CHUYEN DE trọng âm, đảo ngữ

QUY TẮC TRỌNG ÂM Quy tắc nhấn trọng âm tiếng Anh Nắm quy tắc đơn giản sau để sử dụng trọng âm tiếng Anh Dấu hiệu nhận biết từ nhấn trọng âm 1) Trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất: Hầu hết danh từ tính từ có âm tiết trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ Ví dụ: Danh từ: PREsent, EXport, CHIna, TAble • Tính từ: PREsent, SLENder, CLEver, HAPpy • Đối với động từ âm tiết thứ chứa ngun âm ngắn kết thúc khơng nhiều phụ âm trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ Ví dụ: ENter, TRAvel, Open • Các động từ có âm tiết cuối chứa ow trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu Ví dụ: FOllow, BOrrow • Các động từ âm tiết có âm tiết cuối chưa ngun âm dài ngun âm đơi kết thúc nhiều phụ âm âm tiết đầu nhận trọng âm Ví dụ: PAradise, EXercise 2) Trọng âm vào âm tiết thứ hai • Hầu hết động từ có âm tiết trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ Ví dụ: to preSENT, to exPORT, to deCIDE, to beGIN • Nếu âm tiết thứ chứa ngun âm dài, ngun âm đơi kết thúc với nhiều phụ âm âm tiết nhận trọng âm Ví dụ: proVIDE, proTEST, aGREE • Đối với động từ âm tiết quy tắc sau: Nếu âm tiết cuối chứa ngun âm ngắn kết thúc khơng nhiều ngun âm âm tiết thứ nhận trọng âm Ví dụ: deTERmine, reMEMber, enCOUNter 3) Trọng âm rơi vào âm thứ tính từ lên: Những từ có tận –ic, -sion, tion trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ tính từ lên Ví dụ: • Những từ có tận –ic: GRAphic, geoGRAphic, geoLOgic • Những từ có tận -sion, tion: suggestion, reveLAtion • Ngoại lệ: TElevision có trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 4) Trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ từ lên • Các từ tận –ce, -cy, -ty, -phy, –gy trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ từ lên: Ví dụ: deMOcracy, dependaBIlity, phoTOgraphy, geOLogy • Các từ tận –ical có trọng âm rơi váo âm tiết thứ tính từ lên Ví dụ: CRItical, geoLOgical 5) Từ ghép (từ có phần) • Đối với danh từ ghép trọng âm rơi vào phần đầu: BLACKbird, GREENhouse • Đối với tính từ ghép trọng âm rơi vào phần thứ 2: bad-TEMpered, oldFASHioned • Đối với động từ ghép trọng âm rơi vào phần thứ 2: to OVERcome, to overFLOW Quy tắc nhấn trọng âm tiếng anh Trọng âm tiếng Anh có nhiều quy tắc, số bạn lo ngại khơng thể nhớ hết Tuy nhiên bạn đừng lo lắng q quy tắc khơng q khó nhớ, thay nhớ quy tắc, học cách nhớ ví dụ quy tắc Từ đó, dễ dàng suy cơng thức áp dụng cho từ khác, kể từ chưa gặp • Tất nhiên cần nhớ thêm số từ đặc biệt (exceptional) thi từ hay hỏi Nhưng để biết từ đặc biệt, chúng từ phải biết từ tn theo quy tắc trước Sau quy luật trọng âm Một từ có trọng âm • Chúng ta nhấn trọng tâm ngun âm, khơng nhấn trọng âm phụ âm • Danh từ tính từ âm tiết thường có trọng âm âm tiết thứ Ví dụ: PREsent, Table, CLEver • Động từ âm tiết thường có trọng âm âm tiết thứ hai Ví dụ: to preSENT, to deCIDE Nếu danh từ động từ có dạng ta nhấn trọng âm âm tiết thứ danh từ, nhấn trọng âm âm tiết thứ hai động từ • Từ tận –ic, -ion, -tion, ta nhấn trọng âm ngun âm trước Ví dụ: teleVIsion, geoGRAphic, chaOti • Từ có tận : -cy, -ty, -phy, -gy, -al, ta nhấn trọng âm âm tiết thứ từ cuối lên Ví dụ: deMOcracy, phoTOgraphy, geOlogy, CRItical • Các từ ghép có quy tắc trọng âm sau Danh từ ghép, trọng âm từ thứ BLACKbird, GREENhouse : Tính từ ghép, trọng âm từ thứ hai: bad-TEMpered, old-FASHioned Động từ ghép trọng âm từ thứ hai: to underSTAND, to overFLOW Lưu ý: • Các phụ tố khơng làm ảnh hưởng đến trọng âm câu: -able, -age, -al, -en, -ful, -ing, -ish, -less, -ment, -ous • Các phụ tố thân nhận trọng âm câu: -ain(entertain), -ee(refugee,trainee), -ese(Portugese, Japanese), -ique(unique), -ette(cigarette, laundrette), -esque(picturesque), -eer(mountaineer), -ality (personality), -oo (bamboo), -oon (balloon), -mental (fundamental) Ngoại lệ: COffe, comMITtee, ENgine • • Trong từ có hậu tố đây, trọng âm đặt âm tiết trước hậu tố: -ian (musician), - id (stupid), -ible (possible), -ish (foolish), -ive (native), -ous (advantageous), -ial (proverbial, equatorial), -ic (climatic), -ity (ability, tranquility) Choose a word that has different stress pattern 1.A.inspiration B.fashionable C.modernize 2.A.casual B.embroider C.designer 3.A.baggy B.design C.equal 4.A.convenient B.encourage C.material 5.A.comic B.cotton C.equal 6.A.novel B.poet C.champagne 7.A.rivalry B.occasion C.logical 8.A.mention B.sailor C.pattern 9.A.economic B.economy C.minority 10.A.tunic B.symbol C.special 11.A.Worldwide B.freedom C.clothing 12.A.practical B.designer C.minority 13.A.convenience B.encouragement C.fashionable 14.A.admire B.blanket C.gather 15.A.enjoyment B.pagoda C.collection 16.A.economical B.federation C.itinerary 17.A.banyan B.blanket C.gather 18.A.gathering B.admiring B.collector 19.A.admiration B.relaxation C.federation 20.collection B.occasion C.religion D.symbolize C.occasion D.poetry D modernize D.unique D.sympol D.equally D.inspire D.encourage D.unique D.inspire D.occasion D.self-confidence D.comment D.business D.complication D.exchange C.exchanging D.commentary D.correspond 21 a recently 22 a banquet 23 a birthday 24 a disease 25 a persuade 26 a farmer 27 a cattle 28 a money 29 a borrow d marriage d blessing d pleasure d treatment d apply d fairy d cover d mother d prepare b conduct b schedule b cowboy b humour b reduce b farewell b country b machine b agree c attitude c diameter c enjoy c cancer c offer c factory c canal c many c await 30 a paper 31 a money 32 a enjoy 33 A exciting 34 A situation 35 A example 36 A harvest 37 A constructed 38 A iron 39 A occasion 50 A situate b tonight b army b daughter B telephone b appropriate B consider B circumstances B availability B system B immediate B volcano c lecture c afraid c provide C tomorrow c informality C several C producer C expansion C economy C compartment C wonderful d story d