Black Boy The Bluest Eye The Canterbury Tales Cat on a Hot Tin Roof The Catcher in the Rye Catch-22 The Chronicles of Narnia The Color Purple Crime and Punishment The Crucible Darkness at Noon Death of a Salesman The Death of Artemio Cruz Don Quixote Emerson’s Essays Emma Fahrenheit 451 A Farewell to Arms Frankenstein MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd The Grapes of Wrath Great Expectations The Great Gatsby Gulliver’s Travels The Handmaid’s Tale Heart of Darkness I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings The Iliad Jane Eyre The Joy Luck Club The Jungle Lord of the Flies The Lord of the Rings Love in the Time of Cholera The Man Without Qualities The Metamorphosis Miss Lonelyhearts Moby-Dick My Ántonia Native Son Night 1984 The Odyssey Oedipus Rex The Old Man and the Sea On the Road One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest One Hundred Years of Solitude Persuasion Portnoy’s Complaint A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man Pride and Prejudice Ragtime The Red Badge of Courage The Rime of the Ancient Mariner The Rubáiyát of Omar Khayyám The Scarlet Letter Silas Marner Song of Solomon The Sound and the Fury The Stranger A Streetcar Named Desire Sula The Tale of Genji A Tale of Two Cities The Tempest Their Eyes Were Watching God Things Fall Apart To Kill a Mockingbird Ulysses Waiting for Godot The Waste Land White Noise Wuthering Heights Young Goodman Brown 12/30/08 3:33:14 PM MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 12/30/08 3:33:14 PM Bloom’s Modern Critical Interpretations J D Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye New Edition Edited and with an introduction by Harold Bloom Sterling Professor of the Humanities Yale University MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 12/30/08 3:33:15 PM Editorial Consultant, John Unrue Bloom’s Modern Critical Interpretations: J D Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye—New Edition Copyright ©2009 by Infobase Publishing Introduction ©2009 by Harold Bloom All rights reserved No part of this publication may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher For more information contact: Bloom’s Literary Criticism An imprint of Infobase Publishing 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data J.D Salinger’s The catcher in the rye / edited and with an introduction by Harold Bloom.—New ed p cm.—(Bloom’s modern critical interpretations) Includes bibliographical references and index ISBN 978-1-60413-183-3 (alk paper) Salinger, J D (Jerome David), 1919– Catcher in the Rye Caulfield, Holden (Fictitious character) Runaway teenagers in literature Teenage boys in literature I Bloom, Harold PS3537.A426C3292 2009 813’.54—dc22 2008045784 Bloom’s Literary Criticism books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quantities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755 You can find Bloom’s Literary Criticism on the World Wide Web at http://www.chelseahouse.com Cover design by Ben Peterson Printed in the United States of America Bang BCL 10 This book is printed on acid-free paper All links and Web addresses were checked and verified to be correct at the time of publication Because of the dynamic nature of the Web, some addresses and links may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 12/30/08 3:33:15 PM Contents Editor’s Note vii Introduction Harold Bloom Rhetoric, Sanity, and the Cold War: The Significance of Holden Caulfield’s Testimony Alan Nadel “The World Was All Before Them”: Coming of Age in Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s Weep Not, Child and J D Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye 21 Sandra W Lott and Steven Latham Go West, My Son Sanford Pinsker 37 Hyakujo’s Geese, Amban’s Doughnuts and Rilke’s Carrousel: Sources East and West for Salinger’s Catcher 45 Dennis McCort Cherished and Cursed: Toward a Social History of The Catcher in the Rye 63 Stephen J Whitfield The