EXTRA EXERCISES NNCN CNTT k12

ENGLISH FOR COMPUTER LEARNER REVISION (DHTC CNTT K14) FURTHER EXERCISES Fill in the gaps by choosing the appropriate word The basic function of a computer is ……… information a) to switch b) to keep c) to process A computer can carry out arithmetic-logical operations …… a) quickly b) instantaneously c) during some minutes Computers have become ……… in homes, offices, research institutes a) commonwealth b) commonplace c) common room Space ……… uses computers widely a) information b) production c) exploration Computers are used for image ……… a) processing b) operating c) producing Computers help in ………of economy a) environment b) management c) government Air traffic control depends on computer - ……… information a) generated b) instructed c) combined The computer is: a) An electric machine b) An electronic machine c) A racing machine d) An ambulance machine The software is: a) Information in the form of data and programs b) A gallery of pictures c) A musical performance d) Selected stories 10 The CPU is: a) The "stomach" of the computer b) The "lever" of the computer c) The "eyes" of the computer d) The "brain" of the computer 11 The peripherals are: a) Physical units attached to computer b) Physical units attached to airplanes c) Physical units attached to cars d) Physical units attached to irons 12 What is RAM? a) Random Access Memory b) Read American Memory c) Read Apple Memory d) Read Advanced Memory Complete the following: A Which of the terms in the box are defined below? technology for people with disabilities a program that reads aloud onscreen text menus and icons navigation system the artificial environment of the video games virtual reality GPS (Global Positioning System) wireless network assistive technology DVD recorder screen reader HMD (head-mounted display) B Complete these sentences with words from the box above (there are some extra terms) The …… is a piece of software that interfaces with your PC and allows you, via keyboard commands, to get any text information read to you in synthetic speech 2 A …… , as popularized by virtual reality, lets the user immerse him/herself in a synthetically generated environment An …… is a touch-sensitive device where a special pen or your finger can act as a mouse Tony Adams is now the proud owner of a dark silver Vogue, complete with leather interior, navigation, and a …… with LCD TV screens The upgraded …… at my university is great: we can connect our laptops, PDAs and Wi-Fi cell phones to the network anywhere in the campus Communication is becoming easier and easier Put the proper words into sentences computer networks info computer literate routine boring repetitive tasks accuracy to come to terms with (2) quantities Society is heading in the direction of ………… majority Computer programs now can integrate text, ……… data and graphs The source of is the computer It is difficult for some people to ………… the speed of change in the modern world Any which people find ………… and tiring can now be carried out by machines Computers give us speed, ……………., scope, quality, flexibility, large capacity, elimination of the …………… and increased efficiency We need to ……………… with expanding computer technology and adjust our vision to a whole new world As more and more people are linked by ………… , how soon will it be before the paperless office becomes a reality? Complete the text with the nouns in the box to form appropriate noun phrases There are two nouns that you not need to use century fame key life information nonsense technology time With the development of (1) ……………… in recent years, the way of (2) ……………… for a great number of people has changed beyond recognition Because of increased speed in the transfer of (3) ………………., news and ideas travel around the world in seconds Whatever we want to know is available at the touch of a (4) ……………… Not long after the turn of the (5) ………………., scientists expect us to have computers which are so small and powerful that they will fit into our pockets Because of this, some believe that newspapers and books will become a waste of (6) ………………., as we will have all the information we need through our personal computers Match the terms with the appropriate explanation or definition The brain of the computer Physical pairs that make up a computer system Programs which can be used on a particular computer system The information which is presented to the computer Results produced by a computer Hardware equipment attached to the CPU Visual display unit Small device used to store information Same as 'diskette' Any socket or channel in a computer system into which an input/output device may be connected a software b peripheral devices с monitor d floppy disk e hardware f input g port h output i CPU j CD/DVD drive k speaker l modem 10 A device used to produce voice output and play back music 11 A mechanism that reads and/or writes to optical discs 12 A device that converts data so that it can travel over the Internet Match each component in column with its function and label the diagram of a computer system using these terms: Storage device Input device Output device Main memory Processor a It displays the processed data b It holds the programs and data being used by the processor с It does all the processing and controls the peripherals d It allows data to be entered e It provides permanent storage for programs and data Complete this customer review from a website with the words from the box perform word processor online download digital built-in store personal monitor The best professional laptop on the market I bought a new MacBook Pro last month, and I’ve been very happy with it so far The Intel Core Duo processor is a real bonus, allowing the computer to (1)…….… tasks faster than earlier MacBook models; the 160GB hard drive is large enough to (2)…….