Synonym antonym p1

Những cặp từ đồng nghĩa trong Tiếng Anh Trong Tiếng Anh có nhiều từ đồng nghĩa, có trường hợp nó được sử dụng giống nhau, có trường hợp nó lại được sử dụng 2 cách hoàn toàn khác nhau.. T

Những cặp từ đồng nghĩa trong Tiếng Anh

Trong Tiếng Anh có nhiều từ đồng nghĩa, có trường hợp nó được sử dụng giống nhau, có trường hợp nó lại được sử dụng 2 cách hoàn toàn khác nhau.

1 Close và Shut

Close và Shut đều mang nghĩa là “đóng”, “khép” Tuy nhiên, trong một số trường hợp, “close” và “shut”

lại có cách sử dụng khác nhau.

- Close: Chúng ta dùng “close” + meetings/ discussions/ conferences với ý nghĩa kết thúc buổi họp mặt,

thảo luận hay hội thảo.

Ví dụ:

 The chairperson closed the meeting at 4.30.

(Vị chủ tịch đã kết thúc buổi họp lúc bốn rưỡi)

- Shut: có thể được dùng để bảo ai đó không được nói nữa một cách khiếm nhã

Ví dụ:

 She was very rude She said: “Shut your mouth!’’

(Cô ấy đã rất thô lỗ khi quát lên với tôi:’‘Câm mồm!’’)

2 Start và Begin

Hai cặp từ này đều mang ý nghĩa là “bắt đầu”, “khởi đầu một sự vật, sự việc nào đó” Nhưng hãy xem điểm khác nhau của chúng nhé:

- Start: được sử dụng cho các loại động cơ và xe cộ (engines and vehicles) Không dùng ‘’begin” trong

những trường hợp này.

Ví dụ:

 It was a cold morning and I could not start my car.

(Sáng hôm đó trời lạnh quá nên tớ không sao nổ máy được)

- Begin thường xuất hiện trong các tình huống trang trọng và trừu tượng hơn

Ví dụ:

 Before the universe began, time and place did not exist.

(Trước buổi sơ khai của vũ trụ, không gian và thời gian chưa hề tồn tại)

3 Grow và Raise

Cặp từ này đều có chung một ý nghĩa đó là “tăng” hoặc “làm tăng thêm cái gì đó”.

- Grow thường xuất hiện với crops/ plants (cây trồng, thực vật)

Ví dụ:

 In the south, the farmers grow crops.

Synonym & Antonym – P1

(Nông dân miền Nam sống bằng nghề trồng cấy)

- Trong khi đó “Raise” lại thường đi với animals, children (động vật và trẻ con)

Ví dụ:

 In the north, the farmers mostly raise cattle.

(Ở miền Bắc, nông dân chủ yếu sống bằng nghề chăn nuôi gia súc)

4 Injure và Damage: hư hại, tổn hại

- “Injure” thường đi kèm với các từ liên quan đến con người (collocates with words to do with people) trong khi đó “damage” lại đi với các từ chỉ vật (collocates with words for things).

Ví dụ:

 Three injured people were taken to hospital after the accident.

(Ba người bị thương được đưa vào bệnh viện ngay sau khi vụ tai nạn xảy ra)

 The shop tried to sell me a damaged sofa but I noticed it just in time.

(Cửa hàng đó cố tình bán ghế hỏng cho tôi, nhưng tôi đã kịp phát hiện ra)

5 End và Finish

Cặp từ này đều mang ý nghĩa là ‘’kết thúc’’, ‘’chấm dứt việc gì đó” Tuy nhiên, chúng vẫn có một vài cách dùng khác như sau:

- End với ý nghĩa quyết định ngừng/ chấm dứt cái gì đó (decide to stop)

Ví dụ:

 They ended their relationship a year ago.

(Họ đã chấm dứt mối quan hệ cách đây một năm rồi)

- Finish có thể mang ý nghĩa ‘hoàn thành’ (complete)

Ví dụ:

 I haven’t finished my homework yet.

(Tớ vẫn chưa làm xong bài tập về nhà)

Mời các bạn làm bài tập lựa chọn từ thích hợp dưới đây để củng cố các kiến thức vừa học nhé!