people d decide D November d entertainment D attention D ceremony D supplant D engine D voyage D sightseeing Các trường hợp đảo ngữ ứng dụng: Inversions take place after some negative adverbs such as( Đảo ngữ đứng sau trạng từ phủ định là): little (một ít), nowhere (khơng nơi nào), no longer (khơng nữa), in vain (vơ ích), not until (mãi đến khi), never (khơng bao giờ), never again (khơng nữa), never before (khơng nữa), seldom = rarely, hardly (gần khơng, khó mà), not for one minute (khơng phút nào) a Chỉ trạng ngữ phủ định mở đầu mệnh đề hay câu Những ví dụ sau thường sử dụng theo ngơn ngữ trang trọng, văn viết hay lời phát biểu trịnh trọng Đảo ngữ sử dụng ngơn ngữ văn nói hàng ngày Ví dụ: I have never read his books =>Never have I read his books b Những trạng từ diễn tả thời gian: no longer, never, rarely, seldom Những cụm từ thường sử dụng với hồn thành hay q khứ hồn thành (present perfect or past perfect) với động từ khiếm khuyết hay động từ tình thái là: can could Ví dụ: * I have never seen this film before => Never before have I seen this film * Rarely can he have had such a suitable solution to his problems * Seldom has Mr Johnson made a worse speech * No longer have I smoked c Những trạng ngữ diễn tả thời gian: hardly, barely, scarcely, no sooner có kết hợp với liên từ “when” - Hardly when - Scarcely when (Ngay ) - No sooner when Hardly had I gone to bed when the phone rang No sooner had I left my house when it began to rain Những cụm từ dùng để kiện mà xảy nhanh theo hành động khác q khứ Hành động thường sử dụng với q khứ hồn thành (past perfect), “no sooner” sử dụng với q khứ đơn Ví dụ: * Hardly had she left home, when the phone rang * Scarcely had I done my homework when I went to bed * No sooner had she sat down than her husband phoned her * No sooner was the team back on the pitch than it started raining Inversions are used in some phrases with “only” (Đảo ngữ dùng với “only”) + Only when (chỉ khi) +Only if (chỉ mà) + Clause + Not only (khơng những) + Only by (prep) (Chỉ cách) + Clause - Sau phó từ “ Only” , dùng bổ nghĩa cho từ cụm từ nằm cạnh cách viết trang trọng cách nói thân mật, nhấn mạnh cho thấy từ bổ nghĩa , nên “only” có vị trí khác - Trường hợp sau”Only” thường kết hợp với cụm từ thời gian khác thường sử dụng với q khứ đơn Ví dụ: * Only after posting the letter did I remember that I had forgotten to put on a stamp - Những trường hợp khác: Only when, only then, only later, only if, only by,only after Ví dụ: * Only if she studied harder would she not failed the exam * Only when you become a teacher will you understand what true responsibility * Only then did we realize what a mess we had got ourselves into * Only when you grow up can you understand it * Only if you tell me the truth can I forgive you * Not only does he study well, but also he sings well * Only by studying hard can you pass this exam Chú ý: Khi “only” đề cập đến trạng thái câu đơn khơng đảo ngữ Ví dụ: Only my little friend realized that the answer was not correct Inversions are used in some phrases with “no”(Đảo ngữ dùng với “no”) Bao gồm: - In no way (khơng cách cả) - At no time (chưa bao giờ) - On no account (khơng lý gì) - On no condition (khơng điều kiện nào) - In/under no circunstances (cho dù khơng) Ex: * In no way can you refuse to answer my question * At no time have I come there * On no account can you treat her badly like this * In no circunstances will I betray you (Phản bội) * In no circunstances will I leave you alone (để bạn mình) * On no condition are they to open fire without a warning * Nowhere else will you find such a good job * Under no circumstances should you travel alone * At no time did she come late * In no way can the bus driver be blamed for the accident Inversions are used with “not a” and “many a” - Not a word did she say - Not a letter have I received from her - Many a rose did he give her - Many a book has he read 5.Inversions are used with “little”(Đảo ngữ dùng với “little”) “Little” có nghĩa phủ định giới hạn số tình thể hiểu biết, giới hạn ngơn ngữ, hay hành động Ví dụ: * Little does Dr William know about the computer * He said little about it => Little did he say about it Inversions take place after “so/such with that”( Đảo ngữ đứng sau “so/such với that”) Trường hợp xảy “so” tính từ , động từ “to be”, với mục đích dùng để nhấn mạnh Ví dụ: * The runners were so exhausted that none of them finished the race → So exhausted were the runners that none of them finished the race * The demand for tickets were so great that people queued day and night → So great was the demand for tickets that people queued day and night “Such” sử dụng với động từ “to be” thường có nghĩa tương đương “so much / so great” Ví dụ: * The response to our appeal was so great that we had to take on more Staff → Such was the response to our appeal that we had to take on more staff Inversions take place after “here” and “there” Hai trạng từ “here there” dùng để vị trí, nhấn mạnh chúng đảo lên đầu câu Ví dụ: There comes our mother Here comes singer My Tam 8.Inversions are used with “so” and “neither” ( Đảo ngữ dùng với “so” “neither”) Khi thể ý đồng tình khẳng định ta dùng với “So”, với ý đồng tình phủ định ta dùng với “neither”, hai từ dùng lời đáp dạng ngắn gọn mà người nói người nghe hiểu Vị trí “So” “Neither” ln đứng đầu câu đảo Ví dụ: - I’m a student; I’m a student, too So am I - I’m not a student; I’m not a student, either Neither am I - She likes music; He likes music, too So does he - She doesn’t like music; He doesn’t like music, either Neither does he - I didn’t sleep well last nigh; She didn’t sleep well last night, either => Neither did she - I haven’t seen it ; I haven’t seen it, either => Neither have I Chú ý: Nếu câu có chứa số trạng từ phủ định hardly, seldom, rarely, never để diễn đạt tương tự người ta dùng