… all of my music, photos and videos; and I didn’t even need to buy an external (3)…… … – the widescreen 17” display is easy to look at, even for long periods of time Another great feature is the (4)…… … iSight camera; it can be used for webchats, to make video podcasts, or even just to take (5)…… … photos Software updates are easy, too: if you’re (6)………… – just surfing the Web or checking email – and an update becomes available, a box appears asking if you want to (7)………… the update You just click OK, and it’s done I don’t even have to worry about security either Every time I transmit (8)………… from my computer on the Internet, Apple’s Safari web browser protects my (9)………… information, such as bank details and credit card numbers, using a firewall The only criticism I have is the lack of a good (10)…………., such as Microsoft Word I had to buy a copy of Microsoft Office 2008 in the end, which cost an extra £99.95 – and that’s with a student discount! Choose the correct option Which is true? a a mainframe computer is less powerful than a minicomputer b a mainframe is more powerful than a minicomputer Mainframe computers are used by: a executives and businessmen b large organizations that need to process enormous amounts of data 'Multi-tasking' means: a doing a number of tasks at the same time b access to a minicomputer through terminals The most suitable computers for home use are a minicomputers b desktop PCs Handheld computers are a small enough to fit into the palm of one hand b bigger than laptops Fill in the gaps palmtop computer, mainframe computer, handheld computer, portable computer, laptop computer, minicomputer, microcomputer, desktop computer, subnotebook, notebook There are different types of computers The largest and the most powerful are 1…… 2…… are smaller than 3…… but are still very powerful 4…… are small enough to sit on a desk 5…… are very small The largest 6…… is a 7…… Smaller 8…… , about the size of a piece of writing paper, are called 9…… 10……… are smaller than 11………, you can hold them in one hand They are called 12…… or 13…… 10 Match these descriptions with the names of keys arrow keys return caps lock shift tab escape space bar backspace alt A long key at the bottom of the keyboard Each time it is pressed, it produces a blank space It moves the cursor to the beginning of a new line It is also used to confirm commands It stops a program without losing the information from the main memory Sometimes its use depends on the applications It works in combination with other keys to produce special characters or specific actions It removes the character to the left of the cursor or any selected text It produces UPPER-CASE characters (or the upper-case character of the key) It produces upper-case letters, but it does not affect numbers and symbols It moves the cursor horizontally to the right for a fixed number of spaces (in tabulations and data fields) They are used to move the cursor, as an alternative to the mouse 11 Read this passage about a computer mouse Fill in the gaps with verbs from the box click double-click drag grab select move control A mouse allows you to (1) … the cursor and move around the screen very quickly Making the same movements with the arrow keys on the keyboard would take much longer As you (2) …… the mouse on your desk, the pointer on the screen moves in the same direction The pointer usually looks like an I-bar, an arrow or a pointing hand, depending on what you are doing A mouse has one or more buttons to communicate with the computer For example, if you want to place the insertion point or choose a menu option, you just (3) … (press and release) on the mouse button, and the option is chosen The mouse is used to (4) …… text and items on the screen You can highlight text to be deleted, or you can select an item from a check-box or questionnaire The mouse is widely used in graphics and design When you want to move an image, you position the pointer on the object you want to move, press the mouse button, and (5) … the image to a new location on the screen Similarly, the mouse is used to change the shape of a graphic object For example, if you want to convert a square into a rectangle, you (6) …… one corner of the square and stretch it into a rectangle The mouse is also used to start a program or open a document: you put the pointer on the file name and (7) … on the name - that is, you rapidly press and release the mouse button twice 12 Read the text and complete the following: Input devices such as scanners and cameras allow you to capture and copy images into a computer A scanner is a peripheral that reads images and converts them into electronic codes which can be understood by a computer An optical scanner uses light-sensing equipment to convert images such as a picture or text into a digital data that can be manipulated by a computer For example, a photo can be scanned into a computer and then included in a text document created on that computer There are different types: A flatbed (desktop) scanner is built like a photocopier and is for use on a desktop; it can capture text, colour images and even small 3D objects A flatbed scanner is usually composed of a glass pane (or platen), under which there is a bright light which illuminates the pane Images to be scanned are placed face down on the glass, an opaque cover is lowered over it to exclude ambient light, and the sensor array and light source move across the pane, reading the entire area An image is therefore visible to the detector only because of the light it reflects A film scanner is used to scan film negatives or 35 mm slides - pictures on photographic film, mounted in a frame Hand held scanners are small manual devices that are passed manually across the surface of the image to be scanned Scanning in this manner requires a steady hand, as an uneven scanning rate would produce distorted images The use of hand held scanners remains popular for many applications, including industrial design, reverse engineering, inspection & analysis, digital manufacturing and medical applications Barcode scanners read barcodes on the products sold in shops and send the price to the computer in the cash register Barcodes consist of a series of black and white stripes used to give products a unique identification number They are used to identify items for stock control and pricing A pen scanner looks like a pen; you can scan text, figures, barcodes and handwritten numbers The resolution of a scanner is measured in dpi or dots per inch For example, a 1,200 dpi scanner gives clearer, more detailed images than a 300 dpi scanner Most scanners come with Optical Character Recognition software OCR allows you to scan pages of text and save them into your word processor; they can then be edited A Fill ONE word into each gap Scanners and cameras are … … devices used to transfer images into a format that can be understood by computers A ….