Catcher in the Rye as Postwar American Fable Pamela Hunt Steinle MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 89 12/30/08 3:33:15 PM vi Contents Holden Caulfield’s Legacy David Castronovo 105 The Boy That Had Created the Disturbance: Reflections on Minor Characters in Life and The Catcher in the Rye 115 John McNally Holden Caulfield: A Love Story Jane Mendelsohn 123 Catcher in the Corn: J D Salinger and Shoeless Joe Dennis Cutchins Mentor Mori; or, Sibling Society and the Catcher in the Bly Robert Miltner 151 Memories of Holden Caulfield—and of Miss Greenwood Carl Freedman The Zen Archery of Holden Caulfield Yasuhiro Takeuchi Chronology 195 Bibliography 199 Acknowledgments MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 167 183 191 Contributors Index 131 205 207 12/30/08 3:33:15 PM Editor’s Note My Introduction raises—but declines to answer—the question of any lasting aesthetic value of The Catcher in the Rye The baker’s dozen of essays tend to merge in an appreciation of Salinger’s narrative I would choose Sanford Pinsker, David Castronovo, Jane Mendelsohn, and Carl Freedman as making their critical responses more agile than are most reactions to Salinger vii MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 12/30/08 3:33:15 PM MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 12/30/08 3:33:15 PM H arold B loom Introduction j d s a l inger (1919 – ) I I t is more than a half-a-century since the publication of The Catcher in the Rye (1951), and the short novel has gone through hundreds of printings Authentic popular fiction of authentic literary distinction is rather rare Does The Catcher in the Rye promise to be of permanent eminence, or will it eventually be seen as an idealistic period-piece, which I think will be the fate of Harper Lee’s To Kill a Mockingbird and Toni Morrison’s Beloved, works as popular as Catcher continues to be The literary ancestors of Holden Caulfield rather clearly include Huck Finn and Jay Gatsby, dangerous influences upon Salinger’s novel The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn remains Mark Twain’s masterwork, central to Faulkner, Hemingway, Scott Fitzgerald, and the other significant novelists of their generation The Great Gatsby endures as Fitzgerald’s classic achievement, capable of many rereadings Rereading The Catcher of the Rye seems to me an aesthetically mixed experience—sometimes poignant, sometimes mawkish or even cloying Holden’s idiom, once established, is self-consistent, but fairly limited in its range and possibilities, perhaps too limited to sustain more than a short story And yet Holden retains his pathos, even upon several rereadings Manhattan has been a descent into Hell for many American writers, most notably in “The Tunnel” section in Hart Crane’s visionary epic The Bridge It becomes Holden’s Hell mostly because of Holden himself, who is masochistic, ambivalent towards women, and acutely ambivalent in regard to his father Holden’s psychic health, already precarious, barely can sustain the stresses of MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 12/30/08 3:33:16 PM 202 Bibliography Peavy, Charles D “‘Did You Ever Have a Sister?’ Holden, Quentin, and Sexual Innocence.” Florida Quarterly, (1968): 82–95 Pinsker, Sanford The Catcher in the Rye: Innocence under Pressure New York: Twayne, 1993 Rachels, David “Holden Caulfield: A Hero for All the Ages.” Chronicle of Higher Education, 47:29 (2001 Mar 30), p B5 Rogers, Lydia “The Psychoanalyst and the Fetishist: Wilhelm Stekel and Mr Antolini in The Catcher in the Rye.” Notes on Contemporary Literature, 32:4 (2002 Sept), pp 2–3 Rosen, Gerald “A Retrospective Look at The Catcher in the Rye.” American Quarterly, 29 (1977): 547–562 ——— Zen in the Art of J D Salinger Berkeley: Creative Art Books Co., 1977 Salzberg, Joel, ed Critical Essays on Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye Boston: Hall, 1990 Salzman, Jack, ed New Essays on The Catcher in the