BUILDING BUSINESS STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE VIETNAM POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS GROUP

THESIS MBA BUILDING BUSINESS STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE VIETNAM POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS GROUP ABBREVIATION VNPT The Vietnam Posts and Telecommunications Group PSTN Public Service Telephone Network DSL Digital Subscriber Line NGN Next Generation Network SWOT Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, Threat BCG Boston Consultant Group R&D Research & Development GPRS General Packet Radio Service INDEX TABLES & FIGURES INTRODUCTION .1 I The necessity of the topic II The purpose of the capstone project report: III.The object and scope of the research: IV.Methodological method: V Contribution of the capstone project report: .2 VI.The layout of the capstone project report: Chapter I General Theory of BUSINESS STRATEGIES I Concept, characteristics and the role of business strategy in the enterprise:4 II Strategic management in business III Strategic planning: .10 CHAPTER II Analysis decisive factors of the Vietnam Posts and Telecommunications GROUP (VNPT) 30 I Overview of VNPT: .30 II Organization model: 31 III.VNPT’s production and business results in the recent years from 2004 to 2008: 32 IV Analysis business environment and internal force factors of VNPT .34 V Synthesis of internal and external environment analysis 61 VI Evaluate the current strategy of VNPT: 66 CHAPTER III PROPOSE BUSINESS STRATEGIES FOR VNPT’S DEVELOPMENT IN THE PERIOD 2011 -2015 AND IMPLEMENTATION SOLUTIONS 76 I Foundation to build strategy 76 II Propose business strategy for VNPT’s development in the period of 2011 – 2015 and implementation solutions 79 PETITION .102 CONCLUSION 104 LIST OF REFERENCE 106 APPENDIX 108 TABLES & FIGURES Diagram 1.1 Process of strategic management Diagram 1.2: Process of strategic planning 11 Diagram 1.3 Simulation of the business environment in the enterprise .13 Diagram 1.4: M.PORTER’s model of forces .15 Table 1.5: List general analysis and forecasting inside and outside business environment: 20 Table 1.6: External factors evaluation matrix (EFE) 22 Table 1.7 SWOT matrix 26 Table 1.8: QSPM Matrix 28 Diagram 2.1: Organization model of Vietnam Posts and Telecommunication Group .32 Table 2.2 General analysis of macro-environment .39 Table 2.3: Market share of telecommunications in 2008 .43 Table 2.4: Image matrix of competition 46 Table 2.5 Overall of micro environment 52 Table 2.6 Synthesis of VNPT’s internal forces 58 Table 2.7 External factor evaluation (EFE) 61 Table 2.8 Internal factor evaluation (IFE) .64 Table 2.9 VNPT's revenue from 1999 to 2008 67 Diagram 2.10 VNPT's revenue from 1999 to 2008 68 Table 2.11: Market share of telecommunications enterprises in 2008 69 Diagram 2.12: Market share of telecommunications enterprises in 2008 .70 Diagram 2.13: Market share of fixed telephone .70 Diagram 14: Market share of mobile 71 Diagram 15: Market Share of the Internet 71 Table 3.1 Brief SWOT matrix for VNPT .79 Diagram 3.2: Organization model proposed for VNPT 88 Table 3.3: Human resources structure 93 Diagram 3.4.Human resources structure 93 INTRODUCTION I The necessity of the topic We has just gone through 20 years of the country reformation, changing from the centrally planned bureaucratic subsidy to the market mechanism under the Government’s control, according to the socialist oriented direction Besides the gigantic achievements in political, economic, cultural, social field in comparison with the period before renewal, we must acknowledge that Vietnam still held quite a far distant compared with other countries, that we are still poor, has low growth and are slowly integrating into the international environment In this term, our soceity in general and our enterprise in particular is facing with both opportunities and challenges when domestic and international environment is changing all the time Technical and scientific factors which are the decisive factors for the economic growth, is rapidly renewed Consumption soceity is growing out of the framework of a country, reaching to the global needs and demand The process of international environment intergration (participation and commitment to implementing AFTA, APEC, WTO, especially Vietnam-US trade agreement) complies with the common rule, common value and ensuring the fair security In such circumstances, to survive and to thrive, the Vietnam Post and Telecommunications enterprises must adapt to new requirements: changing business environment from monopoly to competition, with the expansion of unlimited participation of the international factors Competition ability is the decisive factor, determining the survival of each enterprise The post and telecommunication enterprises, especially the system of state-owned enterprises must construct the strategic business planning and point out appropriate methods of plan implementation as a