1 The dentist told me to shut/close my mouth

2 I didn’t know what to do when I got into my car and couldn’t start/ begin the engine

3 I haven’t finished/ ended my essay yet I can’t decide how to finish/ end it

4 At what time do you plant to shut/close the conference?

5 All societies develop their own stories about how the world started/began

6 It’s never easy to finish/ end a relationship

1 Close 2 Start 3 Finished/

ended

4 Close 5 Began 6 End

Adjectives Synonyms

center middle

cunning clever

dangerous risky

eatable edible

false untrue

fertile fruitful

gay cheerful

hard difficult

huge enormous

intelligent clever

lazy indolent

little small

loving fond

loyal faithful

polite courteous

poor destitute

quick rapid/fast

rare scarce ready alert real genuine rich wealthy rude impolite

sleepy drowsy slim slender

usual normal vacant empty

well-known famous

Categories of adjectives

The following are the fifteen major categories of meaning that are expressed with English

adjectives A few exemples are listed for each category, but there are several more possibilities

COLOR:

blue, red, green, brown, yellow, black, white, purple, pink, etc

SIZE:

big, huge, immense, enormous, mammoth, massive, vast, large, wide, spacious, small, little, tiny, high, long, tall, low , short, same as, gigantic, teeny (weeny), petite, scrawny, etc

SHAPE:

round (a ball), circle (a door knob), triangular, rectangular (a flag), square (a cake), oval (an egg), broad, curved, flat, etc

FEELINGS:

happy, gald, beatific, blissful, cheerful, chirpy, content, pleased, satisfied, delighted, ecstatic , exalted, elated, sad, bereft, blue, broken, broken-hearted, broody, bruised, broody, careworn, deflated, dark, demoralised, depressed, desolate, despondent, disaffected, disappointed, disconsolate, discouraged, dismal, disillusioned, disheartened, dismayed, displeased, dissatisfied, distressed, distraught, doleful, down, downcast,downhearted, forlorn, tender, angry, excited, envious, embarassed, frightened, etc

QUALITIES AND APPEARANCE:

good,excellent, brilliant ,splendid, fantastic, magnificent, bad, terrible, awsome, awful, nice, beautiful, pretty,gorgeous, cute, glamorous,

elegant, good-looking, handsome, ugly, unsightly, right, wrong, funny, amusing, entertaining, light, heavy, fat, stout, thin, slim, clean, dirty, filthy, straight, noisy, quiet, still, tranquil, calm, powerful,

nutritious, adorable, adventurous, aggressive, alert, attractive, bloody, blushing, colorful, exciting,

graceful, grotesque, drab, dull, homely, plain, precious, sparkling, fragile, frail, weak, strong, doubtful, bewildred, confused, puzzled, cautious, careful, concerned, innocent, guilty, crazy, silly, stupid, foolish, clumsy, intelligent, clever, cunning, shy, timid, rich, poor, wild, defiant, courageous, brave, helpful,

helpless, unhelpful, etc

CONDITION:

important, principal, paramount, famous, notorious, fictitious, real, true, false, imaginary, alive, dead, odd, weird, unsusual, strange, outsanding, impossible, improbable,easy, difficult, closed, open, etc

QUANTITY:

one, two, three, first, second, third, abundant, empty,heavy, light, numerous, substantial, significant, insignificant etc

WEATHER AND TEMPERATURE:

cold, warm, hot, cool, rainy, windy snowy,foggy, sunny, cloudy, stormy, frozen, etc

TIME:

late, early, punctual, behindhand, delayed, ill-timed, premature, tardy, unearthly, modern, traditional, old-fashioned, young, old, new, slow, swift,quick, rapid, brief, short, long, etc

NATIONALITY AND ORIGIN:

American, Mexican, Moroccan,, African, Martian, etc

MATERIAL:

wooden, woolen, cottony, fibrous, metallic, bronze, etc

AGE:

old, ancient, aged, senile, elderly, ageless, oldish, overage, young, juvenile, adolescent, teenage, underage, youthful, etc

PURPOSE:

(These adjectives usually end in /ing/) sleeping bag, frying pan, swinging door, time-saving gadget,

driving licence, etc

Taste/Touch:

bitter, delicious, fresh, juicy, ripe, rotten, salty, sour, spicy, stale, sticky, sweet, tart, tasteless, tasty, thirsty, fluttering, fuzzy,greasy, grubby, hard, hot, icy, loose, melted, plastic, prickly, rough, scattered, shaggy, shaky, sharp, shivering, silky, slimy, slippery, smooth, soft, solid, steady, sticky, tight, uneven, weak, wet, wooden, yummy, boiling, etc

