organizational behavior michael k mcculdy

Organizational Behavior Schermerhorn, Hunt, and Schermerhorn, Osborn Prepared by Michael K McCuddy Valparaiso University Chapter Study Questions What is organizational behavior and why is it important? What are organizations like as work settings? What is the nature of managerial work? How we learn about organizational behavior? Organizational Behavior: Chapter Study Question 1: What is organizational behavior and why is it important? Workplace success depends on: – Respect for people – Understanding of human behavior in complex organizational systems – Individual commitment to flexibility, creativity, and learning – Individual willingness to change Organizational Behavior: Chapter Study Question 1: What is organizational behavior and why is it important? Organizations and their members are challenged to: – Simultaneously achieve high performance and high quality of life – Embrace ethics and social responsibility – Respect the vast potential of demographic and cultural diversity among people – Recognize the impact of globalization Organizational Behavior: Chapter Study Question 1: What is organizational behavior and why is it important? Organizational behavior – Study of human behavior in organizations – A multidisciplinary field devoted to understanding individual and group behavior, interpersonal processes, and organizational dynamics Organizational Behavior: Chapter Study Question 1: What is organizational behavior and why is it important? Pick up Figure 1.1 from the textbook Organizational Behavior: Chapter Study Question 1: What is organizational behavior and why is it important? Reasons for importance of scientific thinking – The process of data collection is controlled and systematic – Proposed explanations are carefully tested – Only explanations that can be scientifically verified are accepted Organizational Behavior: Chapter Study Question 1: What is organizational behavior and why is it important? Contingency approach – Tries to identify how different situations can be best understood and handled – Important contingency variables include: • Environment • Technology • Tasks • Structure • People Organizational Behavior: Chapter Study Question 1: What is organizational behavior and why is it important? Modern workplace trends Commitment to ethical behavior Importance of human capital Demise of “command and control.” Emphasis on teamwork Pervasive influence of information technology – Respect for new workforce expectations – Changing definition of “jobs” and “career.” – – – – – Organizational Behavior: Chapter Study Question 2: What are organizations like as work settings? An organization is a collection of people working together in a division of labor to achieve a common purpose Organizational Behavior: Chapter 10 Study Question 3: How can the organizational culture be managed? Strategies for building, reinforcing, and changing organizational culture – Directly modifying the visible aspects of culture – Changing the lessons to be drawn from common stories – Setting the tone for a culture and for cultural change – Fostering a culture that addresses questions of external adaptation and internal integration Organizational Behavior: Chapter 19 624 Study Question 3: How can the organizational culture be managed? Mistakes that managers can make in building, reinforcing, and changing culture – Trying to change people’s values from the top down: • While keeping the ways in which the organization operates the same • Without recognizing the importance of individuals – Attempting to revitalize an organization by dictating major changes and ignoring shared values Organizational Behavior: Chapter 19 625 Study Question 4: How can you use organization development to improve the firm? Organization development (OD) – The application of behavioral science knowledge in a long-range effort to improve an organization’s ability to cope with change in its external environment and to increase its internal problem-solving capabilities Organizational Behavior: Chapter 19 626 Study Question 4: How can you use organization development to improve the firm? Organizational development – Designed to work on both issues of external adaptation and internal integration – Used to improve organizational performance – Seeks to achieve change so the organization’s members maintain the culture and longer-run organizational effectiveness Organizational Behavior: Chapter 19 627 Study Question 4: How can you use organization development to improve the firm? Underlying assumptions of OD – Individual level • Respect for people and their capabilities – Group level • Belief that groups can be good for both people and organizations – Organizational level • Respect for the complexity of an organization as a system of interdependent parts Organizational Behavior: Chapter 19 628 Study Question 4: How can you use organization development to improve the firm? Organization development goals – Outcome goals • Mainly deal with issues of external adaptation – Process goals • Mainly deal with issues of internal integration Organizational Behavior: Chapter 19 629 Study Question 4: How can you use organization development to improve the firm? In pursuing outcome and process goals, OD helps by: – Creating an open problem solving climate – Supplementing formal authority with knowledge and – – – – competence Moving decision making where relevant information is available Building trust and maximizing collaboration Increasing the sense of organizational ownership Allowing people to exercise self-direction and selfcontrol Organizational Behavior: Chapter 19 630 Study Question 4: How can you use organization development to improve the firm? Action research – The process of systematically collecting data on an organization, feeding it back to the members for action planning, and evaluating results by collecting and reflecting on more data after the planned actions have been taken Organizational Behavior: Chapter 19 631 Study Question 4: How can