weapon to compete in the market or to measure the level of their development In the Vietnam Post and Telecommunications Group currently does exist a dependent accounting block of large scale which maintain way to build business strategies according to the central mechanism, and hasn’t effectively made use of its existing advantageous resources Page From that way of thinking, our Group has determined to choose the topic of “Building business strategy for the development of the Vietnam Posts and Telecommunications Group in the period of 2011-2015” II The purpose of the capstone project report: Do research; build business strategy for the development of Posts and Telecommunications Group of Vietnam III.The object and scope of the research: - Object: The Vietnam Posts and Telecommunications Group - Scope: Using basic reasoning method and strategy building methodology, strategy management based on the practices and trends of competition in the postal and telecommunications service, from which contribute its part to complete the formulation of business strategy for the VN Posts and telecommunications development until 2011 and sin the orientation of 2015, strive to make VNPT become one of the best enterprises in providing postal and telecommunications service IV.Methodological method: Our capstone project report uses the method of dialectical materialism in combination with logical and historic method, using method of analysis and synthesis, statistical methods, survey methods, comparison and forecast V Contribution of the capstone project report: Our capstone project report provides scientific methodologies and assesses of the situation and proposes some content in order to improve the formulation of business strategies to ensure the development objectives of the Group until 2011 and in the orientation to 2015 VI.The layout of the capstone project report: Besides the contents, list of abbreviations, list of tables, drawings, introduction, conclusion, reference list, appendix, the content of the essay is divided into three major chapters: + Chapter I General theory of business strategy of the enterprise Page + Chapter II Analysis decisive factors of the Vietnam Post and Telecommunications Group + Chapter III: Propose business strategies for VNPT’s development in the period of 2011-2015 and implementation solutions Page CHAPTER I GENERAL THEORY OF BUSINESS STRATEGIES I Concept, characteristics and the role of business strategy in the enterprise: I.1 The concept of business strategy: Economists and researchers are more and more interested in business strategy and have come up with many definitions of the term "business strategy" Each definition has its own characteristics depending on the perspective of each author Author Glueci supposed that "Strategy is a plan of uniformity, comprehensiveness, and synthesis, designed to ensure that the objectives of the business will be done." According to General Arlleret: "Strategy is the goal determination and measures taken to reach the goals through the policies” Other authors such as M Porter and Alain Threlart consider business strategy as the art of competition on the market and achieving business development With Chandler, "Strategy is to identify the goals and objectives of the longterm business and to apply a series of actions as well as the allocation of resources needed to achieve these objectives" However, to sum up, strategy is a system of long-term goals, policies and measures on the organization, business, finance, human resources in order to reach the business goals pointed out From these different ideas above, the concept of business strategy which is supported by many authors are: "Strategy is a series of actions to mobilize resources to achieve a certain purpose" Page CONCLUSION Building business strategy for Posts and Telecommunications Group of Vietnam is a big, complicated task and existing new contents In trends in integration and competition, the construction of business strategies is becoming more important and urgent For VNPT, an economic technology group of large-scale, with a mission to serve both business and services with many areas of operation across the country and in the world, so it’s really important to build a appropriate business strategy Research process to make this capstone project report, group has no ambition to go further into the arguments about the strategic areas of activities of the Group to make a overall strategy As it is an extremely difficult work, requiring general skills of analysis and a suitable duration; it requires to study issues related deeply and precisely That was the expectation of our group in the future when conditions for research, study and work permit For such reasons, the project focuses on the main contents directly related to the construction of general business strategy of Vietnam Posts and Telecommunications Corporation Subjects have solved a number of the following issues: Systematize a number of