either neither (khơng dùng so too) Ví dụ: I hardly meet her nowadays => He hardly meet her nowadays, either => Neither does he Cấu trúc đảo ngữ câu điều kiện Ba loại câu điều kiện với “If” đảo ngữ trường hợp bỏ “if” Cấu trúc làm cho câu văn mang tính trang trọng Ví dụ: * If they were to know the result, they would tell you → Were they to know the result, they would tell you * If George hadn’t driven badly, he wouldn’t have had a serious accident → Had George not driven badly, he wouldn’t have had a serious accident * If you should see Ann, could you ask her to call me ? → Should you see Ann, could you ask her to call me ? * If he is in neighbourhood, why doesn’t he drop in ? → Should he be in neighbourhood, why doesn’t he drop in? + Đảo ngữ sau “as”: Cấu trúc thường dùng cách viết trang trọng Ví dụ: * We were short of money, as were people in our neighborhood * I thought, as did my friends, that the problems would soon be solve BÀI TẬP ỨNG DỤNG I Rewrite 1.It was only when the office phoned me that I found out about the meeting Not until … ………………………………………………………………………….… The facts were not all made until later Only …………………………………………………………………………….…… 3.If I had realised what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job Had… …………………………………………………………………………….…… 4.Harry broke his leg and also injured his shoulder Not only …………………………………………………………………………… … 5.If you happen to see Helen, could you ask her to call me ? Should ……………………………………………………………………………… 6.The bus driver cannot be blamed for the accident in any way In no way ……………………………………………………………………………… 7.The snowfall was so heavy that all the trains had to be cancelled So heavy ………………………………………………………….…………………… 8.If the government raised interest rates , they would lose the election Were ………………………………………………………………………… ……… As soon as I got into the bath, someone knocked at the door No sooner………………………………………………………………….…………… 10 You won’t be allowed in until your identity has been checked Only ……………………………………………………………………….………… 11 Just after the play started there was a power failure Hardly ………………………………………………………………………………… 12 We had only just arrived home when the pollice called Scarcely ………………………………………………………………….………… 13 I remembered only when it was too late that it was Sarah’s bithday Not until …………………………………………………………………….……… 14 I’ve never heard anything so ridiculous ! Never ………………………………………………………………………………… 15 I failed the driving test and crashed the car too Not only ……………………………………………………………………………… 16 A politician seldom speaks that honestly Rarely ………………………………………………………………………………… 10 17 I only remembered that I had forgotten to put the stamp on the letter after I had posted it Only after ………………………………………………………………… ………… 18 Tom didn’t realise how difficult the exam would be Little ………………………………………………………………………….……… 19 I had hardly ever seen him looking depressed Seldom ……………………………………………………………… ………… … 20 The earthquake was so devastating (dieu tan , tan hoang )that thousands of people were made homeless So ………………………………………………………………………….………… 21 There was so much uncertainty that the financial markets remained closed Such …………………………………………………………………………………… 22 It was only when I stopped that I realised something was wrong Only when ………………………………………………………………………….… 23 Press photographers are banned from taking photographs backstage On no ……………………………………………………………………………….… 24 The way so much money has been spent to so little purpose must be a record Never before ………………………………………………………… ………….…… 25 If I had realised what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job Had… ……………………………………………………………………… ………… 26.The response to our appeal was so great that we had to take on more staff Such ……………………………………………………………………………….…… 27 he looked so absurbd that everybody stared at him So…………………………………………………………………………….………… 28 She didn’t find a peny Not……………………………………………………………………… ….………… 29 It’s common for there to be so much rain in March Seldom……………………………………………………………………………… 30 If I had realised what would happen, I wouldn’t have accepted the job Had… ……………………………………………………………………………… III Tag - questions Tag questions (câu hỏi đi) Câu hỏi câu hỏi ngắn thêm vào cuối câu trần thuật Ex : It’s a lovely day, isn’t it ? Hình thức : Câu hỏi thành lập trợ động từ (hoặc động từ to be) đại từ nhân xưng (chỉ chủ ngữ câu) : auxiliary verb (+ not) + pronoun Câu hỏi phủ định (auxiliary verb + not + pronoun) dùng sau câu trần thuật 11 + Chủ từ one – dùng you one One can be one’s master, can’t you/one ? + Câu đầu có must Must có nhiều cách dùng tùy theo cách dùng mà có câu hỏi khác - Must cần thiết, dùng needn’t Ex : They must study hard, needn’t they ? - Must cấm đốn, dùng must Ex : You mustn’t come late, must you ? - Must dự đốn tại, dựa vào động từ theo sau must Ex : He must be a very intelligent student, isn’t he ? - Must dự đốn q khứ (trong cơng thức must + have + PP), dùng have/has Ex : You must have stolen my bike, haven’t you ? + Let đầu câu : Let đầu câu có nhiều dạng cần phân biệt - Let’s câu rủ - dùng shall we ? Ex : Let’s go out, shall we ? - Let câu xin phép (let us/let me), dùng will you ? Ex : Let us use the telephone, will you ? - Let dùng câu đề nghị giúp người khác (let me), dùng may I ? Ex : Let me help you it, may I ? + Câu cảm thán Lấy danh từ câu đổi thành đại từ, dùng am/is/are Ex : What a beautiful dress, isn’t it ? Ex : What a stupid boy, isn’t he ? + Câu đầu có I + động từ sau : think, believe, suppose, figure, assume, fancy, imagine, reckon, expect, see, feel + mệnh đề phụ Lấy mệnh đề phụ làm câu hỏi Ex : I think he will come here, won’t he ? Ex : I don’t believe Mary can it, can she ? (lưu ý, mệnh đề có not tính mệnh đề phụ) - Cùng mẫu chủ từ khơng phải I lại dùng mệnh đề đầu làm câu hỏi Ex : She thinks he will come, doesn’t she ? + Câu đầu có It seems that + mệnh đề Lấy mệnh đề làm câu hỏi Ex : It seems that you are right, aren’t you ? + Chủ từ mệnh đề danh từ Dùng “it” Ex : What you have said is wrong, isn’t it ? Ex : Why he killed himself seems a secret, doesn’t it ? 