Rye New York: Cambridge University Press, 1991 Schriber, Mary Suzanne “Holden Caulfield, C’est Moi.” In Critical Essays on Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye Ed Joel Salzberg Boston: Hall, 1990 Simonson, Harold P., and Phillip E Hager, eds Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye: Clamor v Criticism Lexington, MA: C C Heath, 1963 Smith, Harrison Review of The Catcher in the Rye “Manhattan Ulysses, Junior.” Saturday Review, 14:28 (14 July 1951): 12–13 Stashower, Daniel M “On First Looking into Chapman’s Holden: Speculations on a Murder.” American Scholar, 52 (1982–1983): 373–377 Steinle, Pamela Hunt In Cold Fear: The Catcher in the Rye: Censorship Controversies and Postwar American Character Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2000 Strauch, Carl F “Kings in the Back Row: Meaning through Structure—A Reading of Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye.” Wisconsin Studies in Contemporary Literature, (Winter 1961): 5–30 Sublette, Jack R J D Salinger: An Annotated Bibliography 1938–1981 New York: Garland, 1984 Svogun, Margaret Dumais “Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye.” Explicator, 61:2 (2003 Winter), pp 110–112 Takeuchi, Yasuhiro “Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye.” Explicator, 60:3 (2002 Spring), pp 164–166 Takeuchi “The Burning Carousel and the Carnivalesque: Subversion and Transcendence at the Close of The Catcher in the Rye.” Studies in the Novel, 34:3 (2002 Fall), pp 320–336 MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 202 12/30/08 3:33:54 PM Bibliography 203 Takeuchi “The Zen Archery of Holden Caulfield.” English Language Notes, 42:1 (2004 Sept) pp 55–63 Vail, Dennis “Holden and Psychoanalysis.” PLMA, 91 (1976): 120-121 Vanderbilt, Kermit “Symbolic Resolution in The Catcher in the Rye: The Cap, the Carrousel, and the American West.” Western Humanities Review, 17 (1963): 271–277 Wells, Arvin R “Huck Finn and Holden Caulfield: The Situation of the Hero.” Ohio University Review, (1960): 31–42 Wenke, John J D Salinger: A Study of the Short Fiction Boston: Twayne, 1991 Wiegand, William “The Knighthood of J D Salinger.” The New Republic, 141 (19 October 1959): 19–21 Wisconsin Studies in Contemporary Literature, 4:1 (Winter 1963) Special Salinger number Zapf, Hubert “Logical Action in The Catcher in the Rye.” College Literature, 12 (1985): 266–271 MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 203 12/30/08 3:33:54 PM MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 204 12/30/08 3:33:54 PM Acknowledgments Alan Nadel “Rhetoric, Sanity, and the Cold War: The Significance of Holden Caulfield’s Testimony.” The Centennial Review, Volume 32, Number (Fall 1988): pp 351–371 Copyright © 1988 Reprinted with permission Sandra W Lott and Steven Latham “The World Was All Before Them”: Coming of Age in Ngugi wa Thiong’o’s Weep Not, Child and J D Salinger’s The Catcher in the Rye.” Global Perspectives on Teaching Literature: Shared Visions and Distinctive Visions Eds Sandra Ward Lott, Maureen S G Hawkins, and Norman McMillan (Urbana, IL: National Council of Teachers, 1993): pp 135–151 Copyright © 1993 National Council of Teachers Reprinted with permission Sanford Pinsker “Go West, My Son.” The Catcher in the Rye: Innocence Under Pressure (New York: Twayne, 1993): pp 89–97 Copyright © 1993 Sanford Pinsker Reprinted with permission Dennis McCort “Hyakujo’s Geese, Amban’s Doughnuts and Rilke’s Carrousel: Sources East and West for Salinger’s Catcher.” Comparative Literature Studies ,Volume 34, Number (1997): pp 260–278 Copyright © 1997 by the Pennsylvania State University Reprinted with permission Stephen J Whitfield “Cherished and Cursed: Toward a Social History of The Catcher in the Rye.” The New England Quarterly, Volume LXX, Number (December 1997): pp 567–600 Copyright © 1997 by The New England Quarterly Reprinted with permission 205 MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 205 