theoretical basics of strategy and building strategy; Using theory, analysis in the basic factors, from which propose strategic direction for the Vietnam Post and Telecommunications Corporation in the period from 2011 to 2015 To build and improve this capstone project report, the five groups would like to give sincere thanks to the teachers, friends and colleagues working at VNPT has allotted us more time to exchange, to provide documents and information concerned Due to time and ability limitation, our capstone project report is unavoidable to have some deficiencies We hope to receive suggestions of the Master teacher, the teacher in the Security Council masters of International Master Business Page 104 Administration, the leaders, managers and colleagues of VNPT to give supplement to complete our capstone project report Page 105 LIST OF REFERENCE “Strategic Business” by Nguyen Van Nghien (2005), Education postgraduate training program “Strategic Management of competition development position” by Nguyen Huu Lam (1998), Educational Publisher “Strategy and business policy” by Nguyen Tan Phuoc statistics publisher; 1996 “Management business science” by Do Van Phuc (2005),, science and technical publishers “Personnel management in industrial production” by Do Van Phuc (2004), science and technical publishers “The process of strategic management” by Le Van Tam (2000), Statistics Publisher “Strategic management” by Le The Gioi (2009), Statistic publisher, Ha noi “Business strategy and planning of enterprises” by Phan Thi Ngoc Thuan (2005), science and technical publishers GaMBA (2009), Strategic management lecture 10 “Socio-economic Data of 61 provinces and cities” by GSO (1999), Statistics Publisher 11 Commercial Law 12 Law on information technology 13 Telecommunications Ordinance 14 Decree No 199/2004/ND-CP dated December 3, 2004 the Government issued regulations on financial management of state-owned companies and management of state-owned capital invested in other enterprises 15 Decree No 31/2005/ND-CP dated March 11, 2005 of the Government on producing and delivery products and services public Page 106 16 Decree No 95/2006/ND-CP dated August 9, 2006 by the Government to convert SOEs into limited liability company member 17 Decision No 249/QD-TTg, dated 01/8/1995 of the Prime Minister to establish the General Post and Telecommunications Corporation of Vietnam 18 Decision No 06/2006/QD-TTg, dated 09/1/2006 of the Prime Minister to establish parent company - the Post and Telecommunications Corporation of Vietnam 19 Decision No 265/2006/QD-TTg, 17/11/2006 of the Prime Minister approving the Charter on organization and activities of Post and Telecommunications Corporation of Vietnam 20 Ministry of Post and Telecommunications: development planning of Vietnam Post and Telecommunications in 2010 and orientation to 2020; 21 Telecommunications Corporation in Vietnam: Development Plan postal and telecommunication five years 2006-2010 22 Report on the work of the VNPT from 2001 to 2007; 23 Vietnam Telecommunications Report Quarter I, II, III in 2008 (Center for Information and Public Relations VNPT) 24 Reference for leaders of Post and Telecommunications Corporation of Vietnam 25 Websites of VNPT Page 107 APPENDIX APPENDIX 1: SOME MAJOR CRITERIA IN THE YEAR DEVELOPMENT PLAN 2006 -2010 OF THE VIETNAM POSTS AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS GROUP Total turnover of the Group in the stage of the 2006 - 2010: 270,000 billion VND, the average growth rate of 10.7% per year, project in 2010 the revenue of the Group reache 75,000 billion VND Total profit before tax of this period is 74,350 billion, the average growth rate of 8.6% per year The 2010 revenue is estimated to achieve 17,610 billion Total budget contribution of the period is estimated to achieve 33,500 billion VND, the average growth rate of 9.4% per year In 2010, budget contribution proposed to be 8010 billion (only the budget contribution target, not include the impact of equitization of Vinaphone and Mobilephone companies) Labor productivity increase at least 5-7% per year Total investment in the period is 63,000 billion Development the advanced and wide spread networks, till the end of 2010 there are post office in most of the town 100% of traditional level I mail and 80% of the level II letters are car specialized Striving to develop a new 40 million telephones, of which 12 million are fixed telephone, 28 million are mobile telephone By 2010, total Internet subscribers is estimated to be approximately 6.3 million, in which mainly are broadband subscriber, average growth rate of 32.2%, accounts for 30% of the market share Focus on developing the broadband services The average growth rate of annual output: normal mail service: 10-15%, domestic parcel services: 15%, international mail services: 10-15%, international parcel services: 15%, traditional money transfer services: 12-15%, international money transfer services: 5%, press release