13 BÀI TẬP ỨNG DỤNG Tag questions Add suitable question tags to the following sentences Your name is Thanh, ? Today is Sunday, ? John doesn’t agree with me about the plan , ? He makes a lot of mistakes in pronunciation, ? The traffic was heavy yesterday, ? Both men won’t surf the Internet for a chat any more, ? 10 We haven’t done this homework yet, .? 11 Jack’s enrolled on this course, ? 12 Helen’s got fashionable clothes to wear on this important occasion, ? 13 The Smiths have got a computer, a CD player and two motorbikes, ? 14 The children have many computer games to play, ? 15 Your brother has the chance to speak English outside the classroom, ? 16 David and Kate aren’t going to pay their school fees tomorrow, ? 17.This boy could use a computer at the age of 5, ? 19 My father put an advertisement in The Times to sell his house, .? 20 It is expensive for you to access the Internet, ? 21 Jim really shouldn’t spend most of his time wandering on the Internet, ? 22 People don’t know which website is useful to them, ? 23 Students have to wear uniforms in Viet Nam, ? 24 Email is a good way for people to communicate, ? 25 The garbage can be taken out everyday, ? 26 We must send this massage by email, .? 27 You wouldn’t like another drink, ? 28 Vinh would rather listen to English programmes on the radio, ? 29 You had better not go out in the cold weather, ? 30 Ba ought to join her family on a day trip to her home town, ? 32 You should attend the opening ceremony, .? 33 You wouldn’t mind helping me with this , .? 40 The Chinese invented paper in A D 105, ? 41 The English don’t like tea, ? 42 The rich usually live in big houses, ? 44 Joe used to be any a lot fatter than he is now, ? 47 He’s never met you before, ? 48 they rarely went swimming when they were your age, ? 49 Helen seldom smiled at me whenever she passed me in the street, ? 50 He hardly ever makes a mistake, ? 51 There’s scarcely enough time for our project, ? 52 Cactuses need little water, ? 53 Unfriendly people have few friends, ? 60 Something is wrong with Jane today, ? 14 61 Everything seems to be OK with Jane today, ? 62 Nothing matters, ? 63 Nothing has been done about unemployment, .? 64 Neither of them offered to help me, ? 65 None of them wrote to him, .? 66 Nobody is going to the mosque, ? 67 somebody has recognized you by your funny hat, ? 68 Everyone was impressed by her beauty, ? 69 One should always try to be friendly to the environment, ? 70 I’m not supposed to be here on time , ? 71 I’m expected to well in my schooling, ? 72 Let’s go out for a meal together one day, .? 73 Don’t be late, .? 74 Help yourself to this soup, ? 75 Pass me the salt, ? 76 Don’t forget to keep in touch with us , ? 77 Post this letter for me, ? 78 Have some more coffee, ? 79 Get out your books, .? 80 Have a nice holiday, ? PHỊNG GD VÀ ĐT TỈNH THÀNH PHỐ THANH HĨA THI CHỌN ĐỘI TUYỂN DỰ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI Mơn thi : Tiếng Anh - Lớp Năm học 2012 - 2013 Ngày thi: 23 / 01 / 2013 - Thời gian làm 150 phút ( Đề gồm trang) ĐỀ BÀI Question I (5 points) A Pick out the word with the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others A baggage B courage C damage D stage A advertise B addition C advantage D adventure A thunder B ethenic C health D gather B Circle the word whose main stressed syllable is different from the rest A prevention B agreement C satisfy D experience A linguistic B dormitory C experience D communicate Question II Choose the word or phrase that best completes each sentence (15 points) one problem for any teacher is that each student has his / her own needs A separate B divided C.individual D distinctive If we hurry, we might get there to catch the early train 15 A right B in time C.on time D before time To get a passport, you must send in your birth .and two photos A certificate B licence C paper D card His face looks ,but I can’t remember his name A similar B alike C memorial D familiar There’s no .to book tickets in advance There are always plenty of seats A problem B matter C need D demand Peter and his wife to my house for tea yesterday evening A came round B came about C came down D came away Our house .by the river It has a beautiful and modern design A is situated B situates C situate D has situated Each of the guests a bunch of flowers A are given B is given C were given D give I regret .you the story.I really didn’t know it would make you disappointed A tell B telling C to tell D told 10 “ How many pages so far ?” “ Ten” A you study B did you study C have you studied D had you studied 11 My teacher can write a beautiful poem in A little than half an hour B a little than half an hour C less than half an hour D least than half an hour 12 She looks so in her new blue dress A fashion B fashionable C fashioned D fashionably 13 I’m sure you find it easy A must B should C will D can 14 We saw most of the famous in Paris like the Louvre A shows B sights C views D stalked 15 By the time we , we had driven six hundred miles A stopped B were stopping C has stopped D had stopped Question III Write the correct tense of the verbs in brakets (5 points) Tom was very tired because he (run) for an hour A: How long have you worked in advertising ? B: For five years I really (enjoy) it What about you ? A: Well , I’m still writing books I (write) a couple of novels and for the past year I (research) a book on local history A: Why have you got your old clothes on ? B: Because I (cut) the grass Question IV Give the correct form of the word in brackets (10 points) The whole county is trying to get rid of (poor) They are looking for the………………………………to the problem (solve) During the past years,computers have been……………………our life.