12/30/08 3:33:54 PM 206 Acknowledgments Pamela Hunt Steinle “The Catcher in the Rye as Postwar American Fable.” In Cold Fear: The Catcher in the Censorship Controversies and Postwar American Character (Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 2000): pp 15–28 Copyright © 2000 Ohio State University Press David Castronovo “Holden Caulfield’s Legacy.” New England Review, Volume 22, Number (Spring 2001): pp 180–186 Copyright © 2001 David Castronovo Reprinted with permission John McNally “The Boy That Had Created the Disturbance: Reflections on Minor Characters in Life and The Catcher in the Rye.” With Love and Squalor: 14 Writers Respond to the Work of J D Salinger, edited by Kip Kotzen and Thomas Beller (New York: Broadway Books, 2001): pp 104–116 Copyright © 2001 Kip Kitzen and Thomas Beller Reprinted with permission Jane Mendelsohn “Holden Caulfield: A Love Story.” With Love and Squalor: 14 Writers Respond to the Work of J D Salinger, edited by Kip Kotzen and Thomas Beller (New York: Broadway Books, 2001): pp 104–116 Copyright © 2001 Kip Kitzen and Thomas Beller Reprinted with permission Dennis Cutchins “Catcher in the Corn: J D Salinger and Shoeless Joe.” The Catcher in the Rye: New Essays Ed J P Steed (New York: Peter Lang, 2002): pp 53–77 Copyright © 2002 Peter Lang Reprinted with permission Robert Miltner “Mentor Mori; or, Sibling Society and the Catcher in the Bly.” The Catcher in the Rye: New Essays, edited by J P Steed (New York: Peter Lang, 2002): pp 33–52 Copyright © 2002 Peter Lang Reprinted with permission Carl Freedman “Memories of Holden Caulfield—and of Miss Greenwood.” The Southern Review, Volume 39, Number (Spring 2003): pp 401–417 Copyright © 2003 Louisiana State University Reprinted with permission Yasuhiro Takeuchi “The Zen Archery of Holden Caulfield.” English Language Notes, Volume XLII, Number (September 2004): pp 55–63 Copyright © 2004 Regents of the University of Colorado Reprinted with permission MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 206 12/30/08 3:33:55 PM Index 1919 World Series, 142 Antolini, Mr (character), 27, 33, 35, 43, 127, 151, 153, 155–158, 163, 174, 176 Archie Bunker’s Place (television show), 90 Arilla Sun Down, 22 Arnold, Benedict, 40 Artemis, 185 Aspects of the Novel, 116 Atlantic Monthly, 11 Autobiography (Mill), 109 Awa, Kenzo, 184, 186–188 Ayling, Ronald, 25 Aarons, Jess (character), 22 Absalom, Absalom!, 167 Ackley (character), 17, 100, 117, 151, 159, 163, 174 Adam and Eve, 32 Adamic tradition, 95 Adams, Nick (character), 106 Adventures of Augie March, The, 93 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, The, 5, 68, 80, 170 Adventures of Tom Sawyer, The, 72 Africa, 29 African Americans, 22 agoraphobia, 154 Alabama, 81 Aladdin (character), 21 alienation, 27 Allie (character), 32, 66, 124, 126, 143, 151, 153–155, 162–163, 165, 173, 177, 186, 188 American Adam, The, 93 American Communist Party, 10 American Library Association, 81 American School Board Journal, 68 Anderson, Sherwood, 106 Andover, 160 Anti-Defamation League, 71 anti-Semitism, 178 antinomianism, 106 Banky, Ed (character), 158–159 Bantam, 63, 79 Barnes, Jake (character), 111 Barnes and Noble, 117 Barthel, Roland, 10 Baton Rouge Advocate, 140 Baumbach, Jonathan, 135, 138, 151 Beauvoir, Simone de, 70 Bell Jar, The, 78, 168 Bellow, Saul, 93 Bettelheim, Bruno, 21 Birdsell, Eddie (character), 160 Blackboard Jungle, 75 Black Boy, 81 Blake, Robert, 108 Blake, William, 35, 155 Bluestein (character), 133 207 MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 207 12/30/08 3:33:55 PM 208 Index Bly, Robert, 152–154, 162, 164 Book-of-the-Month Club, 63, 89 Booth, Wayne, 10, 26 Boro (character), 31 Boron High School (CA), 69 Boston Globe, The, 73 Bowdler, Thomas, 84 Bowen, Michael, 90 Bowen, Robert O., 71 Bradbury, Ray, 69 Brando, Marlon, 75, 106 Brave New World, 170 Bread Loaf Writers’ Conference, 115 Breaking the Magic Spell: Radical Theories of Folk and Fairy Tales, 21 Bridge