… lets you copy photos and printed documents into your PC It has become one of life’s most familiar sounds – the beep of the supermarket till whenever a … is scanned If you need to scan 35mm ….… you should go for a dedicated 35mm film scanner which concentrates all its dots into a tiny area This scanner has a resolution of 300 x 600 ….… A ….… scanner is small enough to hold in your hand A ….… scanner is used to capture lines of text, barcodes and numbers Most digital cameras use flash …… cards to store photos …… scanners have a flat surface and take at least A4-sized documents 10 To scan photographic negatives or slides you will need a …… scanner B Complete the puzzle with words 13 Match each term in column A with the correct definition in column B One: A: B: phosphors a the frequency at which a monitor renews its image, measured in Hz LCD screen b a flat-panel display which works by emitting light through a special liquid pixel с the space between a display’s pixels dot pitch d the smallest element in a displayed image refresh rate e materials that emit light and produce colours when they are activated by an electron beam Two: A: B: CPU a) performs the processing operations; CU b) carries out logical comparisons of storage; ALU с) executes basic arithmetic functions; accumulator d) coordinates the operation of the whole system; clock e) selects data from memory; counter f) produces electronic marks at regular intervals; register g) controls the flow between the primary storage and the arithmeticlogical unit; decoder h) keeps the instruction while it is being performed; comparer i) holds the results of processing operations; 10 adder j) breaks the instructions into separate commands Three: pixel bit bit-mapped display primary colours palette a The menu of colours available on a graphics system; its size depends on the hardware b Red, green and blue (RGB) in computers c It is the smallest element of a display surface d A display on the screen which corresponds, pixel by pixel, with bits stored in memory cells e It is the acronym for ‘binary digit’ - one of the digits (0 and 1) used in binary notation 14 Complete these definitions by inserting terms from the box chip buses central processing unit clock speed control unit The …… , or CPU, is like a ’brain’ which performs tasks for your computer The CPU is built into a single …… that executes program instructions and coordinates activities within the system The …… is the part of the processor which is responsible for loading and interpreting the individual instructions that make up a computer program …… is measured in gigahertz; for example, a processor running at 4Ghz would give you all the performance you need to run most applications …… are electrical channels that allow devices inside the computer to communicate 15 Decide if the sentences are true (T) or false (F), and correct the false ones RAM stands for Random Access Memory If memory is volatile, it means that information is lost when the computer is turned off RAM is non-volatile ROM is volatile DIMMs can be used to expand RAM capacity The CPU directs and coordinates the activities taking place within the computer system The arithmetic logic unit performs calculations on the data 32-bit processors can handle more information than 64-bit processors RAM, ROM and secondary storage are the components of the main memory A chip is an electronic device made of silicon elements containing a set of integrated circuits 10 Information cannot be processed by the microprocessor if it is not loaded into the main memory 11 Permanent' storage of information is provided by RAM (random access memory) 12 The speed of the microprocessor is measured in gigahertz or megahertz 13 One GHz is equivalent to one thousand MHz 14 One MHz is equivalent to one million cycles per second 16 Read and complete the following BASIC and Pascal, like all other programming languages, both contain a vocabulary of about a hundred or so words and symbols and a well-defined strict 'grammar' which governs how they are used Both languages were originally designed for teaching computing and both are good choices for ginners, though in different ways BASIC is much easier to get started with, due to its language design and partly due to the very interactive way it is usually implemented Pascal, on the other hand, is a bit slower to get into It requires more knowledge both the language and the computer itself The Pascal program to add 230 and 420 and print the answer is four lines long BASIC is a superior language in terms of the ease of getting started, for small programs, and for trial-and-error editing However, BASIC becomes hard to read and follow as the program grows in size and complexity Pascal programmers are several times faster at making changes and corrections to larger programs than are programmers using unstructured languages such as BASIC Pascal is a relatively new programming language and benefits from a lot of thinking that went on among computer scientists in the 1960s It is a model of modern thinking about programming languages and structured programming Since this is a small problem the program code in BASIC provides a quick and easy solution When comparing BASIC and Pascal, this considers the following simple rule If the program is small enough to fit on the screen then use BASIC; if it's bigger or is going to get bigger then use Pascal Copy and complete