(revolution) A true ……………………… lasts throughout life (bore) He was .late for work (continue) 16 John is still young but he is very ………………………………… (rely) His ………………………… has been considered (complain) He is ready to overcome any ……………………………… (hard) The house is big, but it is very (comfortable) 10 What influenced you most in your of car ? ( choose ) Question V A Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space Use only ONE word in each space (15 points) Unidentified flying objects (UFOs) Franklin Roberts was a commercial airline pilot, with (1) than 21,000 hours of flying time behind him However, in (2) of his great experience, he could not explain something (3) happened to him in the summer of 1981 As he was flying over Lake Michigan, an object appeared in the sky which took him completely (4) .surprise Whatever it was, it raced through the sky ahead (5) his plane and then turned across his path, before finally disappearing (6) the distance This is the kind of incident that fascinates Richard Haines, a psychologist (7) works at a research institute in California, and investigates reports like these (8) a hobby Over the last twelve years, he (9) collected thousands of reports on UFOs seen by plane crew He has concentrated (10) the stories told to him by pilots, (11) he believes they are more likely to be accurate Pilots are trained in observation and make reliable witnesses They would generally know what they were looking at (12) it were something familiar.Critics of Haines's work say that there is, in fact, (13) special about pilots They claim that pilots are as capable of making mistakes as (14) else However, none of this has stopped Haines, who continues to investigate UFO reports (15) enthusiasm B Choose the one option (A,B,C,or D) that best completes the passage (10 points) Communication skills Good communication is the key to being successful and satisfied in many situations : work , personal , social At work, communication skills (1) .most commonly shown in your (2) to use and understand language , whether spoken or on (3) You need a good command of language to (4) your ideas, opinions, (5) feelings across clearly Listening carefully is (6) important communication skill, as it is the ability and confidence to (7) .questions when you need to understand something or get (8) from someone (9) in a language other than your mother tongue also counts as a (10) skill A are B have C were D A capacity B ability C knowledge D fluency A writing B written C paper D letter A come B get C understand D know A also B too C so D and 17 A a B the C an D any A answer B put C ask D suggest A things B information C knowledge D explanation A Competence B Ability C Talent D Use 10 A giving B speaking C understanding D communication Question VI Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same (10 points) I’ve lost interest in going to the same places all the time I’m fed up …………………………………………………………………… She didn’t find our funny story amusing She wasn’t amused ………………………………………………………… Bob finds his new contact lenses uncomfortable Bob isn’t They moved to that house in 2005 They have ……………………………………………………………………… I finished my work more quickly than Maria did Maria didn’t ………………………………………………………………… I lived in London once, but I don’t live there any more I used to …………………………………………………………………… Robots will take over most jobs in the manufacturing factories Most jobs …………………………………………………………………… It’s likely that future man will be different from us Future man is likely ………………………………………………………… Our fingers are used to a great deal in modern life, so they will grow more sensitive The more …………………………………………………………………… 10 Charlotte Bronte wrote Jane Eyre It …………………………………………………………………………… Question VII Find out and correct the mistakes (5 points) Scientists said that nuclear power and other things were complete harmless A B C D Mr Smith asked me what did I think of the flat A B C D People use cars with a various purposes A B C D People will usually give to smoking if they are told to by their doctor A B C D The plane delayed for more than one hour because of the bad weather A B C D Question VIII Write sentences about your way of learning English ( points ) HƯỚNG DẪN CHẤM – MƠN TIẾNG ANH 18 THI CHỌN ĐỘI TUYỂN DỰ THI HỌC SINH GIỎI TỈNH - NĂM HỌC 2012 2013 Question I A B 1D stage 4C satisfy 2A advertise 5B dormitory 3D gather Question II 1C individual 2B in time 3A certificate 4D familiar 5C need 6A came round 7A is situated 8B is given 9B telling 10C have you studied 11C less than half an hour 12B fashionable 13C will 14B sights 15A stopped Question III had been running enjoy ; have written ; have been researching am going to cut Question IV poverty solution revolutionized /ised boredom continually unreliable complaint hardship uncomfortable 10 choice Question V A more spite that /which 4.by 5.of into / in who as / for has 10 on 11 since / as / because / for 12 if 13 nothing 14 anyone / anybody 15 with B 1A.