To Terabithia, 22 Broadway, 38 Brodkey, Harold, 64 Brooke, Rupert, 177 Brookeman, Christopher, 162 Brossard, Mal (character), 159 Browning, Elizabeth Barrett, 107 Bryson, Bill, 152 Buddhism, see Zen Buddhism Buddy (character), 155 Budenz, Louis, 10 Bumppo, Natty (character), 95 Burns, Robert, 108 Cahiers du Cinéma, 69 California, 63, 80–81, 92, 153, 155 Boron, 82 Los Angeles, 72 Pasadena, 69 San Jose, 68 Temple City, 69 California Board of Regents, 8, 77 Campbell, Paul (character), 159 Camus, Albert, 100, 132 Can’t Miss, 90 capitalism, 73, 142 Carlsen, Robert G., 21 Carroll, Lewis, 84 MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 208 “Case Study in Canon Formation: Reviewers, Critics, and The Catcher in the Rye, A,” 178 Castle, James (character), 16, 27, 119, 127, 151, 158–161, 163, 186 Catholic World, 82 Caulfield, Allie (character), 119 Caulfield, D B (character), 27, 40, 126, 141, 143, 151, 154–156, 159– 160, 162, 165, 173, 177, 186, 188 Caulfield, Holden (character), 5, 16, 24, 29–30, 32–33, 37, 39–43, 63–66, 68, 71–74, 76–80, 82, 84, 90, 92, 94, 96, 99, 101, 105–113, 116–117, 121, 123–128, 131, 134, 143, 145, 151–165, 168, 171, 173–175, 177–178, 180, 182–183, 185–187 Caulfield, Mr., 153, 157 Caulfield, Mrs., 126, 154 Caulfield, Phoebe (character), 13, 32, 39, 40–42, 81, 99–100, 108– 109, 124, 126–127, 135, 143, 151, 153–155, 162–164, 173, 185–186, 188 Caulfield, Weatherfield (alias for Phoebe), 39 Cavendish, Faith (character), 119, 156 censorship, 68, 73, 89 Central Park, 33, 42, 124, 128, 135, 174 Chang, Lan Samantha, 116 Chapman, Mark David, 66, 140 Chatterley, Constance (character), 83 Chicago, Illinois, 135 Chicago Cubs, 137 Chicago White Sox, 133, 142 Childs, Arthur (character), 157, 163 China, 23 Christian Science Monitor, The, 79 Christianity, 138 Christie, Agatha, 123 Civil Rights Act of 1964, 170 12/30/08 3:33:56 PM Index Civil War, 177 Cleaver, Eldridge, 68 Clegg, Frederick (character), 65 Clinton, Chelsea, 72 Cold War, 7, 16, 18, 80 Collector, The, 65 colonialism, 24 Columbia University, 111, 156 “Comin’ Through the Rye” (song), 108 Comiskey, Charles, 143 Comiskey Field, 134 Communism, 10, 14 Connolly, Cyril, 108 Conrad, Joseph, 167 Cooper, Gary, 77 Cooper, James Fenimore, 95 Copperfield, David (character), 74, 94, 111, 121 Cortazar, Julio, 23 Coughlin, Charles, 74 courtship, 25 Cridge, Thaddeus (character), 138 Cudahy, Mr (character), 158, 160 D-Day (WWII), 71 D B., see Caulfield, D B (character) Dandelion Wine, 69 Dartmouth College, 83 Dasenbrock, Reed Way, 24 David Copperfield, 108 Dean, James, 75, 106 Dedalus, Stephen (character), 41, 43 Deerslayer, The, 95 De Niro, Robert, 72 Diary of a Young Girl, 81 Dickens, Charles, 74, 107–108, 111 Dickinson, Emily, 177 Dickstein, Morris, 77 “Die ritterliche Kunst des Bogenschiessens (The Gallant Art of Archery),” 184 Doctorow, E L., 74 MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 209 209 “Dodger in the Rye,” 140 Doherty, Thomas, 83 Donelson, Kenneth, 22 Douglas, Helen Gahagan, 12, 77 Douglas, Melvyn, 12, 77 Dr Spock’s Baby and Child Care, 123 Dr Strangelove (movie), 80 Dream Catcher, 177 Duggan, Lawrence, 16 Educational Research Analysts, 70 Eichmann, Adolf, 79 Eisenhower, Dwight D., 83 Elkton Hills, 155–158, 163, 179–180 Ellison, Ralph, 93 Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 84, 89 “End of the Game, The,” 23 Engelhardt, Tom, 73 Eppes, Betty, 140 Ernie (character), 141 existentialism, 132 Fagin (character), 108 Fahrenheit 451, 69 Family Feud (television show), 90 Faulkner, William, 167 Fiedler, Leslie A., 70, 128 Field of Dreams (movie), 133 Fifth Amendment, 15 Finn, Huck (character), 43, 175 “Fireman, The,” 69 First Amendment, 83 Fitzgerald, F Scott, 42 folk literature, 21 Fontanne, Lynn (character), 141 “For Esmé with Love and Squalor,” 177 Forster, E M., 116, 119 Fosburgh, Lacey, 139 Foucault, Michel, 18 Fowles, John, 65 Frank, Anne, 81 Franklin Watts Publishers, 89 12/30/08 3:33:56 PM 210 Index Franny (character), 113, 155 Franny and Zooey, 155 From Here to Eternity, 105 Frost, Robert, 115 Galaxy Science Fiction, 69 Gallagher, Jane (character), 27, 124, 155, 158–160, 163, 187 Gant, Eugene (character), 106 Gatsby, Jay (character), 111 Gautama, 155 Genet, 70 Gennesaret, 184 Germany, 184 Gikuyu (character), 32 Gilder, Richard Watson, 84 Girl’s Own Shakespeare, The, 84 Glass, Buddy (character), 155, 173– 174, 183 Glass, Seymour (character), 134, 177, 183 Goldfarb, Raymond (character), 157 Goldwater, Barry, 169 Goodman, Paul, 77 Graham, Archie (character), 132, 135–136 Grand Central Station, 138, 164 Grapes of Wrath, The, 68 Gravity’s Rainbow, 167 Gravlee, Cynthia, 21 Great Depression, 106 Great Gatsby, The, 42, 75, 105 Greensburg High School, 70 Greenwich Village, 39, 141 Greenwood, Esther (character), 168 Greenwood, Miss (character), 168 Grey, Miranda (character), 65 Grosset and Dunlap, 89 Groton, 67 Growing Up Absurd, 77 Guare, John, 67 Guevara, Che, 74 Guilty by Suspicion (movie), 72 MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 210 Haas, Headmaster (character), 136, 179 Hager, Kurt, 72 Hamilton, Ian, 64 Hamilton, Virginia, 22 Hand, Learned, 10 Hardy, Thomas, 75, 111 Harper’s, 70, 81 Harvard University, 13, 17, 76 Hassan, Ihab, 100 Hat Check Girl (character), 157 Hayden, Tom, 74 Hayes, Sally (character), 28, 38–39, 107, 117, 161, 163, 180 Heiserman, Arthur, 131 Hemingway, Ernest, 64, 106, 174 Herrigel, Eugen, 183, 185–188 Higgins, Mayo Cornelius (character), 22 Hill, Fanny, 83 Hinckle, Warren, 70 Hinckley, John, Jr., 66 Hirsch, Ed, 115–116 Hiss, Alger, 14 Hitler, Adolf, 14, 177 Holden, see Caulfield, Holden (character) Holland Tunnel, 37 Hollywood, 8, 11, 42, 77, 111, 124, 126, 154–155, 186 Hollywood Ten, 8, 12, 77 Holocaust, 177 Homer, 155 homosexuality, 27 Hoover, J Edgar, 8, 77 Horowitz, Eve, 78 House (HUAC) hearings, House of Representatives Select Committee on Current Pornographic Materials, 79 House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC), 72, 77 Howlands, Mr (character), 31 12/30/08 3:33:57 PM Index “How to Tell a True War Story,” 120 Hughes, Elaine, 21 Hughes, Langston, 70 Hughes, Riley, 82, 152 Humphrey, Hubert, 169 Hunter College, 76 Huron (Native American), 95 Huxley, Aldous, 170 Index Librorum Prohibitorum, 70 Inglis, Fred, 77 Innocents Abroad, 68 Invisible Man, 93, 105 Iowa, 90, 133, 138, 143 Iron John, 154 Isaacson, Daniel, 74 Isaka (character), 29, 32 Isserman, Maurice, 77 “J D Salinger: Some Crazy Cliff,” 131 Jackson, Shoeless Joe, 131, 142 Jack the Giant Killer (character), 21 Jacobo (character), 30 James, Henry, 42, 96 Jameson, Frederic, Jane (character), 127, 186 Japan, 184 Jesus, 26, 138, 155, 184, 188 Johnson, Lyndon, 169 Johnson, Samuel, 174 Jones, James, 106 Joyce, James, 41, 43, 70, 167 Jung, Carl, 188 Kaman (character), 30 Kanfer, Stefan, 64 Kaplan, Charles, 140 Keating, Helen, 71 Keller-Gage, Shelley, 69 Keniston, Kenneth, 76 Kennedy, Edward, 170 MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 211 211 Kennedy, John F., 69 Kenya, 24, 29–30, 34 Kenyatta, Jomo, 29, 32, 34 Kerouac, Jack, 75 Kikuyu (tribe, Kenya), 24, 29, 32 Killburns (characters), 22 King, James Roy, 22 Kingston, Maxine Hong, 23 Kinsella, Annie (character), 133, 137 Kinsella, John (character), 144 Kinsella, Karin (character), 133, 136 Kinsella, Mark (character), 133, 137 Kinsella, Ray (character), 90, 131, 133, 136–137, 143, 145 Kinsella, Richard (character), 119, 133, 143 Kinsella, W P (character), 90, 131, 139–140, 142, 145 Knowles, John, 23 Korean War, Kubrick, Stanley, 80 Lady Chatterley’s Lover, 81 Lahiri, Jhumpa, 116 Landis, Kenesaw Mountain, 135 Lao-tse, 155 Lardner, Ring, 75 Lasky, Julie, 79 Lass, Seymour (character), 155 Latham, Steven, 21 Lavender Lounge, 107 Laverne (character), 107 Lawall, Sarah, 24 Lawrence, D H., 70, 167 Leaves of Grass, 84 Lee, Harper, 23 Lennon, John, 66, 140 Leroy Martin Junior High School, 182 Levine, Gertrude (character), 119 Levinson, Anne, 68, 