Slide thuyết trình TACN2 Topic: Contract or no contract

4 Members: Nguyễn Thị Thùy Linh: Nguyễn Thùy Linh: Nông Thị Quỳnh Hoa: Nguyễn Thùy Linh: 1312360022 1312360021 1310360053 1317360087 What reasons are common in international cases for deciding that parties have “no contract” ? “CONTRACT” OR “NO CONTRACT” Outline Three main points: * Condition of valid contract * Contract or no contract * Translation I, Condition of valid contract A contract is a legally binding or valid agreement between two parties Under most legal systems, a contract is valid if: •The parties achieve a “meeting of minds” through a process of offer and acceptance •Both sides are capable of entering a contract •The purpose of the contract is legal Under Anglo – American law: •Give both sides rights and duties •One sided contracts are “ no contracts” II, Contract or no contract Meeting of minds The power to make a contract Legality of Purpose The Consideration contract Ex: If I hold a stick and force you to sign a contract * Mistake and fraud: a mistake about goods a deliberate fraud Ex: is the exporter promise to supply 100 items of new car and the importer NO meeting of minds agree with that belief But in fact, the NO contract Offer and acceptance * A contract comes into force when one party( the offeror) makes an offer, and another party ( the offeree) accepts it * An offer is not always, in international pratice, the first move in forming a contract * Often the buyer first makes an inquiry * The exporter makes a tender or an offer * As soon as the buyer says ‘No’, the exporter is no longer bound by the offer THE RULES OF OFFER AND ACCEPTANCE Inquiry or Request for Tender THE COUNTEROFFER becomes a New… OFFER DIES OFFER Is there REVOCATION ? YES NO Original Offer Dies OFFER DIES CONTRACT Is there a COUNTEROF FER YES NO Is there an ACCEPTANCE ? NO YES * The Seller reserves the right to withdraw this offer at any time before acceptance by the Buyer * One common situation in export deals is known as “the battle of the form” It goes like this: + Scenario: Esperanza Importing sends an order for 200 crates of baby food to general Supplies in Verbena On the order form is printed: This order is subject to the Buyer’s General Conditions of Purchase, as printed on the reverse + General Supplies sends a confirmation of order clearly stamped: This order is subject to the seller’s General Conditions of Sale, as printed on the reverse What is CONSIDERATION? A valuable consideration in the sense of the law may consist either of some right, interest, profit or benefit accruing to one party, or some forbearance detriment, loss, or responsibility given, suffered or undertaken by the other THE EXCHANGE OF CONSIDERATION There are types: One side has only rights and the other side has only duties NO contract Both sides have rights and duties Most export contract are two – sided: agreements in which both side have rights and duties However, the exporter may meet the one – sided agreement: *Release from an obligation NOTE: Must be written, signed and delivered *An agreement to modify of contract Be careful The power to make a contract A company can only sign a contract within its power Example: certain people are unable to sign contracts: children, the feeble minded… They lack “contractual capacity” An ultra vires (beyond it powers) contract is unenforceable A computer company send shareholder’s money on race horses Shareholders could repudiate its debts under any contract “beyond its power” Legality of purpose: If the purpose of an agreement is illegal, the agreement is unenforceable Example: trade in elephant ivory is illegal Solution: A partial invalidity provision 1) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Parties may agree that any particular matter of disputes can most quickly be settled by an Expert In that event, the Parties shall jointly prepare and sign a statement on the issue to be determined by the Expert before agreeing upon the identity of the Expert Trừ vấn đề quy định trên, bên đồng ý tranh chấp trường hợp cụ thể giải nhanh chóng chuyên gia., trường hợp Các bên chuẩn bị đưa thỏa thuận để chuyên gia xác nhận trước đồng ý cách phân xử chuyên gia 2, Ngôn ngữ sử dụng cho hợp đồng Tiếng Anh Tiếng Việt có giá trị Tất văn soạn thảo dùng cho Hợp Đồng Tiếng Anh Tiếng Việt Trong trường hợp có sai lệch hiểu nhầm dùng Tiếng Anh để giải thích The language of the Contract is the English language and Vietnamese language with the same value All documents to be prepared under the Contract shall be written in English and Vietnamese In case of any discrepancy or ambiguity, the English language shall prevail Ngôn ngữ sử dụng cho hợp đồng Tiếng Anh Tiếng Việt có giá trị Tất văn soạn thảo dùng cho Hợp Đồng Tiếng Anh Tiếng Việt Trong trường hợp có sai lệch hiểu nhầm dùng Tiếng Anh để giải thích 3) In the event that you not agree with the terms and conditions or if you feel unable to comply with any of the terms and conditions, please arrange an amendment of the credit through your contracting party (the applicant for the credit Trong trường hợp bên ngài không đồng ý vs điều khoản hay cảm thấy thực điều khoản nào, thảo sửa đổi tín dụng tới bên đối tác (người mở tín dụng) THANK YOU FOR YOUR LISTENING [...]... profit or benefit accruing to one party, or some forbearance detriment, loss, or responsibility given, suffered or undertaken by the other THE EXCHANGE OF CONSIDERATION There are 2 types: 1 One side has only rights and the other side has only duties NO contract 2 Both sides have rights and duties Most export contract are two – sided: agreements in which both side have rights and duties However, the exporter... agreement: *Release from an obligation NOTE: Must be written, signed and delivered *An agreement to modify of contract Be careful The power to make a contract A company can only sign a contract within its power Example: certain people are unable to sign contracts: children, the feeble minded… They lack “contractual capacity” An ultra vires (beyond it powers) contract is unenforceable A computer company send... unenforceable A computer company send shareholder’s money on race horses Shareholders could repudiate its debts under any contract “beyond its power” Legality of purpose: If the purpose of an agreement is illegal, the agreement is unenforceable Example: trade in elephant ivory is illegal Solution: A partial invalidity provision 1) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Parties may agree that any particular matter... trường hợp có sai lệch hoặc hiểu nhầm thì sẽ dùng Tiếng Anh để giải thích 3) In the event that you do not agree with the terms and conditions or if you feel unable to comply with any of the terms and conditions, please arrange an amendment of the credit through your contracting party (the applicant for the credit Trong trường hợp bên ngài không đồng ý vs các điều khoản hay cảm thấy không thể thực hiện... Việt Trong trường hợp có sai lệch hoặc hiểu nhầm thì sẽ dùng Tiếng Anh để giải thích The language of the Contract is the English language and Vietnamese language with the same value All documents to be prepared under the Contract shall be written in English and Vietnamese In case of any discrepancy or ambiguity, the English language shall prevail Ngôn ngữ sử dụng cho hợp đồng là Tiếng Anh và Tiếng Việt... agree that any particular matter of disputes can most quickly be settled by an Expert In that event, the Parties shall jointly prepare and sign a statement on the issue to be determined by the Expert before agreeing upon the identity of the Expert Trừ những vấn đề được quy định ở trên, các bên sẽ đồng ý rằng bất cứ tranh chấp trong trường hợp cụ thể nào cũng có thể được giải quyết nhanh chóng nhất bởi... credit Trong trường hợp bên ngài không đồng ý vs các điều khoản hay cảm thấy không thể thực hiện bất kì điều khoản nào, thì hãy thảo 1 bản sửa đổi tín dụng tới bên đối tác (người mở tín dụng) THANK YOU FOR YOUR LISTENING