Slide thuyết trình TACN2 Topic: Contract or no contract

I, Condition of valid contractA contract is a legally binding or valid agreement between two parties Under most legal systems, a contract is valid if: •The parties achieve a “meeting of

4 Members:

Nguyễn Thị Thùy Linh: 1312360022 Nguyễn Thùy Linh: 1312360021 Nông Thị Quỳnh Hoa: 1310360053 Nguyễn Thùy Linh: 1317360087

What reasons are common in international cases for deciding

that parties have “no

contract” ?

OR

“NO CONTRACT”

Three main points:

* Condition of valid contract

* Contract or no contract

* Translation

I, Condition of valid contract

A contract is a legally binding or valid agreement between two parties

Under most legal systems, a contract is valid if:

•The parties achieve a “meeting of minds” through a process of

offer and acceptance

•Both sides are capable of entering a contract

•The purpose of the contract is legal

Under Anglo – American law:

•Give both sides rights and duties

•One sided contracts are “ no contracts”

II, Contract or no contract

Meeting of minds

The power to make a contract Legality of Purpose

The Consideration

1) Meeting of minds

* Duress: an duress for agreement is no contract

Ex: If I hold a stick and force you to sign a contract

* Mistake and fraud: a mistake about goods a deliberate

fraud

Ex: is the exporter promise to supply 100 items of new car and the importer agree with that belief But in fact, the cars supplied are old, produced 10 years old

* Failure to follow the rules of offer and acceptance

NO meeting of minds

NO contract

Offer and acceptance

* A contract comes into force when one party( the offeror) makes an offer, and another party ( the offeree) accepts it.

* An offer is not always, in international pratice, the first move in forming a contract

* Often the buyer first makes an inquiry

* The exporter makes a tender or an offer

* As soon as the buyer says ‘No’, the exporter is no longer bound by the offer

Inquiry or Request

for Tender

OFFER

THE COUNTEROFFER becomes a New….

OFFER DIES REVOCATIONIs there

?

Is there a COUNTEROF

FER

Is there an ACCEPTANCE

* The Seller reserves the right to withdraw this offer at any

time before acceptance by the Buyer

* One common situation in export deals is known as “the

battle of the form” It goes like this:

+ Scenario: Esperanza Importing sends an order for 200 crates

of baby food to general Supplies in Verbena On the order

What is CONSIDERATION?

A valuable consideration in the sense of the

law may consist either of some right, interest, profit or benefit accruing to one party, or

some forbearance detriment, loss, or

responsibility given, suffered or undertaken

by the other.

THE EXCHANGE OF

CONSIDERATION

There are 2 types:

1 One side has only rights and the other side has only duties NO contract

2 Both sides have rights and duties

Most export contract are two – sided: agreements in which both side have rights and duties However, the exporter may meet the one – sided agreement:

*Release from an obligation NOTE: Must be written, signed and delivered

*An agreement to modify of contract

Be careful

The power to make a contract

A company can only sign a contract within its

power

Example: certain people are unable to sign

contracts: children, the feeble minded… They lack “contractual capacity”

An ultra vires (beyond it powers) contract is

unenforceable

A computer company send shareholder’s money on race horses

Shareholders could repudiate its debts under any contract “beyond its power”

1) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Parties may agree that any particular matter of

disputes can most quickly be settled by an

Expert In that event, the Parties shall jointly prepare and sign a statement on the issue to be determined by the Expert before agreeing

upon the identity of the Expert

Trừ những vấn đề được quy định ở trên,

các bên sẽ đồng ý rằng bất cứ tranh chấp trong trường hợp cụ thể nào cũng có thể

được giải quyết nhanh chóng nhất bởi

chuyên gia., trong trường hợp đó Các bên

sẽ cùng nhau chuẩn bị và đưa ra 1 thỏa

thuận để chuyên gia xác nhận trước khi

đồng ý cách phân xử của chuyên gia

 2, Ngôn ngữ sử dụng cho hợp đồng là

Tiếng Anh và Tiếng Việt có giá trị như

nhau Tất cả các văn bản được soạn thảo dùng cho Hợp Đồng đều bằng Tiếng Anh

và Tiếng Việt Trong trường hợp có sai

lệch hoặc hiểu nhầm thì sẽ dùng Tiếng

Anh để giải thích

 The language of the Contract is the English language and Vietnamese language with the same value All documents

to be prepared under the Contract shall be written in

English and Vietnamese In case of any discrepancy or

ambiguity, the English language shall prevail

 Ngôn ngữ sử dụng cho hợp đồng là Tiếng Anh và Tiếng

Việt có giá trị như nhau Tất cả các văn bản được soạn thảo dùng cho Hợp Đồng đều bằng Tiếng Anh và Tiếng Việt

Trong trường hợp có sai lệch hoặc hiểu nhầm thì sẽ dùng Tiếng Anh để giải thích

3) In the event that you do not agree with the terms and conditions or if

you feel unable to comply with any

of the terms and conditions, please

arrange an amendment of the credit

through your contracting party (the

applicant for the credit

Trong trường hợp bên ngài không

đồng ý vs các điều khoản hay cảm

thấy không thể thực hiện bất kì điều

khoản nào, thì hãy thảo 1 bản sửa đổi tín dụng tới bên đối tác (người mở tín dụng)

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