(are) 2B (ability) 3C (paper) 4B (get) 5D (and) 6C (an) 7C (ask) 8B ( information) 9A (competence) 10D (communication) Question VI Rewrite I’m fed up with going to the same places all the time She wasn’t amused by / at our funny story Bob isn’t used to his new contact lenses They have lived / have been living in that house since 2005 Maria didn’t finish her work as quickly as I did I used to live in London Most jobs in the manufacturing factories will be taken over by robots Future man is likely to be different from us The more our fingers are used in modren life, the more sensitive they will grow 10 It was Charlotte Bronte who / that wrote Jane Eyre Question VII Find out and correct the mistakes 1C (completely) 2C ( I thought) 3C (without a ) 4A (give up smoking) 5A (was delayed) Question VIII u cầu viết ngữ pháp câu phải có ý nghĩa Tổng số câu Điểm thi = 19 (Hết) PHỊNG GD VÀ ĐT THI CHỌN ĐỘI TUYỂN DỰ THI HSG TỈNH THÀNH PHỐ THANH HĨA Mơn thi: Tiếng Anh, Lớp 9, năm học 2013 -2014 Đề thức Thời gian làm bài: 150 phút ( khơng kể thời gian giao đề) ( Đề thi gồm có 04 trang ) Ngày thi, 09 tháng 01 năm 2014 Part A : PHONETICS (5 pts) I Choose and write the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the rest of the group A stationed B belonged C studied D laughed A inhabitants B politics C questions D kidnaps II.Choose and write the word whose stress pattern is different from the rest of the group A experiment B exhibition C precaution D assistant A equally B ceremony C charity D minority A comfort B comment C control D visit Part B : VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR (30 pts) I Choose the most suitable word or phrase to complete each sentence.(15pts) Let’s practice the game, ……………? A will you B us C we D shall we … we came late, we missed the first part of the film A Since B Although C For D Because of We will serve our guests soon We had better ……now A have table set B set table C setting table D set the table Before ……evidence, you must swear ………the truth A giving / to speak B giving / to be spoken C to give / to speak D giving / speaking 10 He doesn’t know how to ………the central heating so the room is cold A stop B shut C oparate D hold 11 After …….for three hours, we stopped to let the other ….with us A walking / catching up B walk / catch up C walking / to catch up D walking / catch up 12 The more……… you are, the easier it is for you to make friends A reserved B funny C sociable D social 13 They went …….hard days when they first came to settle here A by B on C through D along 14 I found it very hard to … ….between the two sounds A discern B pick C tell D differentiate 20 15 A ……is someone who serves in a community primarily because they choose to so A voluntary B voluntarily C volunteer D voluntariness 16 I’m feeling sick I …….so much chocolate last night A needn’t eat B didn’t need to eat C can’t have eaten D shouldn’t have eaten 17 He denied ……………the car but admitted …….it A stealing / to borrow B to steal / borrowing C to steal / to borrow D stealing / borrowing 18 Everyone was attracted by her graceful …………… A performer B performing C performed D performance 19 We all agree …… him ……….what he said A on / at B in / for C to / with D with / on 20 …general, the population of the world is …the decrease over the next decade A In / of B With / in C For / on D In / on II Supply correct form or tense of the verbs given in the brackets.(10 pts) 21-22 Since he (buy) … a car, he (drive) … to work every day 23-24 I really dislike ….(ask) to answer questions in class when I …(not prepare) my lessons 25 When we came, the film (show) …… for 20 minutes 26 At this time next month, they … (work) in Ho Chi Minh city 27 George (work)… at the university for forty- five years before he retired 28 Had they realized the danger, they … (do) it differently 29 Don’t you know that the bridge has ….(close) for repair ? 30 I (not feel) better now if you hadn't talked to me about my problem last night III.Fill each blank with the correct form of the word given in capital letters.(5 pts) 31 We’re selling these toys at a very ……price COMPETE 32 Librarians spend a lot of time ………books CLASS 33 There seems to be some … about what she actually said CONFUSE 34 Few people can … without water for more than a week EXISTENCE 35 Tourism has … agriculture as the nation’s main industry REPLACEMENT Part C: READING (24 pts) I Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space Use only one word in each space (10 pts) English Universities and Colleges All English Universities (36) ……Oxford and Cambridge are fairly new London University is (37) …….biggest of the modern English Universities and (38)……of a great variety of colleges and other institutions (39) ……medical schools A university usually has (40) …faculties and departments The (41)… common faculties are medicine, law, arts, science, and theology The (42) ….include engineering, economics, commercer, agriculture, music, and technology After taking examinations a university graduate is (43) ….with the Degree of Bachelor of Arts, or Science, or Engineering, or Medicine, etc…depending on their field of study Each faculty is headed by one or more professors, who are helped by a staff of teachers 21 called lectures Professors and lectures spend some of their time giving lectures to large (44) ….of students or studying with smaller groups and here the students have a (45) … to argue and discuss II Choose a, b, c, or d to fill in the blank in the following passage (10 pts) There has been a revolution in the world of newspapers Not many years (46)…, newspapers were still being produced using techniques unchanged for(47) hundred years The journalists gave their stories to a typist, who prepared them for an editor, who passed them on (48) ……the printer The printer, who was a (49)… skilled man, set up the type (50) …… was then collected to make the pages When the pages were complete, the printing machines could be (51) …… Nowadays what (52) ….? The journalists type their stories into a computer The (53) … checks their spelling, plans the pages, shapes the articles When the pages are ready, another computer may control the printing.