Synonym antonym p1

KHÓA TỔNG ÔN KIẾN THỨC – Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG Synonym & Antonym – P1 Những cặp từ đồng nghĩa Tiếng Anh Trong Tiếng Anh có nhiều từ đồng nghĩa, có trường hợp sử dụng giống nhau, có trường hợp lại sử dụng cách hoàn toàn khác Close Shut   Close Shut mang nghĩa “đóng”, “khép” Tuy nhiên, số trường hợp, “close” “shut” lại có cách sử dụng khác - Close: Chúng ta dùng “close” + meetings/ discussions/ conferences với ý nghĩa kết thúc buổi họp mặt, thảo luận hay hội thảo Ví dụ: The chairperson closed the meeting at 4.30 (Vị chủ tịch kết thúc buổi họp lúc bốn rưỡi) - Shut: dùng để bảo không nói cách khiếm nhã Ví dụ: She was very rude She said: “Shut your mouth!’’ (Cô thô lỗ quát lên với tôi:’‘Câm mồm!’’) Start Begin   Hai cặp từ mang ý nghĩa “bắt đầu”, “khởi đầu vật, việc đó” Nhưng xem điểm khác chúng nhé: - Start: sử dụng cho loại động xe cộ (engines and vehicles) Không dùng ‘’begin” trường hợp Ví dụ: It was a cold morning and I could not start my car (Sáng hôm trời lạnh nên tớ không nổ máy được) - Begin thường xuất tình trang trọng trừu tượng Ví dụ: Before the universe began, time and place did not exist (Trước buổi sơ khai vũ trụ, không gian thời gian chưa tồn tại) Grow Raise  Cặp từ có chung ý nghĩa “tăng” “làm tăng thêm đó” - Grow thường xuất với crops/ plants (cây trồng, thực vật) Ví dụ: In the south, the farmers grow crops KHÓA TỔNG ÔN KIẾN THỨC – Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG  (Nông dân miền Nam sống nghề trồng cấy) - Trong “Raise” lại thường với animals, children (động vật trẻ con) Ví dụ: In the north, the farmers mostly raise cattle (Ở miền Bắc, nông dân chủ yếu sống nghề chăn nuôi gia súc) Injure Damage: hư hại, tổn hại   - “Injure” thường kèm với từ liên quan đến người (collocates with words to with people) “damage” lại với từ vật (collocates with words for things) Ví dụ: Three injured people were taken to hospital after the accident (Ba người bị thương đưa vào bệnh viện sau vụ tai nạn xảy ra) The shop tried to sell me a damaged sofa but I noticed it just in time (Cửa hàng cố tình bán ghế hỏng cho tôi, kịp phát ra) End Finish   Cặp từ mang ý nghĩa ‘’kết thúc’’, ‘’chấm dứt việc đó” Tuy nhiên, chúng có vài cách dùng khác sau: - End với ý nghĩa định ngừng/ chấm dứt (decide to stop) Ví dụ: They ended their relationship a year ago (Họ chấm dứt mối quan hệ cách năm rồi) - Finish mang ý nghĩa ‘hoàn thành’ (complete) Ví dụ: I haven’t finished my homework yet (Tớ chưa làm xong tập nhà) Mời bạn làm tập lựa chọn từ thích hợp để củng cố kiến thức vừa học nhé! The dentist told me to shut/close my mouth I didn’t know what to when I got into my car and couldn’t start/ begin the engine I haven’t finished/ ended my essay yet I can’t decide how to finish/ end it At what time you plant to shut/close the conference? All societies develop their own stories about how the world started/began It’s never easy to finish/ end a relationship Close Start ended Finished/ Close Began End KHÓA TỔNG ÔN KIẾN THỨC – Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG Adjectives Synonyms big large blank empty broad wide center middle cunning clever dangerous risky eatable edible false untrue fertile fruitful gay cheerful glad happy hard difficult high tall huge enormous intelligent clever lazy indolent little small loving fond loyal faithful mad crazy new modern nice kind noisy rowdy old ancient oral verbal polite courteous poor destitute quick rapid/fast KHÓA TỔNG ÔN KIẾN THỨC – Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG rare scarce ready alert real genuine rich wealthy rude impolite sad unhappy safe secure sleepy drowsy slim slender thin lean usual normal vacant empty weak feeble well-known famous Categories of adjectives The following are the fifteen major categories of meaning that are expressed with English adjectives A few exemples are listed for each category, but there are several more possibilities COLOR: blue, red, green, brown, yellow, black, white, purple, pink, etc SIZE: big, huge, immense, enormous, mammoth, massive, vast, large, wide, spacious, small, little, tiny, high, long, tall, low , short, same as, gigantic, teeny (weeny), petite, scrawny, etc SHAPE: round (a ball), circle (a door knob), triangular, rectangular (a flag), square (a cake), oval (an egg), broad, curved, flat, etc FEELINGS: happy, gald, beatific, blissful, cheerful, chirpy, content, pleased, satisfied, delighted, ecstatic , exalted, elated, sad, bereft, blue, broken, broken-hearted, broody, bruised, broody, careworn, deflated, dark, demoralised, depressed, desolate, despondent, disaffected, disappointed, disconsolate, discouraged, dismal, disillusioned, disheartened, dismayed, displeased, dissatisfied, distressed, distraught, doleful, down, downcast,downhearted, forlorn, tender, angry, excited, envious, embarassed, frightened, etc QUALITIES AND APPEARANCE: good,excellent, brilliant ,splendid, fantastic, magnificent, bad, terrible, awsome, awful, nice, beautiful, pretty,gorgeous, cute, glamorous, elegant, good-looking, handsome, ugly, unsightly, right, wrong, funny, amusing, entertaining, light, heavy, fat, stout, thin, slim, clean, dirty, filthy, straight, noisy, quiet, still, tranquil, calm, powerful, KHÓA TỔNG ÔN KIẾN THỨC – Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG nutritious, adorable, adventurous, aggressive, alert, attractive, bloody, blushing, colorful, exciting, graceful, grotesque, drab, dull, homely, plain, precious, sparkling, fragile, frail, weak, strong, doubtful, bewildred, confused, puzzled, cautious, careful, concerned, innocent, guilty, crazy, silly, stupid, foolish, clumsy, intelligent, clever, cunning, shy, timid, rich, poor, wild, defiant, courageous, brave, helpful, helpless, unhelpful, etc CONDITION: important, principal, paramount, famous, notorious, fictitious, real, true, false, imaginary, alive, dead, odd, weird, unsusual, strange, outsanding, impossible, improbable,easy, difficult, closed, open, etc QUANTITY: one, two, three, first, second, third, abundant, empty,heavy, light, numerous, substantial, significant, insignificant etc WEATHER AND TEMPERATURE: cold, warm, hot, cool, rainy, windy snowy,foggy, sunny, cloudy, stormy, frozen, etc TIME: late, early, punctual, behindhand, delayed, ill-timed, premature, tardy, unearthly, modern, traditional, oldfashioned, young, old, new, slow, swift,quick, rapid, brief, short, long, etc NATIONALITY AND ORIGIN: American, Mexican, Moroccan,, African, Martian, etc MATERIAL: wooden, woolen, cottony, fibrous, metallic, bronze, etc AGE: old, ancient, aged, senile, elderly, ageless, oldish, overage, young, juvenile, adolescent, teenage, underage, youthful, etc PURPOSE: (These adjectives usually end in /ing/) sleeping bag, frying pan, swinging door, time-saving gadget, driving licence, etc Taste/Touch: bitter, delicious, fresh, juicy, ripe, rotten, salty, sour, spicy, stale, sticky, sweet, tart, tasteless, tasty, thirsty, fluttering, fuzzy,greasy, grubby, hard, hot, icy, loose, melted, plastic, prickly, rough, scattered, shaggy, shaky, sharp, shivering, silky, slimy, slippery, smooth, soft, solid, steady, sticky, tight, uneven, weak, wet, wooden, yummy, boiling, etc SOUND: cooing, deafening, faint, harsh, high-pitched, hissing, hushed, husky, loud, melodic, moaning, mute, noisy, purring, quiet, raspy, resonant, screeching, shrill, silent, soft, squealing, thundering, voiceless, whispering, etc Words Opposites A Words Opposites Words Opposites cold (adj) hot to find to lose about exactly cold (noun) heat to finish to begin above below to come to go finish start absence presence comedy drama, tragedy first final, last abundance lack complicated simple to fix to break to accept to refuse compliment insult flat hilly accidental intentional compulsory voluntary floor ceiling KHÓA TỔNG ÔN KIẾN THỨC – Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG active lazy to connect to separate to follow to lead to add to subtract consonant vowel to forbid to allow, to let, to permit to admit to deny constant changeable for against adult child construction destruction foreground background advanced elementary to continue to interrupt foreign domestic affirmative negative cool warm foreigner native afraid brave correct false, wrong to forget to remember after before courage fear to form to destroy against for courageous cowardly fortune bad luck alike different cowardly brave, courageous forward backward alive dead to create to destroy to free to arrest all none cruel human, kind humane to freeze to melt always never to cry to whisper frequently occasionally ancient modern to cry to laugh friend enemy to agree to refuse, to argue curly straight front rear