services is maintained and developed on the annual average of 6% per year; stamp service: 10% per year Letter output per capita in 2010: units / person / year; press release output in 2010: sheets, Page 108 book / person / year Traditional postal services accounts for 80% of the market share, International express mail service EMS accounting for 25%, domestic EMS accounting for 75%, press release service constitute accounting for 30% of the market share Focus on developing the key services: mobile services, broadband services, multimedia services, long-distance fixed telephone inter-provincial telephone, and prepaid services basing on the new NGN platform Page 109 APPENDIX 2: REPORT ON ASSESSMENT BUSINESS RESULT IN 2008 PLAN FOR 2009 I ASSESSMENT OF WORK IN 2008 Most of economic indicators are completed and achieved high growth rates compared to 2007 - Total revenue generated reached: 55,466 billion VND (equivalent to 3.2 billion USD), achieving 100.84% of the plan, increasing 19.04% compared to 2007 In particular, revenue generated by VNPT was VND 50,576 billion, reaching 100.82% of the plan; the other of the revenue generated by VNPOST reached 4890 billion, reaching 101.07% of the plan - Develop of 21,789 thousand new telephones, achieving 134.49% of the plan, increasing 126.65% compared to 2007 (of which over 93% is mobile subscribers) - The number of MegaVNN new subscribers was 588,000, reaching 94.38% of the plan, up 14.31% compared to 2007 - The total profit was 11,752 billion, reaching 85.93% of the plan - The total value of budget contribution: 6810 billion, exceeding 1.49% of the plan - Labor Productivity is calculated on revenue was 708.387 million / year (longterm employees), increased by 19% compared to 2007 PLAN FOR 2009 I.1.1.1.1 I OBJECTIVES, MISSION FOCUS: Complete most of the targets of 5-year plan of 2006-2010 Strive to complete the objectives in 2009: Revenue generated: 60.000 billion, increasing 8.17% compared with 2008; Develop 15.354 million new telephone subscribers (including million of Gphone subscribers) equivalent to 70.47% compared to 2008; one million Mega VNN subscribers, up to 69.96% compared to 2008; Total profit: 12,373 billion, increasing 5.29% compared with 2008; Budget submission: 6,000 billion, with 88.11% compared with 2008; Page 110 DISTRIBUTION NETWORKS, POSTAL, TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND INTERNET SERVICES BUSINESS RESULTS IN 2008 Network, telecommunications and Internet services: a) Network:s - International Telecommunications: having a stable operation International telecommunication using volume increased significantly, especially on the way back 171 VoIP increased of 316% and IDD of 49% compared to the same period in 2007 Having installed additional memory card to increase the memory for all three of GW stations, further expanding the central port of the GW Da Nang with the 48E1/C7 GW stations The separation of the whole system of VoIP from AXE105 switchboard has liberated some high port design and especially, reduce the declaration for VoIP in the operator, reducing the overload for the operator - Domestic telecommunications: + Inter-provincial telecommunications network: The switches network has Toll 07 operator in Hanoi, Da Nang, Ho Chi Minh City and Can Tho + NGN System: Backbone system with 02 Softswitch Network pannel, 03 devices was upgraded from M160 to M320 Core Router at centers of 1, 2, Network access includes 60 BRAS / MSS directly connecting to the backbone network, increase 12 BRAS compared to 2007 Have completed the test and interconnection NGN phase early in 2008, the total current E1 ports use / equip the connection between MG / NGN with the direction is 3824/7694E1 + Telecommunication network in provinces and cities: implementation the interconnection of 14 Host stations.Total installed capacity is of 12,179,128 subcribers, there are 9,237,570 of which used Total length of VNPT’s optical cable routes within the province all over the country today is 42,612 km, increasing over 6711 km compared to 2007 + Vinaphone network: Having total 138 BSC, 6117 BTS (including TT1: BTS 2413, TT2: BTS 2386, TT3: BTS 1318 Having officially exploited the roaming services with 185 partners over 76 countries, and official exploited the GPRS Page 111 roaming service with 74 partner over 39 countries In 2008, the Group has issued the regulation on solving troubleshooting with BTS infrastructure of Vinaphone network to enhance network quality, service quality Having conducted the Telecommunications in provinces and cities to closely coordinate with Vinaphone to find remedial measures to reduce loss of contact lasting of the BTS + VMS Network: In this year, having completed the interconnection or new operators in HNI, HCM, TGG, CTO, DNG, HPG In the whole network, there is 176 BSC, BTS 7290 The capacity of the SMSC is 5.034K Having exploited the roaming services with 151 partners over 67 countries, and GPRS roaming service with 35 partners