SOUND:

cooing, deafening, faint, harsh, high-pitched, hissing, hushed, husky, loud, melodic, moaning, mute, noisy, purring, quiet, raspy, resonant, screeching, shrill, silent, soft, squealing, thundering, voiceless, whispering, etc

Words Opposites

Words Opposites

Words Opposites

A cold (adj) hot to find to lose about exactly cold (noun) heat to finish to begin above below to come to go finish start absence presence comedy drama, tragedy first final, last abundance lack complicated simple to fix to break

to accept to refuse compliment insult flat hilly accidental intentional compulsory voluntary floor ceiling

active lazy to connect to separate to follow to lead

to add to subtract consonant vowel to forbid to allow, to let, to

permit

to admit to deny constant changeable for against adult child construction destruction foreground background advanced elementary to continue to interrupt foreign domestic affirmative negative cool warm foreigner native afraid brave correct false, wrong to forget to remember after before courage fear to form to destroy against for courageous cowardly fortune bad luck alike different cowardly brave, courageous forward backward alive dead to create to destroy to free to arrest all none cruel human, kind

humane

to freeze to melt

always never to cry to whisper frequently occasionally ancient modern to cry to laugh friend enemy

to agree to refuse, to argue curly straight front rear

to allow to forbid D in front of back, behind already not yet to damage to repair full empty always never danger security, safety funny serious amateur professional dangerous safe future past, present

to amuse to bore dark light G

angel devil daughter son general particular, special animal human dawn dusk generous mean

to annoy to satisfy day night gentle violent, rough,

strict

to answer to ask deep shallow gentleman lady answer question defeat victory girl boy antonym synonym delicious awful to give to take apart together to deny to admit to go to come, to stop approximately exactly to depart to arrive good bad

to argue to agree departure arrival godfather godmother

to arrest to free, to set free desperate hopeful grown-up child arrival departure to destroy to build, to create,

to form

guest host

to arrive to depart, to leave destruction construction guilty innocent artificial natural devil angel H

to ask to answer dictatorship democracy happiness sadness asleep awake to die to live happy sad

to attack to defend different alike, equal, the

same

handsome ugly

attack defense, protection difficult easy hard easy, soft attic cellar dirty clean to harvest to plant autumn spring disease health to hate to enjoy, to like,

to love awake asleep distant near health disease, illness awful delicious, nice,

pleasant

to divide to unite healthy ill, sick

B division unity heat cold back in front of to divorce to marry heaven hell background foreground divorce marriage, wedding heavy light backward forward divorced married hell heaven bad good domestic foreign here there bad luck fortune, good luck down up high deep beauty ugliness downstairs upstairs high low before after drama comedy hilly flat

to begin to end, to finish dry humid, wet to hit to miss beginning end, ending dull interesting hopeful desperate,

hopeless behind in front of dusk dawn hopeless hopeful below above E horizontal vertical best worst early late host guest, visitor better worse east west hot cold beautiful ugly easy difficult, hard huge tiny big small elementary advanced human animal birth death to emigrate to immigrate humane cruel bitter sweet emigration immigration humid dry black white empty full hungry thirsty blunt sharp to end to begin husband wife body soul end beginning I

to bore to amuse, to be

interested in

ending beginning in front of back, behind

boring exciting,

interesting

enemy friend to ignore to notice

to borrow to lend to enjoy to hate ill healthy, well bottom top to enter to leave to immigrate to emigrate boy girl entrance exit immigration emigration brave cowardly, afraid equal different import export

to break to mend, to fix even odd in out broad narrow evening morning to include to exclude brother sister everybody nobody to increase to reduce

to build to destroy everything nothing innocent guilty busy lazy exactly approximately inside outside

to buy to sell excited calm insult compliment

C exciting boring intelligent silly, stupid calm excited to exclude to include intentional accidental careful careless exit entrance interested bored careless careful expensive cheap interesting boring, dull

to catch to miss, to throw export import to interrupt to continue ceiling floor exposure shelter J

cellar attic extreme moderate to jeopardize to secure center outskirts, suburb F jolly unhappy certainly probably to fail to succeed, to pass junior senior changeable constant failure success K

cheap expensive false correct, true keen uninterested child adult, grown-up far near kind cruel, nasty children parents fast slow

clean dirty fat slim, thin

clever stupid fear courage

to close to open female male

closed open few many

cloudy clear, sunny, bright final first

left right plenty lack suburb center

monarchy

minor major right left, wrong ugly beautiful,

handsome, pretty

separate

occupied vacant single married to win to lose