to allow to forbid in front of back, behind already not yet to damage to repair full empty always never danger security, safety funny serious amateur professional dangerous safe future past, present to amuse to bore dark light angel devil daughter son general particular, special animal human dawn dusk generous mean to annoy to satisfy day night gentle violent, rough, strict to answer to ask deep shallow gentleman lady answer question defeat victory girl boy antonym synonym delicious awful to give to take apart together to deny to admit to go to come, to stop approximately exactly to depart to arrive good bad to argue to agree departure arrival godfather godmother to arrest to free, to set free desperate hopeful grown-up child arrival departure to destroy to build, to create, to form guest host to arrive to depart, to leave destruction construction guilty innocent artificial natural devil angel to ask to answer dictatorship democracy happiness sadness asleep awake to die to live happy sad D G H KHÓA TỔNG ÔN KIẾN THỨC – Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG to attack to defend different alike, equal, the same handsome ugly attack defense, protection difficult easy hard easy, soft attic cellar dirty clean to harvest to plant autumn spring disease health to hate to enjoy, to like, to love awake asleep distant near health disease, illness awful delicious, nice, pleasant to divide to unite healthy ill, sick division unity heat cold B back in front of to divorce to marry heaven hell background foreground divorce marriage, wedding heavy light backward forward divorced married hell heaven bad good domestic foreign here there bad luck fortune, good luck down up high deep beauty ugliness downstairs upstairs high low before after drama comedy hilly flat to begin to end, to finish dry humid, wet to hit to miss beginning end, ending dull interesting hopeful desperate, hopeless behind in front of dusk dawn hopeless hopeful below above horizontal vertical best worst early late host guest, visitor better worse east west hot cold beautiful ugly easy difficult, hard huge tiny big small elementary advanced human animal birth death to emigrate to immigrate humane cruel bitter sweet emigration immigration humid dry black white empty full hungry thirsty blunt sharp to end to begin husband wife body soul end beginning to bore to amuse, to be interested in ending beginning in front of back, behind boring exciting, interesting enemy friend to ignore to notice to borrow to lend to enjoy to hate ill healthy, well bottom top to enter to leave to immigrate to emigrate boy girl entrance exit immigration emigration brave cowardly, afraid equal different import export E I KHÓA TỔNG ÔN KIẾN THỨC – Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG to break to mend, to fix even odd in out broad narrow evening morning to include to exclude brother sister everybody nobody to increase to reduce to build to destroy everything nothing innocent guilty busy lazy exactly approximately inside outside to buy to sell excited calm insult compliment exciting boring intelligent silly, stupid C calm excited to exclude to include intentional accidental careful careless exit entrance interested bored careless careful expensive cheap interesting boring, dull to catch to miss, to throw export import to interrupt to continue ceiling floor exposure shelter cellar attic extreme moderate center outskirts, suburb certainly probably to fail to succeed, to pass changeable constant failure success cheap expensive false correct, true keen uninterested child adult, grown-up far near kind cruel, nasty children parents fast slow clean dirty fat slim, thin clever stupid fear courage to close to open female male closed open few many cloudy clear, sunny, bright final first Words Opposites Words Opposites Words Opposites outside inside south north L F J to jeopardize to secure jolly unhappy junior senior K lack abundance, plenty outskirts center special general, ordinary lady gentleman over under spring autumn to land to take off to stand to sit land water parents children to start to stop large small part whole start finish, end, stop last first partial total to stop to start, to go late early particular general to stand to lie to laugh to cry to pass to fail strange normal lazy active, busy past future, present strict