over 35 countries + Data network transmission and Internet: total capacity of international bandwidth of Frame Relay network is 43Mbps, connecting to 04 international orientation: Hong Kong, Singapore, Japan, Taiwan VPN services grew well in 2008, total international bandwidth capacity to reach 731Mbps International internet: Total capacity of 31 Gbps (HNI: 6.22 Gbps, HCM: 8.87 Gbps, DNG: 3.74 Gbps) In particular, the main connection directions: China: 04 STM1 and 1xSTM16; Japan: 04 STM1; Singapore: 16 STM1; America: 04 STM1 and 4xSTM16; Hong Kong: 16 STM1, 6xSTM16, 1xSTM4; South Korea: 01 STM1 There are also some Peering connection to Taiwan, Malaysia, the United States b) Service: - Broadband internet service Mega VNN: The Group has projected to expand the xDSL network adding the DSLAM equipment for the telecommunications in province and cities, to meet development of subscribers Mega Wan services have met the demand to connect IP-VPN service channel serving the requirement for specialized IP network of the Party and others big customers such as Ministry of Finance, Bank of Investment and Development, the Mekong River Delta Bank ( MHB), VP Bank, Hanoi Securities centers Also the Group also coordinates with foreign partners such as British Telecom to provide services - GPhone services: In year, the corporation has distributed to its units 1.11 million GPhone devices Total subscribers over the network GPhone is 1,181,903 Page 112 In which the number of subscribers growing from the beginning of the year was1,119,447 reached 157.45% of the plan Because of good solutions for advertising, marketing, customer care and effectively using support policies in the enjoyment of public telecommunications fund, many units have exceeded the plan assigned, typically Telecommunications in Thanh Hoa, Thai Binh, Lao Cai, Phu Tho, Nghe An, Tuyen Quang, Vinh Phuc The number of machines in store was only 30,000 machines of Gphone LinkTop, which is only enough supply to customers from now until New Year Year - The Cityphone: The number of subcribers significantly reduced due to the fact that the quality of the Cityphone network is not high, and partly because of mobile charges in the recent years has greatly reduced and there are continuous promotion for the subcribers - Messaging service on fixed networks (FSMS) has been officially put into operation from August 15, 2007 In general, the system works stablely Currently, there hasn’t been many source providing fixed terminals messaging devices, the price is expensive, the mobile networks continued giving promotional messaging charges so the service development is limited c) The management and connection with other businesses: - In 2008, VNPT held negotiation and sign a contract of technical support services with Nokia Siemens Network, Alcatel-Lucent, NEC and LG-Nortel in the long-term contract of 2-3 years This service helps to reduce cost, shorten the time and limited interruptions in service supply between contracts The implementation of technical assistance contracts with partners is one of the most important method to improve the network and service quality to minimize information problems on the network The partners have effectively supported VNPT in conducting the changing the fixed telephone number in the area of 55 telecommunication provinces and cities Promulgated guidelines on implementing the 3-year technical support contract between VNPT and NEC / VINECO; Technical support contract of two years between VNPT and Nokia Siemens Network; three years between VNPT and LG-NORTEL; 03 years between VNPT and Ericsson - About the negotiations and connection with other enterprises: The Group has guaranteed the right of connection time and capacity committed in the contract Page 113 Implementing VoIP connectivity services, mobile services, fixed services, Internet services with some businesses Specifically, VIETTEL: connect 4887E1, increase 2155E1 compared to 2007 EVNTelecom: connect 1448E1, increase 246E1 compared to 2007 SPT: connect 510E1, increase 48E1 compared to 2007 Hanoi Telecom: connect 86E1, decrease 81E1 compared to 2007 VTC: connect 134E1, increase 86E1 compared to 2007 Networks and postal services: In 2008 activities of the Postal network was not stable and is being rearranged for reasonable efficiency As follows: - There are 18,554 points of service (post offices, postal outlets, kiosks, point-VHX BD) and 14,763 public letters Radius for average service points is (2.39 km / points) serving average population of (4380 persons / points) - Web mining network includes: three post offices of international mining, post offices to exploit inter-provincial, 64 post offices exploitation level I and 584 post offices exploitation level II, and there are total of 659 post offices - Transportation network includes: 92 road international mail, 53 road letter grade I, II secondary road 339 and three secondary road 4721, and total of 5205 street directory - Network play