72 Lewis, Jerry, 65 Lewis, R W B., 93 12/30/08 3:33:58 PM 212 Index Lippmann, Walter, 79, 81 Literature for Today’s Young Adults, 22 Little, Brown and Company, 89 “Little Shirley Beans” (song), 40 Little Theater, 115 Lolita, 79, 93 Lonely Crowd, The, 76 Long, Russell, 169 Longstreth, T Morris, 152 Look Homeward, Angel, 106 Lott, Sandra W., 21 Louisiana, 169 loyalty oaths, 8–9 Luce, Carl (character), 108, 127, 142, 151, 156–157, 163, 172 Lunt, Alfred (character), 141 M C Higgins, the Great, 22 Macklin, Harris (character), 158 Madison Avenue, 28, 39 Mailer, Norman, 83 Making of a Counter Culture, The, 77 Malcolm X, 70 Marchand, Roland, 75 marriage, 25 Marsalla, Edgar (character), 116, 163 Martha’s Vineyard, 73 Marty (character), 107 Massachusetts, 39–40, 64, 68, 133, 162–163 materialism, 141 Matthiessen, F O., 17 Mau Mau, 24, 29–31, 34 Maurice (character), 16, 28, 43, 100, 127, 134, 158, 163 McCarthy, Joseph, 8, 10, 12, 17 McCarthy, Mary, 173 McCarthyism, 18 McMillan, Priscilla Johnson, 66 McNally, John, 115 McWilliams, Carey, 11 Member of the Wedding, A, 123 Menand, Louis, 176 MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 212 Merrill, David, 72 Metropolitan Museum of Art, 83, 144 Mill, John Stuart, 109 Miller, Edwin Haviland, 163 Miller, Henry, 71 Miller, James E., Jr., 77, 131, 141 Milton, John, 35 Minor Characters, 115–122 Modern Library, 89 Mojave Desert, 69 Momotaro (character), 21 Mori, Miltner, 151 Morrow, Ernest (character), 9, 119, 156, 161 Morrow, Mrs (character), Moss, Adam, 92 Mrs Dalloway, 177 Mumbi (character), 32 Mundt, Karl, 16 Museum of Natural History, 124, 128, 144 Mustang Sally, 70 Mwihaki (character), 31 Myth of Sisyphus, The, 100 Nabokov, Vladimir, 79, 93 Nadel, Alan, 77 Naked and the Dead, The, 83 Nash, Ogden, 70 Nation, The, 8, 11, 77 National Organization for Decent Literature, 68 Native Americans, 22 naturalism, 105 Nausea, 132 Navasky, Victor, 7, 15 Nazi concentration camp, 177 New England, 28 Newfield, Jack, 76 New Hampshire, 40, 64, 90 New Mexico, 81 New Orleans Beat, 91 12/30/08 3:33:58 PM Index New Republic, 70 Newsletter on Intellectual Freedom, 81 Newsreels, 108 Newsweek, 77, 140 New Testament, 82 New York City, 26, 38, 63, 92, 96, 123 New York Giants (baseball), 133 New York Times, 69, 89, 140 New York University, 155 New Yorker, 84, 176 Ngotho (character), 30–31 Ngugi (character), 28, 35 Nilsen, Aileen Pace, 22 Nine Stories, 84 Nineteen Eighty-four, 170 Nixon, Richard, 12, 77 Njeri (character), 34 Njoroge (character), 24, 28–30, 33 Normandy, 177 North Carolina, 69, 182 Norwalk, Connecticut, 153 Nostromo, 167 Nyokabi (character), 34 Oberlin College, 78 O’Brien, Tim, 120 Office of Intellectual Freedom, 68 Of Mice and Men, 64, 68 Ohio State University, 74 Ohmann, Carol and Richard, 7, 73, 178 “Oh Marie” (song), 111 Old Janine (character), 108 Old Tales and New Truths, 22 Oliver’s Story, 90 O’Neill, William, 17 “On the Beach at Night,” 35 Ortiz Cofer, Judith, 25 Orwell, George, 112, 170 Ossenburger (character), 137, 171, 179 Out of Africa, 75 MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 213 213 Paris, France, 72 Paris Review, 140 Pastore, John, 169 Patek, Freddy, 90 Paterson, Katherine, 22 Pearson, Ian, 134 Peckniff (character), 108 Pencey (character), 9, 107, 136, 179 Pency Prep, 26, 40, 64, 75–76, 95– 96, 98, 117, 123, 126, 153, 157, 159–160, 162–163, 171 “Pency Preppy: Cultural Codes in The Catcher in the Rye,” 162 Peter Pan (character), 176 Phoebe, see Caulfield, Phoebe (character) Pickens, Slim, 80 Pinsker, Sanford, 91 Plath, Sylvia, 168 Plummer, William, 134 poetry, 109 Poitier, Sidney, 67 Polo Grounds, 133 polygamy, 24 Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, A, 41, 43 Potter, Harry (character), 121 Presidential Commission on Employee Loyalty, Princeton University, 160 Production Code, 83 Proust, Marcel, 70, 176 PTA Magazine, 81 Pulitzer, Joseph, 78 Pumblechook (character), 108 Puritanism, 78 Pynchon, Thomas, 167 Radio City Music Hall, 