tolerant, indulgent to lead to follow peace war strong weak to learn to teach to permit to forbid student teacher to leave to arrive, to enter to plant to harvest stupid clever, intelligent P KHÓA TỔNG ÔN KIẾN THỨC – Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG left right plenty lack suburb center to lend to borrow pleasant awful to succeed to fail less more polite rude, impolite success failure to let to forbid poor rich, wealthy to subtract to add to lie to stand poverty wealth sugar salt life death powerful weak summer winter light dark, heavy presence absence sun moon to like to hate present past, future sunny cloudy, rainy liquid solid pretty ugly supporter opponent little big, large private public to suspect to trust little much probably certainly sweet bitter, sour to live to die professional amateur synonym antonym long short to protect to attack to lose to find, to win protection attack to take to give loser winner public private to take off to land loud quiet to pull to push tall small, short to love to hate pupil teacher to teach to learn lovely terrible to push to pull teacher pupil, student low high thankful thankless to lower to raise M Q T question answer terrible lovely quick slow there here quiet loud, noisy then now thin thick, fat major minor male female man woman to raise to lower to throw to catch many few, some rainy sunny tight loose marriage divorce rear front tiny huge married divorced, single to receive to send together apart to marry to divorce to reduce to increase tomorrow yesterday master servant to refuse to agree, to accept top bottom maximum minimum regret satisfaction total partial mean generous to remember to forget town village to melt to freeze to repair to damage tragedy comedy men women to reply to ask trivial important to mend to break reply question true false mess order republic dictatorship, monarchy to trust to suspect midnight noon to rest to work minimum maximum rich poor R U ugliness beauty KHÓA TỔNG ÔN KIẾN THỨC – Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG minor major right left, wrong ugly beautiful, handsome, pretty to miss to hit, to catch to rise to sink under over moderate extreme rough gentle, smooth, soft to unite to divide, to separate modern ancient, old rude polite unity division monarchy republic rural urban up down moon sun upstairs downstairs more less sad happy urban rural morning evening sadness happiness urgent leisurely mountain valley safe dangerous useless useful much little safety danger same, similar different vacant occupied N S V narrow broad, wide satisfaction dissatisfaction valley mountain nasty nice, pleasant to satisfy to dissatisfy vertical horizontal native foreigner, stranger to save to spend, to waste victory defeat natural artificial to scream to whisper village town near distant, far security danger violent gentle negative affirmative seldom often visitor host nephew niece to sell to buy voluntary compulsory never always to send to receive vowel consonant new ancient, old to sit to stand nice awful, nasty senior junior war peace niece nephew to separate to connect, to unite warm cool night day serious funny to waste to save no yes servant master water land nobody everybody to set free to arrest weak powerful, strong noisy quiet, silent shallow deep wealth poverty noon midnight sharp blunt wealthy poor none of all of shelter exposure wedding divorce normal strange short long, tall well ill north south to shout to whisper west east not yet already to shut to open wet dry nothing everything sick healthy to whisper to scream, to shout to notice to ignore silent noisy white black now then silly, stupid intelligent whole part simple complicated wide narrow to sink to rise wife husband O occasionally frequently W KHÓA TỔNG ÔN KIẾN THỨC – Cô VŨ MAI PHƯƠNG occupied vacant single married to win to lose odd even sister brother winner loser off on slim fat winter summer often seldom, sometimes slow fast, quick to work to rest old modern, new, young small big, large, tall woman man on off smooth rough women men to open to close, to shut soft hard, rough worse better open closed, shut solid liquid worst best opponent supporter somber colorful, cheerful wrong correct, right order mess some many ordinary special son daughter yes no other same soul body yesterday tomorrow out in sour sweet young old Y