includes: 2287 online play in cities, towns, townships and 9005 online play in communes, and total of 11,292 online In general, the network of Post has a larger-scale network than the public network as provided in Decision No 50/2008/QD-BTTTT by the Ministry of Information and Communication with wide coverage, the criteria is far more than the provisions of the State as the target of population for each average point service, average service radius However, maintaining such a large scale network is currently a major challenge due to the cost of operation maintenanceis very high, while revenues are limited, especially in the cultural post offices in communes or three-level post offices The investment and construction: Total investment planned is 31,335 billion, the value of investment made is 16,885 billion In the year, Mobiphone network has completed the installation of Page 114 3510 BTS, is implementing procurement 4449 BTS, the total number of stations is 7385 BTS Vinaphone has bought 5678 BTS, installing 2600 stations, connecting 2300 of the network stations, the total number of stations is 6001 BTS Purchase and installation 1.774K IP DSLAM port, and put to use 1.356K port; buy 470K MSAN ports, 162 small capacity gates, has installed and put into use 470K gates To prepare deploying 3G networks, Board of Directors has approved the project to upgrade to GPRS to 5.600K, 02 project for node B radio equipment and upgrade and expand MSC to Softswitch for Vinaphone; approved the system upgrade project of GPRS to 8.000K, upgrade 05MSC upto Softswitch network for Mobilephone Successfully launched Vinasat-1 satellite into orbit of 132 degrees East; receiving satellite handover from the contractor and delivered from Martin Lookheed contractors and assigned the VTI company to manage and exploit Joint ventures and joint-stock companies: - The activities of joint-stock companies in 2008 is relatively stable, most of the units gain their profit but not a high rate Up to December 31, 2008, the corporation has made capital investments in 87 joint-stock companies with a total value of capital contributions of 2280.75 billion, in which handed over to the Postal Corporation of Vietnam 324.16 billion Total investment capital remained of the Group at 31/12/2008 was 1956.6 billion There were 50 units made stock dividend with the total dividend divided of 254.72 billion, including units in the banking sector was 62.96 billion, the financial sector is 6.48 billion, the rest mainly from equitization units The new units are in its stable operation and haven’t made stock dividend - Sales of the whole industry is expected to reach approximately 5730 billion, down 18% compared to 2007; of the 20 industrial units, nine units have achieved the annual plan by 65% -95%, with units over the plan and reach about 120% Exported some hardware products such as computer terminals, optical cables, software worth about 82 billion, down 8% compared with 2007 The industrial development projects was implemented rapidly, completed six projects with the total capital of 200 billion, other projects are putting into implementation, continuing to develop new products, new services provide on the network, and in 2008 launched its 12 new products Page 115 5.Adminiatrative unit: In 2008 each business unit had it good operating results as plan assigned Except for the academy, because of the organizational models change, completion the plan and tasks assigned was slower than the previous years The High School Telecommunications and Information Technology Group continued to be delivered stable funding and is expected to their balance revenues and expenditures in 2012 Total sales of services career in 2008 was approximately 168 billion, reaching 117.48% of the plan, increasing 20.3% compared to 2007 Page 116 APPENDIX 3: BUSINESS RESULTS OF THE FIRST SIX MONTHS IN 2008 OF THE CENTRAL ENTERPRISES The central enterprise National Oil and Gas Turnover Plan Compared to Profit Plan Budget (thousand completion previous year before completion contribution billion) (%) (%) tax (%) (thousand (thousand billion) billion) 144,26 77 Vietnam Electricity 27,777 170,5 25,2 47,8 53,5 118,02 0,47 58 1,449 Post and 23,706 Telecommunications 44,63 115,6 6,225 49,8 3,017 Coal and Mineral Industry 15,405 59 139 1,55 51 2,39 Shipbuilding industry 15,405 79 240,82 0,375 57,24 0,263 Textile-garment 10,744 50 106,8 0,187 29 0,136 Rubber Industry 5,153 42,9 111,2 1,844 63,5 0,575 The Southern Food 16,201 General companies 66,48 471,31 0,636 202 0,243 The Northern Food 9,715 General companies 106,5 172,2 0,334 Chemicals 13,959 78 163 0,732 63 0,39 Steel 14,113 94,1 162,3 0,507 507 0,438 Airline 12,099 52,37 128 - 0,083 - 22 0,055 Maritime 10,124 60 165 0,8 84 0,463 Cement Industry 8,837 61 126,9 0,615 Vietnam Tobacco 8,687 51,02 123,08 0,377 0,147 0,518 55,71 1,828 Page 117 Papers 2,683 51,04 139 0,1 52,94 0,062 Railways 3,445 47,9 122,4 0,02 28,6 0,262 Total 355,290 40,048 65,856 Page 118