the following statements a All programming languages contain about a hundred or so………….and symbols b…………….is an unstructured language c Pascal is………… at making changes and corrections than BASIC d All programming languages have a well-defined and strict…………… e…………are items of data which may change f Operators are used to indicate actions to change the……………… g…………are items of data which not change h Program modules are called…………… i A sequence is an example of a……………….structure A guarded loop is used as a control structure in the name problem List the commands used for this structure in: a the Pascal solution b the BASIC solution Which algorithm form resembles the Pascal programming language? List the variables used in the Pascal solution of the name problem What are the input statements used in: a the Pascal solution? b the BASIC solution? Why is BASIC a good language to teach programming? Why is Pascal a good language to teach programming? 16 Read the text and complete the following Information systems need software which is able to receive, store and process data, and then give back information which is appropriate and useful There are three common types of software used in information systems: word processor spreadsheets and database management systems WORD PROCESSORS Word processor is a software package whose purpose is to allow you to write e user is able to write letters, reports, assignments, articles or books, and quickly and efficiently It forms part of an information system since data can retrieved, altered and printed out in a variety of ways to meet the user's requirements Word processors are tools which manipulate data as text to provide information to users There are three advantages word processors have over other methods of writing They are: Ease of editing text-mistakes can be corrected before printing; text can be moved and copied Variety of print including normal, italics, enlarged, boldface, underline, superscript, subscript and specialised fonts Ease of storage text can be stored on a disk and retrieved as required, transmitted to other word processors or used, to create mailing lists SPREADSHEETS Spreadsheets allow data requiring mathematical calculations to be organised and stored in a row and column format They let you plan a budget, calculate loan repayments, keep track of income and expenses, and perform countless other activities dealing with numbers A spreadsheet forms part of an information system since data is stored, and then processed and organised as information to the user There are five advantages of using an electronic rather than a manual spreadsheet They are: Calculations - performed quickly and accurately Editing data - allows mistakes to be corrected before printing; data can also be moved and copied Recalculation - if data such as a number is changed, then all other numbers which depend on that number are recalculated This allows the user to make predictions and helps decision making Storage - data can be easily stored on disk or tape, and retrieved when required Reports - data Gm be presented, often graphically, in many different ways using all or part of the spreadsheet DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Databases are a way of organising and storing data and have been used for hundreds of years They form part of an information system since data is stored, and then processed and organised as information to the user In recent years computerised databases have been developed Their three main advantages over manual systems are: Speed - computers are ideal tools for searching a large amount of data quickly and accurately A computerised database allows cross-referencing, a feature which is very complicated on paper databases Revising data - computer databases can be updated without having to retype all the information A huge amount of information can be stored on disks, revised and arranged when appropriate Flexibility - a database can divide the data into sections for particular applications Databases can be classified into two broad categories: closed databases and empty databases Prepared or closed databases are databases which contain information about specific subject The information can be accessed and read, but cannot be altered Since computers can search for large amounts of data quickly and accurately, information is placed into a database instead of a book Empty or flexible databases are databases which allow data to be entered or altered and are usually referred to as database management systems (DBMS) That is, the user decides on the topic and the type of information to be stored Write down whether the following statements are true or false a Databases allow data requiring mathematical calculations to be organised and stored in a row and column format b Word processors allow mistakes to be corrected before printing c Recalculations on spreadsheets allow the user to make informed decisions d Cross-referencing does not allow databases to search for data quickly and accurately e A software package whose purpose is to allow you to write is called a spreadsheet f Database management systems allow data to be entered or altered g Spreadsheets can be used to keep track of income and expenses h Information systems in the microcomputer environment are often considered to insist of word processing, spreadsheets and database packages a Start up a word processing program b Type in the following text The amount of information now being produced is so great that it has been called an 'information explosion' Many businesses and governments have problems coping with the quantity of information they produce For example, the printed output from a typical mainframe in business is about 1000 kilometres of paper per year c Create a new paragraph after the first sentence d Move the second paragraph up to become the first paragraph e Find and replace these words 'quantity' with 'amount' 'great' with 'vast' f Save this document with the filename of INFOMAT Create a spreadsheet of music sales using the following table