you use organization development to improve the firm? Organizational Behavior: Chapter 19 632 Study Question 4: How can you use organization development to improve the firm? Organizational Behavior: Chapter 19 633 Study Question 4: How can you use organization development to improve the firm? Organizationwide OD interventions – Survey feedback • Collection and feedback of data to organization members for action planning purposes – Confrontation meetings • Activities for quickly determining how an organization can be improved and taking initial actions for betterment Organizational Behavior: Chapter 19 634 Study Question 4: How can you use organization development to improve the firm? Organizationwide OD interventions (cont.) – Structural redesign • Realigning the organization’s structure or major subsystems – Collateral organization • Using representative organizational members in periodic small group problem-solving sessions Organizational Behavior: Chapter 19 635 Study Question 4: How can you use organization development to improve the firm? Group and intergroup OD interventions – Team building • Activities to improve the functioning of a group – Process consultation • Activities to improve the functioning of key group processes – Intergroup team building • Activities to improve the functioning or two or more groups Organizational Behavior: Chapter 19 636 Study Question 4: How can you use organization development to improve the firm? Individual OD interventions – Role negotiation • Clarifying expectations in working relationships – Job redesign • Creating long-term congruence between individual goals and organizational career opportunities – Career planning • Structured opportunities for individuals to work with managers or staff experts on career issues Organizational Behavior: Chapter 19 637 Thank You www.bookfiesta4u.com Organizational Behavior: Chapter www.bookfiesta4u.com 638 [...]... stakeholder expectations Organizational Behavior: Chapter 1 14 Study Question 2: What are organizations like as work settings? Organizational culture and diversity – Organizational culture refers to the shared beliefs and values that influence the behavior of organizational members – Positive organizational cultures: • • • • • Have a high-performance orientation Emphasize teamwork Encourage risk taking... in behavior that results from experience Organizational learning is the process of acquiring knowledge and utilizing information to adapt successfully to changing circumstances Organizational Behavior: Chapter 1 25 Study Question 4: How do we learn about organizational behavior? Organizational Behavior: Chapter 1 26 Study Question 4: How do we learn about organizational behavior? Organizational Behavior: ... managing change Organizational Behavior: Chapter 1 23 Study Question 3: What is the nature of managerial work? Managerial skills and competencies – A skill is an ability to translate knowledge into action that results in a desired performance – Categories of skills • Technical • Human • Conceptual Organizational Behavior: Chapter 1 24 Study Question 4: How do we learn about organizational behavior? Learning... – Key results of effective management: • Task performance • Job satisfaction Organizational Behavior: Chapter 1 19 Study Question 3: What is the nature of managerial work? Organizational Behavior: Chapter 1 20 Study Question 3: What is the nature of managerial work? The nature of managerial work – Managers work long hours – Managers are busy people – Managers are often interrupted – Managerial work... on key stakeholders Organizational Behavior: Chapter 1 16 Study Question 2: What are organizations like as work settings? Longitudinal views of organizational effectiveness – Short-run emphasis on goal accomplishment, resource utilization, and stakeholder satisfaction – Intermediate-run emphasis on organization’s adaptability and development potential – Long-run emphasis on survival Organizational Behavior: ... like as work settings? A strategy is a comprehensive plan that guides organizations to operate in ways that allow them to outperform their competitors Key managerial responsibilities include strategy formulation and implementation Knowledge of OB is essential to effectively strategy implementation Organizational Behavior: Chapter 1 12 Study Question 2: What are organizations like as work settings? Organizational. .. variable – Managers work mostly with other people – Managers spend a lot of time communicating Organizational Behavior: Chapter 1 21 Study Question 3: What is the nature of managerial work? Organizational Behavior: Chapter 1 22 Study Question 3: What is the nature of managerial work? Managerial mind-sets – Reflective mind-set — managing one’s self – Analytic mind-set — managing organizational operations... organizations like as work settings? Organizational Behavior: Chapter 1 13 Study Question 2: What are organizations like as work settings? Stakeholders – People, groups, and institutions having an interest in an organization’s performance – Customers, owners, employees, suppliers, regulators, and local communities are key stakeholders – Interests of multiple stakeholders sometimes conflict – Executive leadership... how can workforce diversity be managed? How do ethics and social responsibility influence human behavior in organizations? What are key OB transitions in the new workplace? Organizational Behavior: Chapter 2 28 Study Question 1: What is a highperformance organization? High-performance organizations – Value and empower people, and respect diversity – Mobilize the talents of self-directed work teams –... groups, to use their talents and knowledge to make decisions that affect their work Social capital – The performance potential represented in the relationships maintained among people at work Organizational Behavior: Chapter 2 34 Study Question 1: What is a highperformance organization? Learning and high-performance cultures – Uncertainty highlights the importance of organizational learning – High-performance