28, 142 “Raise High the Roof Beam, Carpenters,” 170 Ramparts, 70, 80 12/30/08 3:33:59 PM 214 Rebel Without a Cause (movie), 75, 106 Red Cross, 180 Reich, Charles, 74 Rembar, Charles, 83 “Resolution and Independence,” 109–110 Rhode Island, 169 Richards, I A., 13 Riesman, David, 76, 78 Robin Hood (character), 21 Rockefeller Center, 38 Rockettes, The, 107, 142 rock ’n’ roll, 75, 106 Roman Catholicism, 70 romanticism, 111 Romeo and Juliet, 28 Rosen, Gerald, 132, 147, 154 Roszak, Theodore, 77 Rowe, Joyce, 132, 141, 154 Sahl, Mort, 71 Salinger, J D., 38, 41, 43, 64–65, 67–69, 71, 73, 76, 81, 83, 89–90, 94, 99, 106, 116, 118, 125, 133, 158, 160, 162, 183–187 Salinger, Margaret, 177, 184 Salinger, Pierre, 69 Salinger, Sol, 78 Sally (character), 127, 172 Salzman, Jack, 132 Sanders, Mitchell (character), 120 Sarr, Ndiawar, 29 Sartre, Jean-Paul, 132 Scheherazade (character), 21 Schepsi, Fred, 67 Schickel, Richard, 67 Scissons, Eddie (character), 132, 137 Second Sex, The, 70 Secret Goldfish, The, 159 Seelye, John, 74, 80, 132 Segal, Erich, 90 Senate hearings (McCarthy), MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 214 Index Separate Peace, A, 23 sexuality, 75 Seymour (character), 155 “Seymour: An Introduction,” 170, 183 Shakespeare, William, 155, 167 Shaney, Louis (character), 119, 157 Shaw, Peter, 145 Shoeless Joe, 131–147 Signet Books, 79, 89 Silent Dancing, 25 Simmons, Lillian (character), 160 Simon (character), 184 Singer, Jane, 78 Siriana Secondary School, 30 Six Degrees of Separation, 67 Sixty Minutes (television show), 90 Slagle, Dick (character), 119, 157, 180 “Slaughter on Tenth Avenue” (song), 106 Smith, Julie, 91 Smith, Septimus (character), 177 Smith Act, 8, 10, 77 “Smoke Gets in Your Eyes” (song), 111 “Song of India” (song), 106 “Songs of Innocence and Experience,” 108 Soul on Ice, 68 South Carolina, 68 Spencer, Mr (character), 136, 171 Spencer, Mrs (character), 126 Stabile, Phil (character), 158, 161 Stashower, Daniel M., 66 Steinbeck, John, 76 Steinle, Pamela Hunt, 80–81 Stekel, Wilhelm (character), 159, 164, 176 Stradlater (character), 17, 27, 43, 100, 106–107, 151, 158–159, 163, 171, 181, 186–187 Stradlater, Ward (character), 159 12/30/08 3:33:59 PM Index Students for a Democratic Society (SDS), 74 suicide, 186 Sun Also Rises, The, 105 Sundiata (character), 21 Sunny (character), 40, 119, 134, 163, 174 Suzuki, Daisetz, 184 Sweet Whispers, Brother Rush, 22 Swindler, Vickie, 69 Texas, 70 Thiong’o, Ngugi wa, 23 Thoreau, Henry David, 39 Thurmer, Selma (character), 174 Tichener, Robert (character), 159 Time, 13, 76 Tin Pan Alley, 106 Tohoku Imperial University (now Tohoku University), 184 To Kill a Mockingbird, 23 Tolstoy, Leo, 167 Toronto, Canada, 123 Truffaut, François, 69 Truman, Harry S., 8, 84 Twain, Mark, 68, 84 U.S Information Agency, 83 Ulysses, 42–43, 167 University of Montana, 70 University of Texas, 70 Updike, John, 75 Uses of Enchantment, The, 21 Utah Beach (WWII), 71, 177 Vermont, 39–40, 64, 116, 139, 162–163 Victorianism, 78 Vietnam War, 74 Viguerie, Richard, 70 MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 215 215 Virginia, 81 Virgin Mary, 41 Vye, Eustachia (character), 111 Walden, 39–40 Washington, 68 Washington, George, 155 Weber, Max, 179 Webster, Noah, 84 Weep Not, Child, 23 West, 37–43 Whitfield, Stephen J., 63 Whitman, Walt, 35, 84, 155 Whooton School, 156–157, 163 Wicker Bar, 108, 156 Wild One, The (movie), 75, 106 Williams, Tennessee, 71 Winesburg, Ohio, 106 Winkler, Irwin, 72 Woman Warrior, The, 23 Women in Love, 167 Woolf, Virginia, 177 Wordsworth, William, 109 World War II, 72, 83, 176–177 Wright, Richard, 81 Wyler, William, 66 Yankauer, Ira (character), 184 “Young Girl in 1941 with No Waist at All, A,” 134 Zen, 76 Archery, 183–188 Buddhism, 183–188 Zen in der Kunst des Bogenschiessens (Zen in the Art of Archery), 184 Zen in the Art of Archery, 186 Zipes, Jack, 22 Zooey (character), 113, 155 12/30/08 3:34:00 PM MCI_CatcherInTheRye.indd 216 12/30/08 3:34:00 PM