(54) ……… can be no doubt about it, producing a newspaper is an entirely different (55) … …now 46 a before b after c ago d yet 47 a a b some c an d over 48 a to b by c through d with 49 a hardly b mostly c partly d very 50 a They b Which c This d All 51 a switched b started c stopped d moved 52 a gives b occurs c goes d happens 53 a computer b editor c typist d printer 54 a It b There c You d We 55 a skill b work c business d management III Read the following passage and choose the best answer below (4 pts) Computing is now at the same stage as printing was when the first printing presses were used Before printing presses were invented, only rich people like kings and dukes could afford to buy books Often these people were unable to read and hadn’t enough time to learn In any case, the books were so big that it was difficult for anyone to relax with a book as we today They wanted books because they were expensive and there was something magical about them Only a few people were able to write, and it took an extremely long time to write a book Monks and other people who could write said ordinary people could not learn to read The position with computers is very similar today A few years ago, computers were very large and expensive Business managers and rich people ordered them but they didn’t know how to use them In many countries, however, the situation has now completely changed Lots of people not only own microcomputers but also know how to use them 56 What happened before printing presses were invented? A Books were so big that people didn’t want to buy them B Only intelligent and rich people could read books C Only kings and dukes had enough money to buy books D All rich people bought books 22 57 Why were books wanted before printing presses were invented? A to show that the people who owned the books were rich and intelligent B to show that the people who owned the books could write C because books were dear and magical D because books showed that the person who owned them were magical people 58 What is the common feature of a book and a computer? A They were only for intelligent people B They were too expensive to buy C They were large and expensive at first D Only people who could use them buy them 59 What situation has throughly changed nowadays? A A lot of people are eager to buy computers B A lot of computers are sold C Even children can use a computer D A person who buys a computer knows how to use it Part D : Writing (21 pts) I.Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the word in capitals, and so that the meaning stays the same.(11 pts) 60 The girls are excited at the thought of seeing their grandparents again (FORWARD) …………………………………………………………………… 61 What exactly the letters AM and PM mean? ( STAND) ………………………………………………………………………………… 62 We had to stop building when there was no more money ( GAVE) ………………………………………………………………………………… 63 Carol pretended that she hadn’t understood my request ( MADE) …………………………………………………………………………………… 64 How is the decorating going ? ( GETTING) …………………………………………………………………………………… 65 It is an event I would rather forget ( WHICH) …………………………………………………………………………………… 66 Jean was the first person I asked for advice ( WHOSE) …………………………………………………………………………………… 67 Don’t take this job if you don’t really want it ( UNLESS) …………………………………………………………………………………… 68 You have missed the beginning of the film (HAS) ………………………………………………………………………………… 69 Do you get on with your next- door neighbour ? ( WHO) ………………………………………………………………………………… 70 You were in my dreams last night ( ABOUT) …………………………………………………………………………………… II “ Secondary school students should wear casual clothes to school.” What’s your point of view? Write a short paragraph of about 100 words to support your argument (10 pts) 23 THE END Phòng thi:………Số báo danh:………… Họ tên thí sinh:……………………… Họ tên, chữ ký giám thị 1: ………………………………………………………… Họ tên, chữ ký giám thị 2: ………………………………………………………… PHỊNG G D VÀ ĐÀO TẠO ĐÁP ÁN THI CHỌN ĐỘI TUYỂN DỰ THI HSG TỈNH THÀNH PHỐ THANH HĨA NĂM HỌC 2013- 2014 MƠN : TIẾNG ANH LỚP Part A : Phonetics (5 pts) I Pick out the word with the underlined part pronounced differently from that of the others D laughed C questions II Pick out the word with the position of stressed syllable differently from that of the others B exhibition D minority C control Part B : VOCABULARY AND GRAMMAR (30 pts) I.Choose the most suitable word or phrase to complete each sentence.(15 pts) 6D shall we 7A Since 8D set the table 9A giving / to speak 10C oparate 11 D walking / catch up 12C sociable 13C.through 14 D.differentiate 15C.volunteer 16D shouldn’t have eaten 17 D stealing / borrowing 18D performance 19 D with / on 20 D In / on II.Supply correct form or tense of the verbs given in the brackets.(10 pts) 21- 22 bought ; has been driving 27 had worked 23- 24 being asked ; haven’t prepared 28 would have done 25 had been shown 29 to be closed 26 will be working 30 wouldn’t feel III.Fill each blank with the correct form of the word given in capital letters.(5 pts) 31 competitive 32 classifying 33 confusion 34 exist 35 replaced Part C : READING (24 pts) I Read the text below and think of the word which best fits each space Use only one word in each space (10 pts) 36 except 37 the 38 consists 39 including 40 both 41 most 42 departments 43 awarded 44 numbers 45 chance II Choose a, b, c, or d to fill in the blank in the following passage (10 pts) 46 c ago 47 d over 48 a to 49 d very 51 52 53 54 b started d happens a computer b There 24 50 c This 55 d management III Read the following passage and choose the best answer below (4 pts) 56.C 57 C 58 C 59 D Part D : Writing (21 pts) I.Rewrite each sentence so that it contains the word in capitals, and so that the meaning stays the same (11 pts) 60 The girls are looking forward to seeing their grandparents again 61 What exactly the letters AM and PM stand for ? 62 We had to stop building when the money gave out 63 Carol made out that she hadn’t understood my request 64 How are you getting on with the decorating ? 65 It is an event which I would rather forget 66 Jean was the first person whose advice I asked for 67 Don’t take this job unless you really want it 68 The film has already started 69 Do you get on with the person who lives next door ? 70 I dreamed about you last night II “ Secondary school students should wear casual clothes to school.“ What“s your point of view? Write a short paragraph of about 100 words to support your argument (10 pts) u cầu : - Bài viết ngữ pháp câu phải có ý nghĩa - Trình bày lý lẽ ủng hộ ý kiến cho học sinh trung học nên mặc thường phục - Ngơn ngữ dùng phần viết : I think…; Firstly…; Secondly…; Finally… HƯỚNG DẪN CHO ĐIỂM: Tổng số câu: 80 Bài thi chấm theo thang điểm: 20 Tổng số câu Điểm thi = THE END 25 26 BẢNG TÓM TẮT QUY TẮC NỘI DUNG Quy tắc Thường nhấn vần đầu Báker… (Tiếng vần) Nếu vần đầu nhấn với âm nhẹ /i/ or /∂/ nhấn vần cuối.Japán Không nhấn tiếp đầu ngữ Alíve, becáuse… Nếu tiếp đầu ngữ đọc âm mạnh nhấn tiếp đầu ngữ: récord… Quy tắc Thường nhấn vần đầu: cínema… (Tiếng vần) Nếu vần đầu nhấn với âm nhẹ /i/ or /∂/ nhấn vần thứ 2: eléven… Không nhấn tiếp đầu ngữ: begínning … Nếu tiếp đầu ngữ đọc âm mạnh nhấn tiếp đầu ngữ: ádjective … Quy tắc Thường nhấn vần đầu tiếp đầu ngữ hay tiếp vó ngữ (tiếng vần đặc biệt nói quy tắc 4, 5, 6: nécessary… trở lên) Khi tiếng tạo nên cách thêm vào chữ gốc hay nhiều tiếp đầu ngữ đầu, hay nhiều tiếp vó ngữ cuối (không phải tiếp vó ngữ quy tắc 4, 5, 6) trọng âm thừơng vần với chữ gốc: change  interchángeable Quy tắc Trong tiếng tận là: OUS, ATE, TUDE, ITY, ETY, ICAL, LOGY, GRAPHY, METRY, NOMY trọng âm đặt vần thứ đếm từ sau trước: capácity… Quy tắc Trong tiếng tận bắng: IC, ION, IA, IAL, UAL, IAN, IAR, ULAR, IENCE, IENCY, IENT, IANCE, IUM, IOUS, EOUS, UOUS trọng âm đặt vần trước tiếp vó ngữ ấy: atómic, courágeous… Quy tắc Trong tiếng tận bằng: ADE, EE, ESE, EER, OO, OON, ETTE, ESQUE NHỮNG TIẾNG MƯN CỦA PHÁP NGỮ thường nhấn vần cuối: Vietnamése, enginéer… 27 [...]... đầu ngữ Alíve, becáuse… Nếu tiếp đầu ngữ được đọc bằng âm mạnh thì nhấn ở tiếp đầu ngữ: récord… Quy tắc 2 Thường nhấn ở vần đầu: cínema… (Tiếng 3 vần) Nếu vần đầu được nhấn với âm nhẹ như /i/ or /∂/ thì nhấn ở vần thứ 2: eléven… Không nhấn ở tiếp đầu ngữ: begínning … Nếu tiếp đầu ngữ được đọc bằng âm mạnh thì nhấn ở tiếp đầu ngữ: ádjective … Quy tắc 3 Thường được nhấn ở vần đầu nếu không có tiếp đầu ngữ. .. đầu ngữ hay tiếp vó ngữ (tiếng 4 vần đặc biệt nói ở quy tắc 4, 5, 6: nécessary… trở lên) Khi một tiếng tạo nên bằng cách thêm vào chữ gốc một hay nhiều tiếp đầu ngữ ở đầu, một hay nhiều tiếp vó ngữ ở cuối (không phải là những tiếp vó ngữ ở quy tắc 4, 5, 6) thì trọng âm thừơng cùng một vần với chữ gốc: change  interchángeable Quy tắc 4 Trong những tiếng tận cùng là: OUS, ATE, TUDE, ITY, ETY, ICAL,... METRY, NOMY trọng âm được đặt ở vần thứ 3 đếm từ sau ra trước: capácity… Quy tắc 5 Trong những tiếng tận cùng bắng: IC, ION, IA, IAL, UAL, IAN, IAR, ULAR, IENCE, IENCY, IENT, IANCE, IUM, IOUS, EOUS, UOUS trọng âm được đặt ở vần ngay trước những tiếp vó ngữ ấy: atómic, courágeous… Quy tắc 6 Trong những tiếng tận cùng bằng: ADE, EE, ESE, EER, OO, OON, ETTE, ESQUE và NHỮNG TIẾNG MƯN CỦA PHÁP NGỮ thường... Bachelor of Arts, or Science, or Engineering, or Medicine, etc…depending on their field of study Each faculty is headed by one or more professors, who are helped by a staff of teachers 21 called lectures Professors and lectures spend some of their time giving lectures to large (44) ….of students or studying with smaller groups and here the students have a (45) … to argue and discuss II Choose a, b, c,... ( STAND) ………………………………………………………………………………… 62 We had to stop building when there was no more money ( GAVE) ………………………………………………………………………………… 63 Carol pretended that she hadn’t understood my request ( MADE) …………………………………………………………………………………… 64 How is the decorating going ? ( GETTING) …………………………………………………………………………………… 65 It is an event I would rather forget ( WHICH) …………………………………………………………………………………… 66 Jean... Carol made out that she hadn’t understood my request 64 How are you getting on with the decorating ? 65 It is an event which I would rather forget 66 Jean was the first person whose advice I asked for 67 Don’t take this job unless you really want it 68 The film has already started 69 Do you get on with the person who lives next door ? 70 I dreamed about you last night II “ Secondary school students... communication skills (1) .most commonly shown in your (2) to use and understand language , whether spoken or on (3) You need a good command of language to (4) your ideas, opinions, (5) feelings across clearly Listening carefully is (6) important communication skill, as it is the ability and confidence to (7) .questions when you need to understand something or get (8) from someone (9) in a language other... 17 He denied ……………the car but admitted …….it A stealing / to borrow B to steal / borrowing C to steal / to borrow D stealing / borrowing 18 Everyone was attracted by her graceful …………… A performer B performing C performed D performance 19 We all agree …… him ……….what he said A on / at B in / for C to / with D with / on 20 …general, the population of the world is …the decrease over the next decade A... modern English Universities and (38)……of a great variety of colleges and other institutions (39) ……medical schools A university usually has (40) …faculties and departments The (41)… common faculties are medicine, law, arts, science, and theology The (42) ….include engineering, economics, commercer, agriculture, music, and technology After taking examinations a university graduate is (43) ….with the Degree... D familiar 5 There’s no .to book tickets in advance There are always plenty of seats A problem B matter C need D demand 6 Peter and his wife to my house for tea yesterday evening A came round B came about C came down D came away 7 Our house .by the river It has a beautiful and modern design A is situated B situates C situate D has situated 8 Each of the guests a bunch of flowers A are given B is